RU2019105982A - STAND FOR TESTS OF DEVICES DAMPING EXPLOSION WAVE IN ACCIDENT AT EXPLOSIVE OBJECT - Google Patents

Claims (10)

1. A stand for testing devices that dampen a blast wave in an accident at an explosive facility, containing a monitoring system with processing the received information about the hazardous area for making a decision on preventing an emergency, a model of an explosive facility is installed in the test box, and along its inner and outer perimeters, video cameras for video surveillance of the development of an emergency situation in an accident at an explosive facility, which is simulated by installing an explosive fragmentation element with an explosion initiator in the model, while the video cameras are explosion-proof, and the outputs from the video cameras through the inner cavity of the spacers are connected to the block through which the recording and registration of ongoing processes of changing technological parameters in the model, after which they are registered by means of a system of analyzers of the recorded oscillograms of the ongoing processes of changing technological parameters in the model the object, and an opening is made in the ceiling of the model, which is closed with an explosion-proof element installed in a loose fit on three elastic pins, one end, each of which is rigidly fixed in the ceiling of the model, and on the second, a horizontal crossbar is attached between the explosive fragmentation element and opening, install a three-coordinate pressure sensor in an explosion-proof design, the output of which is connected to the input of the recording and recording equipment unit, and on both sides of the pressure sensor there are temperature and humidity sensors that control the thermal and humidity regime in the layout, the outputs of which are also connected to the input of the recording and recording unit equipment, and the internal and external surfaces of the model fences are pasted over with strain gauges, the outputs of which are also connected to the input of the recording and recording equipment unit, after processing the obtained experimental data, an information database is formed on the development of an emergency at an explosive facility, and make up a mathematical model that predicts the prevention of an emergency in an accident at an explosive facility, an explosion-proof element located in the ceiling of the model, where the opening is made, and which is installed in a loose fit on three elastic pins, is additionally equipped with damping elements that soften the impact of a shock wave during an explosion, and is fixed on the horizontal crossbeams from the side facing the opening, while the damping elements are made of elastomer, and an inductive displacement sensor is installed between the ceiling part of the model and the damping elements, recording the dynamics of movement of the explosion-proof element during an explosion, the signal from which through the communication line is sent to the block of recording and recording equipment, the output of which is connected to the block of analyzers of the recorded oscillograms of the ongoing processes of changing technological parameters in the model of an explosive object, after processing the obtained experimental data form an information database on the development of an emergency in an accident at an explosive facility, and compose a mathematical model that predicts the prevention of an emergency in an accident at an explosive facility, at least two explosion-proof destructible structures are placed in the side walls of the model to protect especially dangerous industrial objects in which there are no window openings, and each of which consists of reinforced concrete panels consisting of destructible and non-destructible parts, and the non-destructive part is performed along the contour of the panel, and the destructible part is made in the form of at least two coaxially located niches, one of which, the outer one is formed by the planes of a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, and the other - the inner one, is made in the form of two inclined surfaces connected by an edge, and on the inclined surfaces of the collapsing part of the panel, a strain gauge ry fixing the deformation and the moment of their destruction, while the signal from the strain resistors is sent through the communication line to the unit of recording and recording equipment, the output of which is connected to the unit of analyzers of the recorded oscillograms of the ongoing processes of changing technological parameters in the model of an explosive object, after processing the obtained experimental data form an information database on the development of an emergency in an accident at an explosive facility, and make up a mathematical model predicting the prevention of an emergency in an accident at an explosive facility, characterized in that between the additional damping elements and the metal frame with armored metal sheathing, bushings are installed on the support rods made of a rapidly disintegrating material, for example glass, of the "triplex" type, and a strain gauge is installed between the additional element and the bushing made of a rapidly disintegrating material to register the breaking pressure of the glass bushing and of the "triplex" type, the signal from which is sent through the communication line 34 to the block of recording and recording equipment, the output of which is connected to the block of analyzers of the recorded oscillograms of the ongoing processes of changing technological parameters in the model of the explosive object. 2. A stand for testing devices that damp a blast wave in an accident at an explosive facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, from the side facing the opening for fixing the limiting position of the explosion-proof element, a damping plate is attached, to which, opposite to the explosion-proof element and in the direction of the shock wave, a buffer device is attached, which is made in the form of a cone, the top of which is located on the axis of the opening. 3. A stand for testing devices that damp a blast wave in an accident at an explosive facility according to claim 1, characterized in that a flammable liquid is used as an explosion initiator - acetone, the calculation of the required amount of which to create a stoichiometric concentration in an explosion chamber, which is a metal a vessel with a volume of 500 ÷ 1000 cm ³ with a wall thickness of 7 ÷ 8 mm is determined by the formula

where M is the molecular weight of the liquid; V _K is the volume of the explosive chamber, l; V _B is the volume of air required for complete combustion of one molecule of combustible liquid, l.

where P _bar is barometric pressure, mm Hg. Art .; Vo = 22.4 l - the volume of a gram-molecule of air at 0 ° C and a pressure of 760 mm Hg. Art., volume (cm ³ ) of combustible liquid

where ρ is the density of the liquid, g / cm ³ .