RU201813U1 - Anesthesia training simulator in dentistry - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is intended for teaching students and young professionals the skills of various types of anesthesia. The simulator consists of a model of the oral cavity covered with materials that simulate human soft tissues with built-in plate electrodes that register the correct installation of the injection needle simulator electrode, as well as cylindrical electrodes that blood vessels. Each electrode is connected to a unit for recording the states of electrodes and sensors. The simulator contains an injector (syringe) simulator with a needle simulator electrode. The injector (syringe) simulator is equipped with spatial position sensors and a syringe piston position sensor. All electrodes and sensors of the simulator of the injector (syringe) are connected to the unit for recording the states of the electrodes and sensors. The unit for recording the states of the electrodes and sensors during the exercise monitors the presence of contact of the electrodes of the needle installation with the needle - the electrode of the simulator of the injector (syringe). The absence of contact of the imitation electrodes with the needle - the electrode of the simulator of the injector (syringe) is also monitored. The unit for registering the states of the electrodes has the ability to display on its interface light, sound and textographic information about the current state of the needle installation sensors, blood vessel imitation sensors, sensors of the spatial position of the instrument (syringe) and the piston position sensor. When this unit is connected to a personal computer, information about the state of the sensors during the exercise of anesthesia can be presented to the user in a form suitable for further analysis of possible errors made.

Description

The utility model relates to medical simulators in the field of dentistry and can be used to train students and young professionals in the skills of various types of anesthesia in dentistry.

Known "Injection dental simulator", presented in the form of spring-loaded occlusal pads located on the cylindrical body for fixing the cartridge syringe with scales for measuring the depth of needle penetration into the tissue and turning the needle in the horizontal and vertical planes (utility model patent No. RU 71880 U1, IPC A61C19 / 00, publ. 03/27/2008).

The disadvantages of this technical solution are: the lack of anatomical landmarks when imitating the process of manipulation, the lack of a full-fledged anatomical model, the lack of automated control of the manipulation process, the inability to practice the skills of anesthesia in the upper jaw, the impossibility of carrying out such stages of anesthesia as the injection and advancement of the needle in soft tissues, the inability to simulate an aspiration test.

Known utility model "Dental module", containing mounted on a rigid basis models of the upper and lower jaw with alveolar processes, gums and dentition, in which the teeth are removable, and in the alveolar processes of the upper and lower jaws, holes are made corresponding to each tooth (patent for utility model No. RU 147612 U1, IPC G09B23 / 28, publ. 10.11.2014).

The disadvantages of this technical solution are: the lack of imitation of the anatomical structures of the maxillofacial region, in particular the soft tissues and organs of the upper and lower jaw, the lack of automated control of the anesthesia process.

Known invention "Dental phantom", consisting of a model of the head and the lower jaw, connected in the open mouth position, with alveolar processes having a groove-like depression in the middle, which is made along the course of the dentition. The head model and the lower jaw are covered with elastic material. Using a tripod, the phantom is attached to the dental chair (patent for invention No. SU 1337910 A1, IPC G09B 23/28, publ. 09/15/1987).

The disadvantages of this invention are: the need to periodically replace the consumables (elastic coating) during the operation of the simulator, the lack of automated control of the anesthesia process and, as a consequence, the impossibility of carrying out and controlling the manipulations stated in the patent description at all stages.

Known "Dental phantom" containing simulators of the upper and lower jaws with segments with a rigid base, having a base and alveolar processes, natural teeth after extraction, fixed by roots in the base, an artificial gum made of elastomer, elements for attaching segments to simulators (patent for invention No. RU 2349966 C1 G09 23/28, publ. 03/20/2009). The disadvantages of this invention are: the absence of organs and structures of the maxillofacial region to create a full-fledged imitation as close as possible to the real anatomical landmarks, the impossibility of training for most types of anesthesia when using automated control of manipulation, the absence of instrument position sensors.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed technical solution is a dental phantom, presented in the form of a human torso with a phantom of the head, characterized in that the aspiration sample is monitored when a container with a liquid content is pierced, magnetic sensors are used to control the position of the syringe simulator (patent for invention No. RU 2691846 C1, G09B 23/28, publ. 06/18/2019).

However, the proposed solution lacks instructions on methods and means of automatic registration of results and errors in the student's actions during training manipulation. Also, during the operation of the simulator, containers made of elastomer with liquid contents are used to simulate the aspiration test. There is also no indication of the minimum number of workouts for these containers. It is logical to assume that the service life of these containers is limited by the properties of the elastomer used, and when this resource is exhausted, it will be impossible to work out the exercises for conducting an aspiration test, and the containers must be replaced.

The purpose of the proposed device (utility model) is to create a dental simulator that has the closest to natural imitation of tissues and the implementation of the function of automated control of training manipulations with the possibility of subsequent assessment of the quality of the practiced skills of anesthesia, with the possibility of analyzing the mistakes made during the manipulation.

The technical problem posed is solved due to the fact that in the simulator for practicing the skills of conducting anesthesia in dentistry, including a model of the oral cavity covered with materials imitating human soft tissues with built-in electrodes connected to a unit for registering the states of electrodes and sensors, each electrode recording the correct installation needle, consists of one conductive plate, fixing contact with the electrode of the simulator of the injector (syringe), the simulator also contains cylindrical electrodes that simulate blood vessels and are installed in a material simulating muscle tissue, while the cylindrical electrodes are installed with the ability to register the absence contact with the needle - the electrode of the injector simulator (syringe), which, in turn, is equipped with spatial position sensors and a syringe piston position sensor, and the injector simulator electrode with these sensors is connected to the register unit state of the electrodes, which is installed with the ability to display on its interface light, sound and text-graphic information about the current state of the needle installation sensors, blood vessel simulation sensors, spatial position sensors of the instrument and the piston position sensor, as well as with the ability to connect to a personal computer.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by an image showing a diagram of the utility model, indicating the following functional units:

1 - model of the upper and lower jaw or model (cast) of the skull;

2 - imitation of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity from a homogeneous plastic mass;

3 - imitation of muscle tissue from a plastic bulk material;

4 - plate electrodes of the required area to register contact with the instrument needle in the area of anesthesia;

5 - cylindrical electrodes for registering contact with the instrument needle, imitating vessels in muscle tissue;

6 - the body of the simulator of the tool (syringe);

7 - electrode that simulates the needle of the instrument;

8 - sensor / sensors that record the spatial position of the tool;

9 - sensor registering the position of the piston of the tool (syringe);

10 - unit for registering contacts of electrodes and processing information about the current position and state of the tool;

11 - indicators and control elements of the registration unit functions;

12 - personal computer with special software.

The simulator for practicing the skills of conducting anesthesia in dentistry is a phantom consisting of:

- Models of the upper and lower jaw or an impression of the skull (1) with plate electrodes (4) attached to its surface and imitation of muscles (3). Muscle imitation (3) contains cylindrical electrodes (5) imitating vessels in its volume. Electrodes (4) and (5) are separately connected to the registration unit (10). On the electrodes (4) and imitation of muscles (3) and electrodes for imitation of vessels (5), after installation on the model of the jaws (1), they are fixed using a plastic material for imitation of mucous membranes (2).

- The simulator of the instrument (syringe) consists of a body (6), a needle electrode (7), sensors for the spatial position of the instrument (8) and the position of the piston (9). Sensors (8), (9) and electrode (7) are connected to the registration unit (10).

- A unit for registering contacts of electrodes and processing information about the current position and state of the instrument, with electrodes (4), (5) and (7) connected to it, sensors (8) and (9). The registration unit contains indicators and control elements (11) of functions and parameters for displaying information about the state and sequence of contacts of electrodes (4) and (5) with an electrode (7), as well as data on the spatial position of sensors (8) and (9) ... The registration unit can be connected to a personal computer (12) with special software for displaying and managing information displayed on the indicators (11) of the unit (10). Connecting the unit (10) to a personal computer is optional and does not affect the functioning of the simulator for practicing the skills of anesthesia in dentistry.

- A personal computer with special software (12) connected to the unit for registering contacts and processing information about the current position and state of the tool (10). The lack of connection of the unit (10) with the personal computer (12) does not affect the functioning of the simulator.

Description of the simulator design:

All connections in the image are indicated at the logical level, the specific data transmission medium is determined by the final technical solutions used in the specific implementation of this utility model for the finished product (simulator).

The design and shape of the electrodes (4), (5) and their number are determined by the final shapes of the model of the upper and lower jaw or an impression of the skull (1), which is used in a particular implementation of this utility model for a finished product (simulator). The shape and location of the electrodes (4) and (5) as well as the shape and location of the imitation of muscle tissue (3) must correspond to the topoanatomical location in which the anesthetic is injected. Electrodes (4), (5) and imitation of muscle tissue (3) are reliably fixed on the model (1), including with the help of a plastic homogeneous mass imitating mucous membranes (2). Simulation of the mucous membrane (2) can be partially performed on the model (1). With this approach of using a plastic homogeneous mass (2), the electrodes are hidden from observation by the student, after the training, the elimination of traces of the installation of the needle simulator (7) on the surface of the imitation of mucous membranes (2) (puncture marks) is possible without the use of special means, devices, substances or replacement parts of the coating material to a new one. It is also worth noting that with the help of a plastic mass (2) in the simulated area of the head and oral cavity, it is possible to create anatomical and pathological features that are found in real medical practice, with their subsequent removal and restoration of the original forms of imitation of the head and oral cavity.

The shape and weight of the syringe simulator is as close as possible to real instruments (general medical syringes, carpool equipment) used in existing dental practice. The design of the electrode of the instrument simulating the needle (7), the spatial position sensors (8) and the piston position sensors (9) are determined by the final forms of the tool (syringe) model when implementing this utility model for the finished product (simulator). The implementation of sensors (8) and (9) can be carried out on the existing elemental base of electronic components and does not present technical difficulties.

The design and appearance of the unit for registering electrodes contacts and processing information about the current position and state of the tool (10), the type and number of indicators and control elements of the unit (11) are determined when implementing this utility model for a finished product (simulator). The schematic solution of the registration unit is carried out on the existing element base of electronic components and presents no technical difficulties.

The presence of a personal computer during the operation of the simulator and its technical characteristics are determined during the implementation of this utility model for the finished product (simulator), and are generally available.

Description of the simulator operation:

The location and number of electrodes of the anesthesia area (4), the presence of imitation of muscle tissue (3) with installed imitation vascular electrodes (5) during the operation of the final product (simulator) can be adjusted for a certain set of skills by the user - independently.

During training, the student must coordinate the movements of his hands, holding the simulator of the tool by the body (6), so that the electrode simulating the needle of the tool (7), in general, becomes electrically connected to the electrode (4). Before starting the exercise, information about the current state of the instrument (syringe) is interpreted by block (10) and is fixed as the zero point of the spatial reference. After that, block (10) switches to the exercise data recording mode. In this mode, the unit (10) records data on linear and angular displacements received from the tool position sensors (8), information from the piston position sensors (9) and searches for the presence of an electrical contact of the electrodes (4) and (5) with an electrode simulating tool needle (7). Registration of these data is performed in the built-in memory of the unit (10), taking into account the time of such events. Based on the received data on the state of electrodes (4), (5), (7) and sensors (8), (9), the registration unit (10) displays information on the built-in indicators (11), and if there is a connection with a personal computer (12 ) and into its I / O port. The information received by the computer (12) can be processed by special software and presented to the user in the form of tables, graphs, visualization of 3D models and in another convenient form - for the subsequent analysis of the data obtained. The simulator also provides a type of training, for which blood vessel damage is monitored and an aspiration test is performed. In this case, to register the successful completion of the exercise, the absence of electrical contact of the needle imitation electrode (7) with the vessel imitation electrode (5) is additionally monitored, as well as the registration of the sequence of movement of the instrument piston towards the suction side from the sensor (8). Thus, the user (teacher) has the opportunity, additionally, based on the technically obtained data, to record the fact of the aspiration test by the student.

The claimed technical solution makes it possible to carry out a variety of different training exercises for anesthesia in dentistry, with automatic registration of the results of the training manipulations and the ability to subsequently evaluate the technique of their implementation in order to identify possible mistakes made during the exercise. Also, the claimed technical solution allows you to quickly and without the use of special tools and materials to simulate the anatomical features of the structure of the oral cavity, and the use of plastic materials to simulate soft tissues and simple design electrodes allows to ensure a long service life of the simulator for practicing the skills of anesthesia in dentistry. The proposed technical solution also takes into account the weight and size parameters of injectors used in modern dental practice.

Claims (1)

A simulator for practicing the skills of conducting anesthesia in dentistry, including a model of the oral cavity covered with materials imitating human soft tissues with built-in electrodes connected to a unit for recording the states of electrodes and sensors, characterized in that each electrode that records the correct installation of the needle consists of one conductive of the plate that fixes contact with the electrode of the simulator of the injector, the simulator also contains cylindrical electrodes that simulate blood vessels and are installed in a material simulating muscle tissue, while the cylindrical electrodes are installed with the ability to register the absence of contact with the needle - the electrode of the simulator of the injector, which , in turn, is equipped with spatial position sensors and a syringe piston position sensor, and the electrode of the injector simulator with these sensors is connected to a unit for recording the states of the electrodes, which has the ability to Displaying on its interface light, sound and textographic information about the current state of the needle installation sensors, electrodes imitating blood vessels, sensors of the spatial position of the instrument and the piston position sensor, as well as with the ability to connect to a personal computer.

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