RU215187U1 - Device for introducing a heated gas mixture into the oral cavity - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine and medical technology, namely to devices for introducing a heated gas mixture into the oral cavity, and can be used to influence the body with heated gas mixtures of various compositions, specifically oxygen-helium mixtures with heating temperatures from thermoneutral (45- 65°C) to hyperthermic (70-125°C). The device for introducing the heated gas mixture into the oral cavity contains a gas pipeline, a gas mixture heater in the form of a heat exchanger, an inhalation valve, an exhalation valve and a means for ensuring the introduction of the heated gas mixture into the oral cavity. The gas pipeline, valve and heat exchanger are made of PVC. The heat exchanger is equipped with a heat-insulating cover. The utility model makes it possible to reduce heat losses in order to maintain the temperature of the gas stream. 3 w.p. f-ly, 8 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to medicine and medical technology, namely to devices for introducing a heated gas mixture into the oral cavity, and can be used to influence the body with heated gas mixtures of various compositions, for example, oxygen-helium, oxygen-xenon or other mixtures with heating temperatures from thermoneutral (45-65°C) to hyperthermal (70-125°C).

High temperatures of the respiratory mixture are necessary for the treatment of various broncho-obstructive pulmonary diseases, pneumonia of various etiologies, including those with COVID-19 coronavirus infection.

Studies conducted on the survival of the virus from t ° showed that at a temperature of plus 4 ° C after two weeks the number of viruses decreased by 72%, at 22 ° C after a week by 50%, and heating to 37 ° C reduced this time to one day. At 70°C, the entire population dies in five minutes, and at and 90°C and above, in seconds (source indicator.ru). The resistance of coronavirus to temperature on surfaces was found out in the Health section Nikul from 04/01/2020.

The analogues of the proposed utility model are patents: RU 2072241 dated 09/20/1995, RU 2146536 dated 03/20/2000, RU 2232013 dated 06/04/2001, RU 2521841 dated 03/01/2013, which describes various devices for supplying gas mixtures patient.

To solve the main problem - to get rid of the virus in pneumonia, it is necessary to increase the temperature of the inhaled gas mixture. This task is very difficult, especially for the remote parts of the trachea, because. Solving the main problem, it is necessary not to cause a burn injury to the patient. The high temperature of the gas mixture dries the surface of the lips, larynx, and already at temperatures above 55-60 ° C causes discomfort, and with a long breathing time - burns. At a distance of 7 cm from the measurement point, T°C is already 33.7-34°C, i.e. gas to the trachea approaches already thermoneutral temperature.

Considering the unique thermophysical properties of helium:

- the density is 7 times less than that of nitrogen - the main gas diluent of oxygen in the air;

- the heat capacity is 5.8 times, and the thermal diffusivity is 10 times higher than that of air;

- solubility in fats is 4.5 times lower than that of nitrogen, as well as high diffusion capacity, ultra-fast heat exchange with the surrounding atmosphere and surfaces of the oral cavity is provided.

Helium quickly heats the surfaces of gas pipelines, pneumatic control valves, lips and oral cavity that come into contact with it, but at the same time it cools itself.

Despite the various options for the design of the equipment, all devices have common components, including: a gas storage, pneumatic distribution valves, a heater (heat exchanger), a valve box and a mask to ensure the introduction of a gas mixture into the oral cavity and further into the lungs.

At the same time, both pre-prepared and individual components of the mixture can be stored in the gas storage, which are already prepared during the procedure using various devices (mixers) according to a given program. At the exit, all devices have common elements: a heater, a valve box, which is placed as close as possible to the face due to the unique thermophysical properties of helium, and a mask.

In this case, between the heat exchanger and the mask, as a rule, there is a valve box, filters and devices (nebulizers) that deliver medicines to the patient, depending on the treatment method. Due to the resistance to the gas flow, heat transfer increases, and heat losses increase, i.e. overheating of the structure as a whole.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed utility model is a device for introducing a heated gas mixture into the oral cavity, containing a gas pipeline, a gas mixture heater in the form of a heat exchanger, an inhalation valve, an exhalation valve and a means for ensuring the introduction of a heated gas mixture into the oral cavity (see patent RU 2146536 dated 06/04/2001, class A61M 16/00, published 03/20/2000). The main disadvantage of the known device is the high heat loss during operation of the device.

The technical problem is the elimination of this drawback and the improvement of devices for supplying heated gas mixtures, in particular, but not limited to, OHC (oxygen-helium mixtures), from temperatures above thermoneutral (45-65°C) to hyperthermal (70-125°C) in the trachea of the lungs, reducing the contact of the heated mixture with structural elements, reducing the resistance to inhalation and exhalation of the patient, as well as eliminating the need for disinfection of the gas pipeline. The technical result is to reduce heat loss to maintain the temperature of the gas stream.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that in a device for introducing a heated gas mixture into the oral cavity, containing a gas pipeline, a gas mixture heater in the form of a heat exchanger, an inhalation valve, an exhalation valve and a means for ensuring the introduction of a heated gas mixture into the oral cavity, a gas pipeline , the inhalation valve and the heat exchanger are made of polyvinyl chloride, while the heat exchanger is equipped with a heat-insulating cover. The means for ensuring the introduction of a heated gas mixture into the oral cavity is preferably made in the form of a tip with a rigid part for clamping with teeth, on which an exhalation valve is installed, which can be equipped with a part of an elastic material for introduction into the larynx, narrowed at the end into a cone. The means for ensuring the introduction of the heated gas mixture into the oral cavity is preferably made in the form of a mask with a valve box and an exhalation valve.

In FIG. 1 shows a schematic element-by-element diagram of the configuration of the claimed device (with a mask);

in fig. 2 - the same with a tip in the form of a mouthpiece;

in fig. 3 shows the scheme of the procedure using a tip with a hard part (inspiration);

in fig. 4 - the same (exhale);

in fig. 5 shows the scheme of the procedure using a tip with a rigid and elastic part (inspiration);

in fig. 6 - the same (exhale);

in fig. 7 shows a part of the device in the basic configuration with temperature measurement points during the procedure;

in fig. 8 shows a part of the device complete with a mouthpiece and an elastic nozzle with temperature measurement points during the procedure.

The proposed device for entering a heated gas mixture into the oral cavity consists of a gas mixture heater 1 in the form of a heat exchanger with a heat-insulating cover; valve box 2; masks 3 for preheating the oral cavity; inhalation valve 4; exhalation valve 5; means for ensuring the introduction of a heated gas mixture into the oral cavity in the form of a tip with a rigid part 6 for clamping with teeth, which can be made in the form of a mouthpiece; adapter 7; gas pipeline 8; the elastic part 9 of the tip for inserting CGS into the larynx, which can be made in the form of an elastic nozzle, tapered at the end to a cone and beveled at an angle of 30° to 45°.

A gas storage for storing a gas mixture, equipped with pneumatic distribution valves, a heater 1 and a means for ensuring the introduction of a heated gas mixture into the oral cavity are connected in series by a gas pipeline 8. A device for supplying medicines, in particular a nebulizer and/or a manual ventilator, can be built into the gas pipeline. The gas pipeline 8 is made with the possibility of connecting to it an additional gas channel connected to the device supplying medicines.

The gas pipeline 8, the inhalation valve 4 and the heat exchanger are made of materials with low thermal conductivity, namely, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which, in combination with a heat-insulating casing, can significantly reduce heat loss and prevent burns to the user's hand. The inhalation valve 4 is preferably made in the form of a check valve, installed at the inlet of the gas pipeline 8 to the heat exchanger. The exhalation valve 5 is installed in the upper part, for example, on the mask 3 or on the hard part 6 of the handpiece.

In the proposed utility model, to maintain the temperature of the gas flow of the gas mixture passing through the gas pipeline, the valve box is disbanded: the inhalation valve 4 is taken out and installed at the inlet in front of the heat exchanger, and the exhalation valve 5 is in the upper part (Fig.1) or directly on the tip (Fig. .2), i.e. a direct shortest path from the heater 1 to the input device (tip) is formed, and the contact of the heated CGM with structural elements is reduced. This reduces the resistance to inhalation and exhalation of the patient and heat loss.

The utility model works as follows.

The KGS is heated in heater 1. The heater is a hollow metal tube, inside which a nichrome wire spiral is installed along its entire length (i.e., along the central longitudinal axis). A constant voltage is applied to the spiral from the power source, as a result of which it quickly heats up. To prevent contact of the spiral with the wall of the metal tube, it is placed in a ceramic casing. From the outside, the metal tube is wrapped with heat-insulating non-woven material, placed in a plastic case and equipped with a cover that the patient holds. Heating of the CGS occurs as it moves along the hot surface of the coil when the patient inhales. A temperature control sensor is installed inside the heater at the outlet of the heated gas. When the temperature set on the control panel of the device is reached, the sensor turns off the heater, and as the heater cools down, the sensor switches it back on for heating.

The breathing mixture on exhalation does not enter the supply gas pipeline, because the inhalation valve installed at the inlet of the heat exchanger plays the role of a check valve, creates back pressure and prevents the ingress of the exhaled gas mixture into the supply gas pipeline, i.e. no need for disinfection.

All elements of the gas pipeline, supplying the heated CGS to the patient, are made of a material that does not conduct heat well - polyvinyl chloride, i.e. material with low thermal conductivity, and the heat exchanger itself, for the safety of patients and staff, is covered with a heat-insulating cover.

If we assume that the microflora and viruses accidentally got into the inhalation channel, then the temperature heated above the thermoneutral temperature “kills” them, i.e. disinfection of the internal gas outlet channel for the respiratory mixture is not required. The tip (mouthpiece) is removed and disinfected separately or replaced. Let us compare the T°C of the injected CHC at different temperatures according to the recommendations of the Ministry of Health of April 28, 2020, which are 75–95°C (Fig. 7, 8).

Measurements of the temperature fields show that when using the mask (Fig. 7), the average temperature during inspiration is 52-53°C (point 3), because gas, entering under the mask, immediately “washes” the outer and inner surfaces of the lips, gums, teeth and palate.

Given the high thermal conductivity of helium, its high thermal diffusivity (10 times greater than that of air) and the relatively large surface of the mask, it cools quickly. Since the gas is dry, it immediately attracts moisture from the surface of the face, mucous surfaces of the lips, palate, and causes dryness in the oral cavity. Using a mask, it is difficult to get the temperature of the gas mixture at the entrance to the larynx above 32-34°C (point 4), not to mention getting a burn injury to the mucous surface of the lips and palate. On the other hand, the use of a mask is necessary to preheat the oral cavity, larynx and trachea at thermoneutral temperatures.

When using a mouthpiece (Fig. 8) without a nozzle, we can get an outlet temperature (measurement point 3) up to 65 ° C, and since the gas flow bypasses the most temperature-sensitive areas of the oral cavity and lips, breathing remains comfortable, although dryness in the larynx during unidirectional flow action appears.

If, however, the mouthpiece is extended by 7 cm with the help of an elastic nozzle, then the average temperature of the KGS leaving the mouthpiece can be raised to 56-60°C, but this is already a mixture that goes directly into the larynx. To disperse the flow, at the exit of the mouthpiece extension it is necessary to make it with a rational bevel, and the tip should be thinned into a cone so that it goes around the sky.

Thus, the essence of the utility model lies in the fact that due to the cover and the implementation of the main elements in contact with the hot gas mixture, made of PVC, the proposed device has significantly lower heat loss than known analogues. At the same time, in the proposed device, a direct-flow gas inlet is formed for the heated CGM, which shortens the path of the heated mixture from the heater to the oral cavity, while the reversal of the exhaled mixture into the supply channel is excluded, due to the installation of an inhalation valve at the inlet of the heat exchanger, which plays the role of a check valve, i.e. e. corresponding additional heat losses and disinfection of the gas supply channel are excluded. In addition, instead of a mask, a hard tip with an elastic nozzle can be introduced, having a thinning on a cone towards its end, and providing the highest possible temperature of the heated mixture while observing safety measures for the patient.

The device can be used for the treatment of respiratory organs, prevention of hypothermia (hypothermia), prevention of infectious and inflammatory complications using heated gas mixtures based on inert gases and the possibility of inhalation of drugs.

Usage example. Patient: male, 77 years old. Diagnosis of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) with asthmatic components. Constantly took medications and other auxiliary broncho-active substances of the asthmatic component. Repeatedly used treatment with heated oxygen-helium mixtures. It was not possible to achieve a stable and complete remission.

The course of treatment: six daily sessions with the use of tips, in breaks for rest - taking the mentioned medicines. The result is a stable remission. Cough, sputum, wheezing in the lungs disappeared. The medication has been discontinued. The state of health and working capacity improved, began to move more, shortness of breath disappeared.

Claims (4)

1. A device for introducing a heated gas mixture into the oral cavity, containing a gas pipeline, a gas mixture heater in the form of a heat exchanger, an inhalation valve, an exhalation valve and a means for ensuring the introduction of a heated gas mixture into the oral cavity, characterized in that the gas pipeline, the inhalation valve and the heat exchanger are made made of polyvinyl chloride, while the heat exchanger is equipped with a heat-insulating cover. 2. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the means for ensuring the introduction of a heated gas mixture into the oral cavity is made in the form of a tip with a rigid part for clamping with teeth, on which an exhalation valve is installed. 3. The device according to claim. 2, characterized in that the tip is provided with a part of an elastic material for insertion into the larynx, narrowed at the end into a cone. 4. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the means for ensuring the introduction of a heated gas mixture into the oral cavity is made in the form of a mask with a valve box and an exhalation valve.

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