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RU2018126874A - Бензиновый фильтр твердых частиц - Google Patents

Бензиновый фильтр твердых частиц Download PDF

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RU2018126874A
RU2018126874A RU2018126874A RU2018126874A RU2018126874A RU 2018126874 A RU2018126874 A RU 2018126874A RU 2018126874 A RU2018126874 A RU 2018126874A RU 2018126874 A RU2018126874 A RU 2018126874A RU 2018126874 A RU2018126874 A RU 2018126874A
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channels
osc
catalytic
monolith
end surface
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RU2018126874A
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RU2732400C2 (ru
RU2018126874A3 (ru
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Люси КЛАУЗ
Оливер ДЕСТЕКРУА
Джон Бенджамин ГУДВИН
Майкл Энтони ХОВАРД
Фезайл ЛЭКЭДЭМИАЛИ
Сара Фрэнсис ЛОКЕТТ
Пол МИЛЛИНГТОН
Крис РОБСОН
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Джонсон Мэтти Паблик Лимитед Компани
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    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
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    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Claims (35)

1. Каталитический монолит с проточными стенками для использования в системе очистки выхлопов, где монолит содержит пористый носитель и тройной катализатор (TWC), при этом TWC распределен по существу по всему пористому носителю, и при этом TWC содержит:
(i) оксид алюминия;
(ii) один или более металлов платиновой группы; и
(iii) аккумулирующий кислород компонент (OSC),
при этом OSC содержит оксид церия или один или более смешанных оксидов, содержащих церий, и присутствует в массовом отношении OSC к оксиду алюминия от 65:35 до 85:15.
2. Каталитический монолит с проточными стенками по п.1, в котором OSC содержит оксид церия.
3. Каталитический монолит с проточными стенками по п.2, в котором OSC содержит смешанный оксид церия и циркония; смешанный оксид церия, циркония и неодима; смешанный оксид празеодима и циркония; смешанный оксид церия, циркония и празеодима; или смешанный оксид празеодима, церия, лантана, иттрия, циркония и неодима.
4. Каталитический монолит с проточными стенками по п.3, в котором OSC содержит празеодим и присутствует в количестве 2-10% масс.
5. Каталитический монолит с проточными стенками по п.3 или 4, в котором OSC содержит празеодим, и в котором первое множество каналов содержит на поверхности стенки TWC покрытие, содержащее OSC, включающий празеодим.
6. Каталитический монолит с проточными стенками по любому из предшествующих пунктов, в котором отношение по массе OSC к оксиду алюминия составляет примерно 75:25.
7. Каталитический монолит с проточными стенками по любому из предшествующих пунктов, в котором один или более металлов платиновой группы выбран из Pt, Pd и Rh или сочетания двух или более из них.
8. Каталитический монолит с проточными стенками по любому из предшествующих пунктов, в котором TWC однородно распределен по всему пористому носителю.
9. Каталитический монолит с проточными стенками по любому из предшествующих пунктов, в котором монолит имеет первую торцевую поверхность и вторую торцевую поверхность, ограничивающие продольное направление между ними, и первое и второе множества каналов, проходящих в продольном направлении,
при этом первое множество каналов открыто на первой торцевой поверхности и закрыто на второй торцевой поверхности, а второе множество каналов открыто на второй торцевой поверхности и закрыто на первой торцевой поверхности,
и при этом TWC также присутствует в виде покрытия на поверхности по меньшей мере одного из первого и второго множества каналов.
10. Каталитический монолит с проточными стенками по п.9, в котором средняя минимальная толщина носителя между соседними каналами составляет от 8 до 20 мил (0,02-0,05 см).
11. Каталитический монолит с проточными стенками по п.9 или 10, в котором (а) количество по массе одного или более металлов платиновой группы на единицу объема покрытия на поверхности стенки, присутствующего на поверхностях стенок каналов первого множества каналов, непрерывно изменяется в продольном направлении; и/или (b) толщина слоя покрытия на поверхности стенки или покрытия по существу на поверхности стенки, присутствующего на поверхностях стенок каналов первого множества каналов, непрерывно изменяется в продольном направлении.
12. Система очистки выхлопов для очистки потока выхлопных газов сгорания, где система содержит каталитический монолит с проточными стенками по любому из предшествующих пунктов.
13. Двигатель с принудительным зажиганием, содержащий систему очистки выхлопов по п.12.
14. Автомобиль, содержащий двигатель по п.13.
15. Способ изготовления каталитического монолита с проточными стенками, включающий:
- обеспечение пористого носителя, имеющего первую торцевую поверхность и вторую торцевую поверхность, ограничивающие продольное направление между ними, и первое и второе множества каналов, проходящих в данном продольном направлении, при этом первое множество каналов открыто на первой торцевой поверхности и закрыто на второй торцевой поверхности, а второе множество каналов открыто на второй торцевой поверхности и закрыто на первой торцевой поверхности;
- просачивание в пористый носитель материала покрытия из пористого оксида, содержащего каталитический материал; и
- прокаливание каталитического материала внутри пористого носителя,
при этом каталитический материал содержит:
(i) оксид алюминия;
(ii) один или более металлов платиновой группы; и
(iii) аккумулирующий кислород компонент (OSC),
причем OSC содержит оксид церия или один или более смешанных оксидов, содержащих церий, и присутствует в массовом отношении OSC к оксиду алюминия от 65:35 до 85:15.
16. Способ по п.15, в котором приготовление материала покрытия из пористого оксида перед просачиванием в пористый носитель включает:
смешивание Pt и/или Pd с оксидом алюминия и прокаливание с образованием первой части каталитического материала.
17. Способ по п.15 или 16, в котором приготовление материала покрытия из пористого оксида перед просачиванием в пористый носитель включает:
смешивание Rh с OSC и прокаливание с образованием второй части каталитического материала.
18. Способ по любому из пп.15-17, в котором каталитический монолит с проточными стенками является монолитом по любому из пп.1-11.
19. Способ очистки выхлопных газов сгорания двигателя внутреннего сгорания с принудительным зажиганием, содержащих оксиды азота (NOx), монооксид углерода (СО), несгоревшее углеводородное топливо (НС) и твердые частицы (РМ), причем способ включает контактирование выхлопных газов с фильтром, представляющим собой каталитический монолит с проточными стенками по любому из пп.1-11.
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