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RU2018131360A - Катализатор для окисления аммиака - Google Patents

Катализатор для окисления аммиака Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2018131360A
RU2018131360A RU2018131360A RU2018131360A RU2018131360A RU 2018131360 A RU2018131360 A RU 2018131360A RU 2018131360 A RU2018131360 A RU 2018131360A RU 2018131360 A RU2018131360 A RU 2018131360A RU 2018131360 A RU2018131360 A RU 2018131360A
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RU
Russia
Prior art keywords
catalyst
catalyst according
porous
scr
exhaust
Prior art date
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RU2018131360A
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English (en)
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RU2018131360A3 (ru
Inventor
Юрген БАУЭР
Стиг Микаэль ЛАРССОН
Цзин ЛУ
Original Assignee
Джонсон Мэтти Паблик Лимитед Компани
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Publication of RU2018131360A publication Critical patent/RU2018131360A/ru
Publication of RU2018131360A3 publication Critical patent/RU2018131360A3/ru

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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
    • B01J35/57—Honeycombs
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
    • F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
    • F01N2370/04—Zeolitic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/063—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction zeolites
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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Claims (22)

1. Катализатор для окисления аммиака, содержащий катализатор селективного каталитического восстановления (SCR) и композитную гетерогенную экструдированную сотовую структуру, имеющую вытянутые в продольном направлении параллельные каналы, причем данные каналы частично определены стенками каналов, имеющими общую длину в продольном направлении, где стенки каналов выполнены в виде пористой структуры, включающей периодическое расположение пористых ячеек, встроенных в неорганический матричный компонент, при том, что по меньшей мере некоторые из пористых ячеек определены по меньшей мере частично активным промежуточным слоем каталитически активного материала, содержащего благородный металл, нанесенный на частицах материала носителя носителя.
2. Катализатор по п. 1, где пористые ячейки в периодическом расположении взаимосвязаны посредством окон между ячейками, причем данные окна определяются макропорами.
3. Катализатор по п. 1, где пористые ячейки в периодическом расположении по существу не взаимосвязаны посредством окон между ячейками.
4. Катализатор по п. 1, 2 или 3, где материал носителя для нанесения благородного металла содержит оксид церия, диоксид титана, кристаллическое молекулярное сито, глинозем, диоксид циркония, смешанный оксид оксида церия и диоксида циркония или смесь любых двух или более этих компонентов.
5. Катализатор по любому предшествующему пункту, где отдельные частицы материала носителя взаимно соединены в активном промежуточном слое.
6. Катализатор по любому предшествующему пункту, где нанесенным благородным металлом является металл платиновой группы, золото или серебро.
7. Катализатор по п. 6, где металлом платиновой группы является платина, палладий или как платина, так и палладий.
8. Катализатор по любому предшествующему пункту, где катализатор селективного каталитического восстановления (SCR) представлен в виде покрытия из пористого оксида (washcoat), покрывающего по меньшей мере часть общей длины стенок каналов.
9. Катализатор по любому предшествующему пункту, где активный промежуточный слой каталитически активного материала по меньшей мере в некоторых из совокупности пористых ячеек, встроенных в матрицу, содержит смесь катализатора селективного каталитического восстановления (SCR) и благородного металла, нанесенного на материал носителя.
10. Катализатор по любому предшествующему пункту, где в совокупности пористых ячеек, встроенных в матрицу, активный промежуточный слой каталитически активного материала в первой доле этой совокупности является благородным металлом, нанесенным на материал носителя, и активный промежуточный слой каталитически активного материала во второй доле совокупности является катализатором селективного каталитического восстановления (SCR).
11. Катализатор по любому предшествующему пункту, где катализатор селективного каталитического восстановления (SCR) является кристаллическим молекулярным ситом, на которое нанесен промотор из неблагородного металла, или соединением ванадия, нанесенным на носителе, содержащим титан.
12. Катализатор по п. 11, где кристаллическое молекулярное сито является алюмосиликатным цеолитом, и нанесенный промотор из неблагородного металла представляет собой медь, железо или как медь, так и железо.
13. Катализатор по п. 12, где алюмосиликатный цеолит имеет каркасную структуру MFI, BEA, CHA, AEI, FAU, AFX или ERI.
14. Катализатор по любому предшествующему пункту, где неорганический матричный компонент содержит глиноземную фазу, силикатную фазу, фазу неорганических волокон или комбинацию любых двух или более из них.
15. Катализатор по п. 14, где силикатная фаза содержит сшитую глину и/или диатомовую землю.
16. Катализатор по любому предшествующему пункту, где неорганический матричный компонент содержит от 5 до 50% по массе катализатора.
17. Катализатор по любому предшествующему пункту, где экструдированная сотовая структура находится в форме проточного монолита.
18. Катализатор по любому из пп. 1-17, где экструдированная сотовая структура находится в форме фильтра с проточными стенками.
19. Катализатор по любому предшествующему пункту, где пористость композитной гетерогенной экструдированной сотовой структуры составляет от 40 до 80%.
20. Система выпуска отходящих газов для электростанции или двигателя внутреннего сгорания, данная система содержит впускной конец и выпускной конец, а также узел для введения аммиака или предшественника аммиака в отходящие газы, протекающие в системе выпуска отходящих газов, в направлении впускного конца от выпускного конца, где катализатор по любому из предшествующих пунктов расположен ниже по потоку от узла для введения аммиака или предшественника аммиака в отходящие газы, протекающие в системе выпуска отходящих газов.
21. Система выпуска отходящих газов по п. 19, содержащая монолитную основу, содержащую катализатор селективного каталитического восстановления (SCR), расположенную между узлом для введения аммиака или предшественника аммиака в отходящие газы, протекающие в системе выпуска отходящих газов, и катализатором по любому из пп. 1-18.
22. Транспортное средство, содержащее двигатель внутреннего сгорания и систему выпуска отходящих газов по п. 20.
RU2018131360A 2016-02-03 2017-02-03 Катализатор для окисления аммиака RU2018131360A (ru)

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