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RU2018104097A - Циклические четвертичные аммониевые соли в качестве присадок к топливу или смазочным материалам - Google Patents

Циклические четвертичные аммониевые соли в качестве присадок к топливу или смазочным материалам Download PDF

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RU2018104097A
RU2018104097A RU2018104097A RU2018104097A RU2018104097A RU 2018104097 A RU2018104097 A RU 2018104097A RU 2018104097 A RU2018104097 A RU 2018104097A RU 2018104097 A RU2018104097 A RU 2018104097A RU 2018104097 A RU2018104097 A RU 2018104097A
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fuel
quaternary ammonium
formula
carbon atoms
carboxylic acid
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RU2018104097A
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RU2018104097A3 (ru
RU2737162C2 (ru
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Стивен Леонард КУК
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Инноспек Лимитед
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    • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
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Claims (49)

1. Четвертичная аммониевая соль, имеющая формулу:
Figure 00000001
где каждый из R1 и R2 независимо выбран из необязательно замещенной алкильной, алкенильной или арильной группы, содержащей менее 8 атомов углерода, R совместно с N образует алифатический или ароматический гетероцикл, содержащий менее 12 атомов углерода, и R5 представляет собой водород или необязательно замещенную гидрокарбильную группу.
2. Четвертичная аммониевая соль по п. 1, которая получена по реакции циклического третичного амина, имеющего формулу R==NR1 с кватернизующим агентом, выбранным из:
(i) сложного эфира, имеющего формулу R5COOR2;
(ii) карбонатного соединения, имеющего формулу R4OCOOR2, и затем карбоновой кислоты, имеющей формулу R5COOH; и
(iii) эпоксида, содержащего менее 8 атомов углерода, и карбоновой кислоты, имеющей формулу R5COOH,
где R4 представляет собой необязательно замещенную гидрокарбильную группу.
3. Четвертичная аммониевая соль по п. 2, в которой кватернизующий агент представляет собой (i)
карбонатное соединение, имеющее формулу R4OCOOR2, и затем карбоновую кислоту, имеющую формулу R5COOH.
4. Четвертичная аммониевая соль, которая представляет собой продукт реакции
(a) циклического третичного амина, содержащего менее 19 атомов углерода;
(b) эпоксида, содержащего менее 8 атомов углерода; и
(с) карбоновой кислоты, имеющей формулу R5COOH, где R5 представляет собой водород или необязательно замещенную гидрокарбильную группу.
5. Способ получения четвертичной аммониевой соли, отличающийся тем, что способ включает реакцию (а) циклического третичного амина, включающего менее 19 атомов углерода, с (b) эпоксидом в присутствии (с) карбоновой кислоты, имеющей формулу R5COOH; где R5 представляет собой водород или необязательно замещенную гидрокарбильную группу.
6. Способ по п. 5, в котором компонент (а) включает амин, имеющий формулу R==NR1, в которой R1 представляет собой необязательно замещенную гидрокарбильную группу, и R и N совместно образуют гетероцикл, содержащий менее 12 атомов углерода.
7. Композиция добавки, включающая одно или более четвертичных аммониевых соединений по любому из пп. 1-3, и разбавитель или носитель.
8. Смазочная композиция, включающая в качестве добавки одно или более четвертичных аммониевых соединений по любому из пп. 1-4.
9. Топливная композиция, включающая в качестве добавки одно или более четвертичных аммониевых соединений по любому из пп. 1-4.
10. Топливная композиция по п. 9, в которой топливо представляет собой дизельное топливо.
11. Топливная композиция по п. 10, которая включает одну или более дополнительных моющих добавок, выбранных из:
(i) дополнительной добавки на основе четвертичной аммониевой соли, которая не является четвертичным аммониевым соединением по п. 1;
(ii) продукта реакции Манниха между альдегидом, амином и необязательно замещенным фенолом;
(iii) продукта реакции ацилирующего агента, полученного из карбоновой кислоты, и амина;
(iv) продукта реакции ацилирующего агента, полученного из карбоновой кислоты, и гидразина;
(v) соли, полученной по реакции карбоновой кислоты с ди-н-бутиламином или три-н-бутиламином;
(vi) продукта реакции замещенной гидрокарбилом дикарбоновой кислоты или соответствующего ангидрида и аминосоединения или соли, где продукт включает по меньшей мере одну аминотриазольную группу; и
(vii) замещенной полиароматической моющей добавки.
12. Топливная композиция по п. 9, в которой топливо представляет собой бензиновое топливо.
13. Топливная композиция по п. 12, которая включает одну или более моющих добавок для бензина, выбранных из:
(р) замещенных гидрокарбилом полиоксиалкиленаминов или простых полиэфираминов;
(q) ацилированных азотсодержащих соединений, которые представляют собой продукты реакции полученного из карбоновой кислоты ацилирующего агента и амина;
(r) замещенных гидрокарбилом аминов, в которых гидрокарбильный заместитель имеет по существу алифатический характер и содержит по меньшей мере 8 атомов углерода;
(s) добавок, представляющих собой основания Манниха и включающих азотсодержащие продукты конденсации фенола, альдегида и первичного или вторичного амина;
(t) ароматических сложных эфиров полиалкилфеноксиалканола;
(u) дополнительной добавки на основе четвертичной аммониевой соли, которая не является четвертичным аммониевым соединением, определенным в пункте 1; и
(v) третичных гидрокарбиламинов, содержащих максимум 30 атомов углерода.
14. Способ получения топливной композиции по любому из пп. 9-13, который включает добавление добавки на основе четвертичной аммониевой соли к топливу после транспортировки топлива с распределительного терминала.
15. Способ улучшения эксплуатационных характеристик двигателя, отличающийся тем, что способ включает сжигание в двигателе топливной композиции, включающей в качестве добавки одно или более четвертичных аммониевых соединений по любому из пп. 1-4.
16. Способ по п. 15, в котором двигатель представляет собой бензиновый двигатель, а топливо представляет собой бензиновое топливо.
17. Способ по п. 14, в котором двигатель представляет собой дизельный двигатель с системой впрыска топлива, которая включает систему впрыска топлива под высоким давлением (HPFI, от англ. high pressure fuel injection), в которой давление топлива превышает 1350 бар (1,35⋅108 Па).
18. Способ по п. 15 или 17, в котором улучшение эксплуатационных характеристик происходит в результате противодействия отложениям в двигателе.
19. Способ по п. 18, который противодействует внутренним отложениям в форсунках дизельного двигателя.
20. Способ по п. 18 или 19 который противодействует наружным отложениям на форсунках дизельного двигателя, включающими отложения на сопле форсунки и отложения на кончике форсунки.
21. Способ по любому из пп. 17-20 который противодействует отложениям на топливном фильтре.
22. Способ по п. 15 или 17, в котором улучшение эксплуатационных характеристик состоит в прибавке мощности по сравнению со сжиганием не содержащего добавок базового топлива при работе с чистыми форсунками.
23. Применение добавки, добавляемой в топливную композицию, для улучшения эксплуатационных характеристик двигателя за счет сжигания этой топливной композиции, где добавка представляет собой четвертичную аммониевую соль по любому из пп. 1-4.
24. Применение по п. 23 для обеспечения наличия характеристики "поддержание чистоты".
25. Применение по п. 23 для обеспечения наличия характеристики "очистка".
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