RU2018377C1 - Electric-to-mechanical pulse converter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cleaning of various surfaces. SUBSTANCE: converter has inducer and member for transmission of force disposed adjacent to working surface of inducer and composed of flat parts located within flexible enclosure, which is fixed relative to working surface of inducer. EFFECT: increased efficiency in cleaning surfaces and enhanced reliability in operation. 4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the cleaning of various surfaces and containers and, in particular, to devices for cleaning surfaces from various deposits by applying mechanical vibrations to them, and more particularly to converters of electrical impulses into mechanical ones.

 The invention can be used in various sectors of the economy, including in the mining industry and in transport, for example, for cleaning bunkers, trolleys of material remaining on their walls. In addition, the invention can be used in aviation to protect the outer surfaces of aircraft.

 A known converter of electrical impulses into mechanical ones, containing a flat inductor located in the housing, leads for connecting to a source of electrical impulses located on the side of the inductor’s working surface is a power-transmitting element of conductive material having at least one degree of freedom [1].

 The disadvantage of this Converter is the flat shape of the power-transmitting element, significantly limiting the scope. Obviously, such a converter can be successfully used for flat surfaces of thin-walled structural elements or for the processing of bulk and fluid materials. If it is necessary to influence the surface curvature, the efficiency will be sharply reduced due to the occurrence of an uneven gap, leading to deformation of the power-transmitting element and, as a result, to the loss of the electromechanical effect. At the same time, in the technique there are many cases where the transducers must act on cylindrical, spherical, parabolic and similar curved surfaces of small curvature, which are preferred, first of all, in the manufacture of various containers and vehicles for which removal of deposits is relevant. Among them are the surfaces of tanks, bunkers, trolleys, cyclones and the like. The surfaces of aircraft and watercraft are also curved.

 The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the scope while increasing efficiency.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that in the converter of electrical impulses into mechanical ones, containing a flat inductor located in the housing, leads for connecting to a source of electrical impulses located on the side of the inductor’s working surface are a power-transmitting element made of electrically conductive material, the power-transmitting element is made up of flat segments and is enclosed in a flat shell of flexible material, which is stationary relative to the working surface of the inductor.

 With this device, the mutual mobility of the individual parts of the power-transmitting element is ensured, due to which the latter, being flat at the moment of the electric pulse arriving at the converter and performing the function of creating an electrodynamic effect, adapts to the shape of the surface of the structure with which it interacts. In this case, only a flexible shell is deformed, which does not participate in the active process and does not affect its result. Due to the presence of a flexible shell, a uniform fit of the segments of the power-transmitting element to the structure is ensured and the deformation of the power-transmitting element is excluded. This leads to increased efficiency due to the exclusion of the influence of the shape of the processed surface on the conversion efficiency. Moreover, the proposed converter can be used for processing surfaces having a non-planar shape. The presence of a flexible shell does not deprive the segments of the degree of freedom, since in case of super-acceleration of the segments that arise as a result of the electrodynamic interaction of the inductor with the segment, the flexible shell does not significantly resist their movement.

 Since the mass of each segment is less than the mass of the whole plate of the power-transmitting element overlapping the surface of the inductor in the known transducer, each segment receives a higher acceleration, which significantly increases the efficiency of exposure to individual zones of the treated surface.

 Segments can be made in the form of flat rings arranged concentrically. Such a converter is most expediently used for processing spherical surfaces and for uneven flat surfaces of small curvature.

 Segments can be made in the form of many parallel stripes. It is advisable to use such a converter for processing cylindrical and conical surfaces of small curvature, arranging strips along generatrices.

 Segments can be made in the form of radially spaced stripes. Such a converter can be used for processing conical and parabolic surfaces, as well as for other irregular curved surfaces.

 In FIG. 1 - converter of electrical impulses into mechanical ones, general view; in FIG. 2 - the same, a top view with a pullout; in FIG. 3 - design option of the proposed Converter, a top view with a breakout; in FIG. 4 is another embodiment of a converter design, a top view with a pullout.

 The converter of electrical pulses into mechanical ones (Fig. 1, 2) is made in the form of an inductor 1 having a plastic housing 2, in which a coil 3 is placed in the form of flat turns connected to terminal 4, 5 for connecting the inductor to the source (shaper) of electrical pulses (not shown). The coil 3 is filled with a compound 6. It is possible to carry out an inductor 1 without a separate housing 2, while the coil and terminals are filled with a compound 6 in a special form. The inductor 1 has a means for securing it relative to the work surface, for example, on a bracket (not shown).

 The converter has a power-transmitting element located on the side of the working surface of the inductor 1 (the surface adjacent to the coil 3 and designed to interact with the treated surface). The power transmitting element is made integral in the form of segments 7-9, which in this case (Fig. 2) are flat concentric rings enclosed in a flat flexible shell 10. Segments 7-9 are made of electrically conductive material (mainly copper or aluminum), and flexible shell 10 - from a material with sufficient ductility. This material may be elastic, for example, in the form of an elastomer (rubber, foam elastomer and the like), flexible (polyvinyl chloride, plastic compound and the like) or ductile, for example, lead. In any case, the shell material 10 should not impede the free movement of the segments 7-9 relative to each other and relative to the inductor 1, which is quite possible, given the high and ultrahigh accelerations obtained by the segments during the electrodynamic interaction of the power-transmitting element with the inductor.

 The shell 10 forms on the side opposite the working surface of the inductor 1, a protective layer 11 having a thickness t, which may be 1-2 mm This layer not only protects the segments 7-9 of the power-transmitting element from damage and corrosion, but also ensures the automatic creation of a gap between the power-transmitting segments and the treated surface, as well as compensation for local irregularities. The implementation of the protective layer 11 is not necessary and is dictated by the features of the specific application of the Converter.

 Presented in FIG. 1, 2, the structure can be made by pouring segments 7-9 into the material of the shell 10. The shell is then fixed to the housing 2 of the inductor 1, as shown in FIG. 1 (for example, using the flange of the housing 2 and the mating groove of the shell 10). Other methods of attaching the shell 10 to the housing 2 of the inductor 1 can be used.

 As shown in FIG. 3, the segments of the power-transmitting element are made in the form of many parallel strips 12-15, which are thin plates. In FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a converter design in which the segments of the power transmitting element are radially spaced flat stripes 16 in the form of thin plates.

 The Converter (Fig. 1, 2) works as follows. The converter is fixed relative to the surface to be treated, for example, using a bracket (not shown) so that the protective layer is in contact with the surface to be treated. In the absence of a protective layer, a small gap is left between the surface of segments 7-9 and the surface to be treated. Conclusions 4-5 are connected to an electric pulse shaper (not shown), which generates single pulses with a certain amplitude, duration and repetition rate, depending on the features of the surface treatment.

 When an electric pulse arrives at coil 3, the electric field of this coil interacts with a power-transmitting element, namely, segments 7-9, which move under the action of the arising electrodynamic effect with high acceleration.

 This design option can be used not only with an uneven flat surface. A transducer with ring segments 7–9 is most suitable for processing spherical or parabolic surfaces of small curvature.

 The embodiment shown in FIG. 3, works in a similar way. This converter is most suitable for use on cylindrical, parabolic and similar surfaces (for example, for cleaning bins, trolleys, tanks and the like), while the strips are oriented along the generatrix of the surface.

 The embodiment shown in FIG. 4 also works in a similar way and is mainly used for conical, parabolic and similar surfaces.

 In all the described design variants, the efficiency is increased not only due to the fact that the minimum uniform clearance between the power-transmitting segments is 7-9; 12-15; 16 and the treated surface. Efficiency is also improved due to the fact that each segment has a lower mass than a solid transmitting element, as a result of which it receives a higher acceleration. This increases the energy effect on individual sections of the treated surface.

Claims (4)

 1. A CONVERTER OF ELECTRIC PULSES INTO MECHANICAL, comprising a flat inductor and terminals for connecting to a source of electrical impulses, as well as a power-transmitting element made of conductive material located on the side of the inductor’s surface, characterized in that, in order to expand operational characteristics by providing the possibility of excitation of mechanical pulses in non-planar solids, the power-transmitting element is made of composite flat elements and is enclosed in a flexible a shell.  2. The Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat elements are made in the form of concentric rings.  3. The Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat elements are made in the form of parallel stripes.  4. The Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat elements are made in the form of radially arranged strips.

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