RU202114U1 - BUILDING ELEMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

This utility model relates to the building materials industry and concerns two-layer structural and heat-insulating building blocks or slabs that can be used in the construction of various buildings and structures. The technical result consists in increasing the strength characteristics. The building element is formed from two layers of concrete, one of which is the face layer and the other is the load-bearing layer. The front layer is made of expanded clay concrete containing a mixture of cement, expanded clay, sand, water with the addition of a plasticizer and a coloring pigment, and the carrier layer is made of reinforced foam concrete containing a mixture of cement, sand, water with the addition of a foaming agent, plasticizer and fiber fibers.

Description

This utility model relates to the building materials industry and concerns building elements, namely two-layer structural and heat-insulating building blocks or slabs, which can be used in the construction of various buildings and structures.

Known is a multi-layer concrete building block containing a face layer, concrete building layers and a heat-insulating layer located between them. These building layers are connected by bridges, penetrating the heat-insulating layer and made in the form of metal and plastic rods, and a chamfer is made along the perimeter of the face layer. The front layer is made of a mixture of cement, expanded clay, sand and water with the addition of a plasticizer and a coloring pigment to the mixture, and the building layers are made of foam concrete or expanded clay foam concrete containing a mixture of cement, expanded clay, sand, water with the addition of a foaming agent, and the thermal insulation layer is made of expanded polystyrene ( patent RU 2208102 C1, filing date 17.12.2001, published 10.07.2003).

The disadvantages of the known multilayer building block include the complexity of the block manufacturing process associated with the stage-by-stage pouring of layers, and the possibility of admitting technological errors in this case (at the time of preparing mixtures, pouring, drying). In addition, the front surface of the known block requires additional refinement (chamfering, applying the finishing color).

There is also known a multilayer building block comprising a front layer, concrete building layers and a heat-insulating layer located between them. In this case, the concrete construction layers are connected by rods penetrating the heat-insulating layer and made in the form of fiberglass rods, while the front layer is made of a mixture of gray or white cement, expanded clay, sand and water with the addition of a plasticizer and a coloring pigment to the mixture, and along the perimeter of the front layer is made chamfer (patent RU 2208101 C1, filing date 12/17/2001, published 03/10/2003).

A feature of the manufacturing technology of the known building block is the use of four layers of materials with very different thermal, hygroscopic, heat and sound insulation properties. These layers in different temperature modes during operation behave in accordance with the physical characteristics of the constituent materials (compression, expansion, viscosity), "conflicting" with each other, therefore, during the production process it is difficult to track the thickness, density and adhesion of all poured layers of the mixture, which as a , leads to unsatisfactory strength characteristics.

A two-layer facing building element is known in the form of a concrete wall monolithic body with a facing layer, while quartz sand and expanded clay are used as a fine aggregate for the material of the building layer, crushed expanded clay gravel is used as a coarse aggregate, and the facing layer includes Portland cement and water (patent RU 2311514 C2, filing date June 31, 2006, published November 27, 2007).

The disadvantage of the known two-layer facing building element is the low strength characteristics of the resulting building element, due to its constituent components.

As the closest technical solution, a two-layer building wall element was chosen, containing an outer face layer of reinforced expanded clay concrete and an inner layer of unreinforced structural heat-insulating foam concrete (application for invention RU 2000121324 A, filing date 08.08.2000, published on 20.07.2002. ).

The main disadvantage of the closest analogue, as well as of the known two-layer concrete building elements, is the low strength characteristics due to the lack of reinforcement of the bearing layer, which leads to the formation of a non-monolithic building element that is unstable to various loads.

The objective of this utility model is to create a two-layer building element with cladding, in which the front (finishing, outer, facing, decorative) layer and the bearing (building, inner) layer are combined into a monolithic product with high accuracy of obtaining the specified dimensions and shape.

The technical problem, the solution of which is provided by the claimed utility model, is the creation of a new building element that provides high reliability and long service life of the building element.

The technical result obtained when using the claimed utility model is to increase the strength of the building element.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the building element is formed of two layers, one of which is the front layer and is made of expanded clay concrete, and the second is a bearing layer and is made of foam concrete, according to the utility model, the front layer is made of expanded clay concrete containing a mixture of cement, expanded clay, sand, water with the addition of a plasticizer and a coloring pigment, and the carrier layer is made of reinforced foam concrete containing a mixture of cement, sand, water with the addition of a foaming agent, plasticizer and fiber fibers.

The technical problem was solved by the development of a layered building element formed from two layers of concrete - front and load-bearing. In this case, the front layer is made of expanded clay concrete, which is not reinforced, and the supporting layer is made of reinforced foam concrete containing fiber fibers as a reinforcing material. An increase in strength characteristics is ensured by the experimentally found combination of two concretes in a building element (block, slab, etc.), forming a composite monolithic element, which ensures its strength (resistance to various loads).

The present utility model is illustrated by images (Fig. 1-4), an example of a building element on which, however, is not the only possible one, but clearly demonstrate the possibility of achieving the claimed technical result. At the same time, the given examples of implementation of the claimed utility model do not limit the possibilities of its implementation and are not exhaustive. FIG. 1 shows a building element in section, FIG. 2, 3 - photographs of variants of the finished product in the form of a wall building block with different texture of the front layers, Fig. 4 - a variant of the scheme for laying building blocks.

According to the utility model, the building element is formed from two layers of concrete, one of which is the face layer 1, and the second is the bearing layer 2 (Figs. 1-3). The front layer 1 is made of expanded clay concrete containing a mixture of cement, expanded clay, sand, water with the addition of a plasticizer and a coloring pigment. The carrier layer 2 is made of reinforced foam concrete containing a mixture of cement, sand, water with the addition of a foaming agent, plasticizer and fiber fibers. In this case, carboxyl, PVA-MB glue, PVA dispersion or dibutyl phthalate can be used as a plasticizer. As a foaming agent, a protein (protein) foaming agent or a synthetic foaming agent can be used.

In the manufacture of layers 1 and 2, cement grade B 32.5 (M 400), B 42.5 (M 500) or B52.5 (M 600) can be used. The particle size of expanded clay can be 5-10 mm (M500 - M550) or 10-20 mm (M400 - M450). The thickness of the face layer can be 5-50 mm, and the thickness of the carrier layer can be 150-400 mm. In this case, according to the utility model, polypropylene fiber, polyamide fiber or basalt fiber can be used as fiber.

FIG. 1 shows one of the embodiments of a building element, in accordance with which it is a body (for example, in the form of a parallelepiped) of two layers 1 and 2. The front layer 1 is made of expanded clay concrete containing a mixture of cement, expanded clay with a grain size of 5-10 mm , sand with a fraction of 3-5 mm, water with the addition of a carboxyl plasticizer and a coloring pigment. Layer thickness 1 - 20 mm.

The carrier layer 2 is made of reinforced foam concrete containing a mixture of cement, sand with a fraction of 3-5 mm, water with the addition of a protein (protein) foaming agent, a PVA dispersion plasticizer and polypropylene fiber fibers. Layer thickness 2 - 400 mm. FIG. 2 shows a building element, where the reinforcing element of layer 3 is basalt fiber, and FIG. 3 - polyamide fiber.

The claimed building element can be manufactured as follows.

At the first stage, the front layer of the element (block or slab) is made, the so-called "facing". The materials of the forms for preparing the 5 front part of the block can be plastic, wood, metal. The texture of the "facing" at the request of the customer can be varied: "natural stone", "brick", etc. (see Fig. 2-4). The use of various coloring pigments gives a wide choice of colors in the facing (Fig. 2 and 3).

The process of manufacturing the front layer of the element: the form is installed on a vibrating table, filled with the prepared mixture. The mixture contains ingredients: cement (white / gray is used), water, expanded clay, sand (it is permissible to use different fractions), plasticizer (binding agent), color pigment.

In the process of vibration, the "face mix" shrinks. For better bonding of the mixture of the carrier layer with the face, various anchors can be fixed in the form of a cladding.

The second stage - prepared fiber-reinforced concrete is fed into the prepared formwork by a pump from the hopper. The foam is prepared in foam generators by combining an aqueous solution and organic or mineral foaming agents. To solve the problem of the heterogeneity of the block structure, and as a result, to significantly improve the quality of the finished product, special reinforcing additives - fibers (polypropylene; polyamide; basalt) are introduced into the composition of foam concrete products.

For the mortar to harden, a certain time is required, after which the formwork is removed.

At the final stage, a two-layer warm block with lining is prepared for shipment to the consumer (stacked on pallets, packed, tied)

After manufacturing, the building element is ready for installation on any supporting surface, as well as for the beginning of its operation in any weather conditions.

The high strength characteristics of the declared building element can be confirmed by the test report, which are given in the Table. The tests were carried out on a testing machine MS-1000, factory # 264.

Table.

Standardized concrete strength characteristics Sample characteristics Test results Actual strength
concrete batch, R _m MPa Concrete design class Required strength, R _t MPa Weight,
r Dimensions, cm Breaking load, kN Strength
sample reduced to base size, MPa Unit value of strength in series R _i MPa 785 10 * 10 * 10 35 2.66 755 10 * 10 * 10 thirty 2.28 2.46 1.5 2.15 770 10 * 10 * 10 32 2.43 2.36 765 10 * 10 * 10 29 2.20 775 10 * 10 * 10 28 2.13 2.25 770 10 * 10 * 10 32 2.43

Thus, the actual strength of concrete in a batch Rm = 2.36 MPa is higher than the required strength of 2.15 MPa. The minimum unit value of strength Rj = 2.25 MPa, which is more than the standardized concrete strength class (1.5).

Claims (1)

A building element formed from two layers, one of which is the front layer and is made of expanded clay concrete, and the second is a supporting layer and is made of foam concrete, characterized in that the front layer is made of expanded clay concrete containing a mixture of cement, expanded clay, sand, water with the addition of plasticizer and coloring pigment, and the carrier layer is made of reinforced foam concrete containing a mixture of cement, sand, water with the addition of a foaming agent, plasticizer and fiber fibers.

Images