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RU2016131244A - EXHAUST GAS CLEANING CATALYSTS - Google Patents

EXHAUST GAS CLEANING CATALYSTS Download PDF

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RU2016131244A
RU2016131244A RU2016131244A RU2016131244A RU2016131244A RU 2016131244 A RU2016131244 A RU 2016131244A RU 2016131244 A RU2016131244 A RU 2016131244A RU 2016131244 A RU2016131244 A RU 2016131244A RU 2016131244 A RU2016131244 A RU 2016131244A
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catalyst
paragraphs
exhaust gas
catalyst according
carrier
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RU2016131244A
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RU2016131244A3 (en
RU2673344C2 (en
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Агнес РАДЖ
Джанет Мэри ФИШЕР
Дэвид ТОМПСЕТТ
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Джонсон Мэтти Паблик Лимитед Компани
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/847—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum or polonium
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    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0201—Impregnation
    • B01J37/0205—Impregnation in several steps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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    • B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Claims (24)

1. Катализатор для очистки выхлопного газа дизельного двигателя, содержащий:1. A catalyst for cleaning an exhaust gas of a diesel engine, comprising: (а) 0,1-10 мас.% переходного металла групп 8-11 и(a) 0.1-10 wt.% transition metal of groups 8-11 and (b) 90-99,9 мас.% носителя,(b) 90-99.9 wt.% media, где носитель содержит, по меньшей мере, 90 мас.% диоксида церия и 0,1-10 мас.% добавки, легирующей диоксид церия, где добавка содержит ниобий (Nb) или тантал (Та).where the carrier contains at least 90 wt.% cerium dioxide and 0.1-10 wt.% additives, doping cerium dioxide, where the additive contains niobium (Nb) or tantalum (Ta). 2. Катализатор по п. 1, в котором добавка представляет собой диоксид ниобия или диоксид тантала.2. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the additive is niobium dioxide or tantalum dioxide. 3. Катализатор по п. 1 или 2, в котором переходным металлом групп 8-11 является палладий.3. The catalyst according to claim 1 or 2, in which the transition metal of groups 8-11 is palladium. 4. Катализатор по любому из пп. 1-3, который содержит 1-5 мас.% переходного металла групп 8-11.4. The catalyst according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, which contains 1-5 wt.% Transition metal of groups 8-11. 5. Катализатор по любому из пп. 1-4, в котором носитель содержит, по меньшей мере, 95 мас.% диоксида церия.5. The catalyst according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, in which the carrier contains at least 95 wt.% Cerium dioxide. 6. Катализатор по любому из пп. 1-5, в котором носитель содержит диоксид церия, имеющий площадь поверхности более 100 м2/г.6. The catalyst according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, in which the carrier contains cerium dioxide having a surface area of more than 100 m 2 / g 7. Катализатор по любому из пп. 1-6, в котором носитель содержит 1-5 мас.% добавки.7. The catalyst according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, in which the carrier contains 1-5 wt.% Additives. 8. Катализатор по любому из пп. 1-7, в котором носителем является прокаленный носитель, и, необязательно, где данный прокаленный носитель получается прокаливанием при температуре в интервале от 600°С до 1000°С.8. The catalyst according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, in which the carrier is a calcined carrier, and, optionally, where this calcined carrier is obtained by calcination at a temperature in the range from 600 ° C to 1000 ° C. 9. Катализатор по любому из пп. 1-8, который представляет собой прокаленный катализатор, и, необязательно, где котором данный прокаленный катализатор получается прокаливанием при температуре в интервале от 600°С до 1000°С.9. The catalyst according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, which is a calcined catalyst, and, optionally, wherein a given calcined catalyst is obtained by calcining at a temperature in the range of 600 ° C. to 1000 ° C. 10. Способ получения катализатора для очистки выхлопного газа дизельного двигателя, включающий:10. A method of obtaining a catalyst for purification of exhaust gas of a diesel engine, including: (а) пропитку диоксида церия водным раствором, содержащим водорастворимую соль ниобия (Nb) или тантала (Ta);(a) impregnating cerium dioxide with an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble salt of niobium (Nb) or tantalum (Ta); (b) прокаливание пропитанного диоксида церия при температуре в интервале от 600°С до 1000°С с получением носителя;(b) calcining the impregnated cerium dioxide at a temperature in the range of 600 ° C to 1000 ° C to obtain a carrier; (с) пропитку носителя раствором, содержащим переходный металл групп 8-11.(c) impregnating the support with a solution containing a transition metal of groups 8-11. 11. Способ по п. 10, дополнительно включающий:11. The method according to p. 10, further comprising: (d) прокаливание продукта со стадии (с) при температуре в интервале от 600°С до 1000°С с получением прокаленного катализатора, где прокаленный катализатор содержит 0,1-10 мас.% переходного металла групп 8-11.(d) calcining the product from step (c) at a temperature in the range of 600 ° C. to 1000 ° C. to obtain a calcined catalyst, wherein the calcined catalyst contains 0.1-10% by weight of a transition metal of groups 8-11. 12. Катализатор для очистки выхлопного газа дизельного двигателя, полученный способом по п. 10 или 11 и, необязательно, который представляет собой катализатор, определенный согласно любому из пп. 1-9.12. A catalyst for purifying an exhaust gas of a diesel engine obtained by the method of claim 10 or 11 and, optionally, which is a catalyst defined according to any one of claims. 1-9. 13. Система доочистки выхлопного газа, содержащая катализатор по любому из пп. 1-9 или 12 и, необязательно, СКВ-катализатор, фильтр дизельных твердых частиц, фильтр катализированной сажи, катализатор конверсии аммиака или их комбинацию.13. An exhaust gas aftertreatment system comprising a catalyst according to any one of claims. 1-9 or 12, and optionally an SCR catalyst, a diesel particulate filter, a catalyzed carbon black filter, an ammonia conversion catalyst, or a combination thereof. 14. Катализатор по любому из пп. 1-9 или 12 или система доочистки выхлопного газа по п. 13, где катализатор представляет собой дизельный катализатор окисления.14. The catalyst according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9 or 12 or the exhaust gas after-treatment system according to claim 13, wherein the catalyst is a diesel oxidation catalyst. 15. Катализатор по любому из пп. 1-9 или 12 или система доочистки выхлопного газа по п. 13, где катализатор представляет собой поглотитель NOx.15. The catalyst according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9 or 12 or the exhaust gas after-treatment system according to claim 13, wherein the catalyst is an NO x scavenger. 16. Катализатор по любому из пп. 1-9 или 12 или система доочистки выхлопного газа по п. 13, где катализатор представляет собой катализатор окисления ртути.16. The catalyst according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9 or 12 or the exhaust gas after-treatment system according to claim 13, wherein the catalyst is a mercury oxidation catalyst. 17. Способ, который включает окисление газообразного потока дизельного выхлопного газа, содержащего монооксид углерода, ненасыщенные углеводороды, или и то, и другое, в присутствии катализатора по любому из пп. 1-9, 12 или 14-16. 17. A method that includes oxidizing a gaseous stream of diesel exhaust gas containing carbon monoxide, unsaturated hydrocarbons, or both, in the presence of a catalyst according to any one of claims. 1-9, 12 or 14-16.
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