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RU2018104014A - LUBRICANTS WITH A CALCIUM-CONTAINING WASHING ADDITIVE AND THEIR APPLICATION TO REDUCE THE PREMATURE IGNITION OF THE MIXTURE AT LOW SPEED - Google Patents

LUBRICANTS WITH A CALCIUM-CONTAINING WASHING ADDITIVE AND THEIR APPLICATION TO REDUCE THE PREMATURE IGNITION OF THE MIXTURE AT LOW SPEED Download PDF

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RU2018104014A
RU2018104014A RU2018104014A RU2018104014A RU2018104014A RU 2018104014 A RU2018104014 A RU 2018104014A RU 2018104014 A RU2018104014 A RU 2018104014A RU 2018104014 A RU2018104014 A RU 2018104014A RU 2018104014 A RU2018104014 A RU 2018104014A
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lubricating oil
oil composition
calcium
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detergent
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RU2018104014A
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RU2018104014A3 (en
RU2720202C2 (en
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Кристин ФЛЕТЧЕР
Уильям У. ЛЕМ
Куншен ЯНГ
Джереми СТАЙЕР
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Эфтон Кемикал Корпорейшн
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Priority claimed from US15/047,934 external-priority patent/US20170015933A1/en
Priority claimed from US15/147,317 external-priority patent/US10336959B2/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
    • C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C10M159/24—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
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    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/042—Sulfate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046—Overbased sulfonic acid salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/066—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Mo or W
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Claims (29)

1. Композиция смазочного масла, содержащая1. The lubricating oil composition containing более 50 масс.% базового масла смазочной вязкости; more than 50 wt.% base oil of lubricating viscosity; по меньшей мере 0,3 масс.% сверхосновной моющей присадки с общим щелочным числом более 225 мг KOH/г, измеренным способом согласно ASTM D-2896, и at least 0.3% by weight of an overbased detergent with a total base number of more than 225 mg KOH / g, measured by the method according to ASTM D-2896, and по меньшей мере 0,2 масс.% низкоосновной/нейтральной моющей присадки с общим щелочным числом вплоть до 175 мг KOH/г, измеренным способом согласно ASTM D-2896, at least 0.2 wt.% low basic / neutral detergent additive with a total base number of up to 175 mg KOH / g, measured by the method according to ASTM D-2896, причем общее количество кальция из сверхосновной и низкоосновной/нейтральной моющей присадки составляет от более 1100 ppm по массе до менее 2400 ppm по массе относительно общей массы композиции смазочного масла;moreover, the total amount of calcium from overbased and lowbased / neutral detergent additives is from more than 1100 ppm by weight up to less than 2400 ppm by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; общее количество кальция из сверхосновной моющей присадки составляет от 900 до 1800 ppm по массе относительно общей массы композиции смазочного масла; иthe total amount of calcium from the overbased detergent additive is from 900 to 1800 ppm by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating oil composition; and отношение количества кальция в ppm по массе, обеспеченного в композиции смазочного масла из низкоосновной/нейтральной моющей присадки, к количеству кальция в ppm по массе, обеспеченному в композиции смазочного масла из сверхосновной кальцийсодержащей моющей присадки, составляет от 0,08 до 0,4.the ratio of the amount of calcium in ppm by weight provided in a low base / neutral detergent lubricating oil composition to the amount of calcium in ppm by weight provided in a lubricating oil composition from an overbased calcium containing detergent is from 0.08 to 0.4. 2. Композиция смазочного масла по п. 1, где сверхосновная моющая присадка содержит сверхосновную кальцийсодержащую моющую присадку. 2. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the superbasic detergent additive contains a superbasic calcium-containing detergent additive. 3. Композиция смазочного масла по п. 2, где сверхосновная кальцийсодержащая моющая присадка содержит соединение, выбранное из моющей присадки сверхосновного сульфоната кальция и моющей присадки сверхосновного фенолята кальция. 3. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 2, wherein the suprabasic calcium-containing detergent additive comprises a compound selected from a detergent additive of suprabasic calcium sulfonate and a detergent additive of suprabasic calcium phenolate. 4. Композиция смазочного масла по любому из пп. 1-3, где снижение числа случаев LSPI представляет собой снижение на 75% или более, и число случаев LSPI представляет собой количество LSPI за 25000 циклов работы двигателя, где двигатель работает при 2000 оборотах в минуту со средним эффективным тормозным давлением 18000 кПа.4. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, where the reduction in the number of LSPI cases is a reduction of 75% or more, and the number of LSPI cases is the number of LSPIs for 25,000 engine cycles, where the engine operates at 2,000 rpm with an average effective brake pressure of 18,000 kPa. 5. Композиция смазочного масла по любому из пп. 1-4, где низкоосновная/нейтральная моющая присадка содержит низкоосновную/нейтральную кальцийсодержащую моющую присадку. 5. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, where the low base / neutral detergent contains a low base / neutral calcium-containing detergent. 6. Композиция смазочного масла по п. 5, где низкоосновная/нейтральная моющая присадка содержит моющую присадку, выбранную из группы, состоящей из моющей присадки сульфоната кальция и моющей присадки фенолята кальция.6. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 5, wherein the low base / neutral detergent additive comprises a detergent additive selected from the group consisting of a calcium sulfonate detergent additive and a calcium phenolate detergent additive. 7. Композиция смазочного масла по любому из пп. 1-6, где одна или более сверхосновных кальцийсодержащих моющих присадок обеспечивает от 900 до менее чем 1800 ppm по массе кальция в композиции смазочного масла относительно общей массы композиции смазочного масла. 7. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, where one or more suprabasic calcium-containing detergent additives provides from 900 to less than 1800 ppm by weight of calcium in the lubricating oil composition relative to the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 8. Композиция смазочного масла по любому из пп. 1-7, имеющая отношение общего количества металлов в ммоль в композиции смазочного масла к общему щелочному числу композиции смазочного масла, составляющее от более 4,5 до 10,0. 8. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, having a ratio of the total amount of metals in mmol in the lubricating oil composition to the total alkaline number of the lubricating oil composition, from more than 4.5 to 10.0. 9. Композиция смазочного масла по любому из пп. 1-8, обладающая достаточной эффективностью для прохождения стендового теста на окисление TEOST 33.9. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, which is sufficiently effective to pass the TEOST 33 bench oxidation test. 10. Композиция смазочного масла по любому из пп. 1-9, дополнительно содержащая один или более компонентов, выбранных из группы, состоящей из модификаторов трения, противоизносных агентов, дисперсантов, антиоксидантов и увеличителей индекса вязкости.10. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9, further containing one or more components selected from the group consisting of friction modifiers, antiwear agents, dispersants, antioxidants, and viscosity index improvers. 11. Композиция смазочного масла по любому из пп. 1-10, где более 50% базового масла выбрано из группы, состоящей из базовых масел II группы, III группы, IV группы, группы V и комбинации двух или более из вышеуказанного, и где более 50 масс.% базового масла отличается от разбавляющих масел, являющихся результатом включения в композицию присадочных компонентов или увеличителей индекса вязкости.11. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, where more than 50% of the base oil is selected from the group consisting of base oils of group II, group III, group IV, group V, and a combination of two or more of the above, and where more than 50 wt.% Of the base oil is different from dilution oils resulting from the inclusion of additive components or viscosity index improvers in the composition. 12. Композиция смазочного масла по любому из пп. 1-11, где отношение общего количества металлов в ммоль в композиции смазочного масла к общему основному числу композиции смазочного масла составляет от более 8 до менее 10, и композиция смазочного масла содержит по меньшей мере 0,25 масс.% низкоосновной/нейтральной моющей присадки. 12. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11, where the ratio of the total amount of metals in mmol in the lubricating oil composition to the total basic number of the lubricating oil composition is from more than 8 to less than 10, and the lubricating oil composition contains at least 0.25 wt.% Low basic / neutral detergent. 13. Композиция смазочного масла по любому из пп. 1-12, где общее количество кальция в композиции смазочного масла из одной или более сверхосновных моющих присадок составляет от 1100 ppm по массе до 1800 ppm по массе относительно общей массы композиции смазочного масла.13. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of paragraphs. 1-12, where the total amount of calcium in the composition of the lubricating oil from one or more overbased detergents is from 1100 ppm by weight up to 1800 ppm by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 14. Композиция смазочного масла по любому из пп. 1-13, где общее количество кальция в композиции смазочного масла из одной или более низкоосновных/нейтральных кальцийсодержащих моющих присадок составляет от 50 ppm по массе до 1000 ppm по массе относительно общей массы композиции смазочного масла.14. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of paragraphs. 1-13, where the total amount of calcium in the lubricating oil composition of one or more low-base / neutral calcium-containing detergents is from 50 ppm by weight up to 1000 ppm by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 15. Композиция смазочного масла по любому из пп. 1-14, эффективная для снижения числа случаев преждевременного воспламенения смеси при низких оборотах в двигателе внутреннего сгорания с наддувом, смазанном композицией смазочного масла, относительно числа случаев преждевременного воспламенения смеси в этом же двигателе, смазанном контрольным смазочным маслом R-1.15. The lubricating oil composition according to any one of paragraphs. 1-14, effective to reduce the number of cases of premature ignition of the mixture at low speeds in a supercharged internal combustion engine lubricated with a lubricating oil composition, relative to the number of cases of premature ignition of the mixture in the same engine lubricated with a control R-1 lubricating oil. 16. Способ снижения числа случаев преждевременного воспламенения смеси при низких оборотах в двигателе внутреннего сгорания с наддувом, включающий16. A method of reducing the number of cases of premature ignition of the mixture at low speeds in a supercharged internal combustion engine, including смазывание двигателя внутреннего сгорания с наддувом композицией смазочного масла по любому из пп. 1-15, иlubrication of a supercharged internal combustion engine by a lubricating oil composition according to any one of claims. 1-15, and осуществление работы двигателя, смазанного композицией смазочного масла.operating an engine lubricated with a lubricating oil composition. 17. Способ по п. 16, где композиция смазочного масла проходит стендовый тест на окисление TEOST 33.17. The method according to p. 16, where the composition of the lubricating oil passes a bench test for oxidation of TEOST 33. 18. Способ по п. 17, где число случаев LSPI основано на количестве LSPI за 25000 циклов работы двигателя, где двигатель работает при 2000 оборотах в минуту (об/мин) со средним эффективным тормозным давлением (BMEP) 18000 кПа, и число случаев преждевременного воспламенения смеси при низких оборотах в двигателе внутреннего сгорания с наддувом, смазанном композицией смазочного масла, снижено относительно числа случаев преждевременного воспламенения смеси при низких оборотах в этом же двигателе, смазанном контрольным смазочным маслом R-1.18. The method of claim 17, wherein the number of LSPI cases is based on the number of LSPIs per 25,000 engine cycles, where the engine operates at 2,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) with an average effective braking pressure (BMEP) of 18,000 kPa, and the number of cases of premature ignition of the mixture at low speeds in a supercharged internal combustion engine lubricated with a lubricating oil composition is reduced relative to the number of cases of premature ignition of the mixture at low speeds in the same engine lubricated with a control lubricant R-1. 19. Способ по любому из пп. 16-18, где низкоосновная/нейтральная моющая присадка содержит кальцийсодержащую моющую присадку, сверхосновная моющая присадка содержит кальцийсодержащую моющую присадку, и сверхосновная моющая присадка обеспечивает от 900 до менее чем 1800 ppm по массе кальция в композиции смазочного масла относительно общей массы композиции смазочного масла. 19. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 16-18, where the low-base / neutral detergent contains a calcium-containing detergent, the super-basic detergent contains a calcium-containing detergent, and the super-base detergent provides from 900 to less than 1800 ppm by weight calcium in the lubricating oil composition relative to the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 20. Способ по любому из пп. 16-19, где на стадии смазывания смазывают камеру внутреннего сгорания или стенки цилиндра двигателя с прямым впрыском с искровым зажиганием или двигателя внутреннего сгорания с системой распределенного впрыска, снабженного турбонаддувом или нагнетателем.20. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 16-19, where the lubrication stage lubricates the internal combustion chamber or cylinder wall of a direct injection engine with spark ignition or an internal combustion engine with a distributed injection system equipped with a turbocharger or supercharger. 21. Способ по любому из пп. 16-20, дополнительно включающий стадию измерения числа случаев преждевременного воспламенения смеси при низких оборотах в двигателе внутреннего сгорания, смазанном композицией смазочного масла.21. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 16-20, further comprising the step of measuring the number of cases of premature ignition of the mixture at low speeds in an internal combustion engine lubricated with a lubricating oil composition.
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