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RU2016130314A - SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR LIQUIDING NATURAL GAS - Google Patents

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR LIQUIDING NATURAL GAS Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2016130314A
RU2016130314A RU2016130314A RU2016130314A RU2016130314A RU 2016130314 A RU2016130314 A RU 2016130314A RU 2016130314 A RU2016130314 A RU 2016130314A RU 2016130314 A RU2016130314 A RU 2016130314A RU 2016130314 A RU2016130314 A RU 2016130314A
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RU
Russia
Prior art keywords
gaseous material
natural gas
compressor
unit
expander
Prior art date
Application number
RU2016130314A
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Russian (ru)
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RU2016130314A3 (en
RU2651007C2 (en
Inventor
Йосицуги КИККАВА
Коитиро САКАИ
Original Assignee
Тийода Корпорейшн
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Publication of RU2016130314A publication Critical patent/RU2016130314A/en
Publication of RU2016130314A3 publication Critical patent/RU2016130314A3/ru
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Publication of RU2651007C2 publication Critical patent/RU2651007C2/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • F25J3/0214—Liquefied natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0082—Methane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0085—Ethane; Ethylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0087—Propane; Propylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
    • F25J1/0209—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop as at least a three level refrigeration cascade
    • F25J1/021—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop as at least a three level refrigeration cascade using a deep flash recycle loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0218—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one or more SCR cycles, e.g. with a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
    • F25J1/0239—Purification or treatment step being integrated between two refrigeration cycles of a refrigeration cascade, i.e. first cycle providing feed gas cooling and second cycle providing overhead gas cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
    • F25J1/0239—Purification or treatment step being integrated between two refrigeration cycles of a refrigeration cascade, i.e. first cycle providing feed gas cooling and second cycle providing overhead gas cooling
    • F25J1/0241—Purification or treatment step being integrated between two refrigeration cycles of a refrigeration cascade, i.e. first cycle providing feed gas cooling and second cycle providing overhead gas cooling wherein the overhead cooling comprises providing reflux for a fractionation step
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
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    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
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    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0238—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
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    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/66—Closed external refrigeration cycle with multi component refrigerant [MCR], e.g. mixture of hydrocarbons

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Claims (42)

1. Система для сжижения природного газа, которая охлаждает природный газ для производства сжиженного природного газа, включающая:1. System for liquefying natural gas, which cools natural gas for the production of liquefied natural gas, including: первый расширитель для производства энергии посредством расширения природного газа под давлением в качестве газообразного материала;a first expander for generating energy by expanding natural gas under pressure as a gaseous material; первый охлаждающий блок для охлаждения газообразного материала, имеющего пониженное давление посредством расширения в первом расширителе;a first cooling unit for cooling a gaseous material having a reduced pressure by expansion in a first expander; дистилляционный блок для уменьшения содержания или удаления тяжелого компонента, содержащегося в газообразном материале, посредством дистилляции газообразного материала, охлажденного первым охлаждающим блоком;a distillation unit for reducing the content or removal of the heavy component contained in the gaseous material by distilling the gaseous material cooled by the first cooling unit; первый компрессор для сжатия газообразного материала, из которого частично или полностью удален тяжелый компонент посредством дистилляционного блока, за счет использования энергии, производимой в первом расширителе; иa first compressor for compressing the gaseous material from which the heavy component is partially or completely removed by means of a distillation unit, by using the energy produced in the first expander; and сжижающий блок для сжижения газообразного материала, сжатого первым компрессором, посредством теплообмена с хладагентом.a liquefaction unit for liquefying a gaseous material compressed by a first compressor by heat exchange with a refrigerant. 2. Система для сжижения природного газа по п. 1, дополнительно включающая второй охлаждающий блок, который расположен между первым компрессором и сжижающим блоком и охлаждает газообразный материал, сжатый первым компрессором.2. The system for liquefying natural gas according to claim 1, further comprising a second cooling unit, which is located between the first compressor and the liquefaction unit and cools the gaseous material compressed by the first compressor. 3. Система для сжижения природного газа по п. 1 или 2, в которой сжижающий блок содержит спиральный теплообменник, и газообразный материал, выпускаемый из первого компрессора, вводится в теплую область спирального теплообменника, расположенную на горячей стороне спирального теплообменника.3. The system for liquefying natural gas according to claim 1 or 2, in which the liquefying unit comprises a spiral heat exchanger, and gaseous material discharged from the first compressor is introduced into the warm region of the spiral heat exchanger located on the hot side of the spiral heat exchanger. 4. Система для сжижения природного газа по п. 1, дополнительно включающая второй компрессор, который расположен между первым компрессором и сжижающим блоком, и выполнен с возможностью сжатия газообразногой материала, выпускаемого из первого компрессора.4. The system for liquefying natural gas according to claim 1, further comprising a second compressor, which is located between the first compressor and the liquefaction unit, and is configured to compress gaseous material discharged from the first compressor. 5. Система для сжижения природного газа по п. 4, дополнительно содержащая первый электродвигатель, который снабжается электроэнергией из внешнего источника и регулируется в зависимости от значения давления газообразного материала, вводимого в сжижающий блок, и второй компрессор приводится в действие первым электродвигателем.5. The system for liquefying natural gas according to claim 4, further comprising a first electric motor that is supplied with electric power from an external source and is controlled depending on the pressure value of the gaseous material introduced into the liquefaction unit, and the second compressor is driven by the first electric motor. 6. Система для сжижения природного газа по п. 4, дополнительно содержащая второй охлаждающий блок, который расположен между вторым компрессором и сжижающим блоком, и выполнен с возможностью охлаждения газообразного материала.6. The system for liquefying natural gas according to claim 4, further comprising a second cooling unit, which is located between the second compressor and the liquefying unit, and is configured to cool gaseous material. 7. Система для сжижения природного газа по п. 1, дополнительно содержащая электрический генераторный блок, выполненный с возможностью преобразования энергии, производиой первым расширителем, в электроэнергию, и второй электродвигатель, выполненный с возможностью приводение в действие первого компрессора, причем второй электродвигатель снабжается электроэнергией, производимой генераторным блоком.7. The system for liquefying natural gas according to claim 1, further comprising an electric generator unit configured to convert the energy produced by the first expander into electricity, and a second electric motor configured to drive the first compressor, the second electric motor being supplied with electricity, produced by the generator unit. 8. Система для сжижения природного газа по п. 1, дополнительно содержащая второй электродвигатель, который выполнен с возможностью механического соединения первого расширителя и первого компрессора друг с другом и снабжается электроэнергией из внешнего источника, причем первый компрессор предназначен для сжатия газообразного материала посредством использования энергии, производимой первым расширителем, и энергии, производимой вторым электродвигателем.8. The system for liquefying natural gas according to claim 1, further comprising a second electric motor, which is configured to mechanically connect the first expander and the first compressor to each other and is supplied with electricity from an external source, the first compressor being designed to compress gaseous material by using energy, produced by the first expander, and energy produced by the second electric motor. 9. Система для сжижения природного газа по п. 1,9. A system for liquefying natural gas according to claim 1, в которой газообразный материал, из которого частично или полностью удалены тяжелые компоненты посредством дистилляционного блока, непосредственно подлежит введению в первый компрессор, и система дополнительно включает первый разделяющий газовую и жидкую фазы резервуар, который выполнен с возможностью приема газообразного материала, сжатого первым компрессором, через сжижающий блок; иin which the gaseous material from which the heavy components are partially or completely removed by means of the distillation unit is directly to be introduced into the first compressor, and the system further includes a first reservoir separating the gas and liquid phases, which is configured to receive the gaseous material compressed by the first compressor through the fluidizing block; and причем газофазный компонент газообразного материала, отделенный в первом разделяющем газовую и жидкую фазы резервуаре, подлежит повторному введению в сжижающий блок, и жидкофазный компонент газообразного материала подлежит возвращению в дистилляционный блок.moreover, the gas-phase component of the gaseous material separated in the first reservoir separating the gas and liquid phases is to be reintroduced into the liquefaction unit, and the liquid-phase component of the gaseous material is to be returned to the distillation unit. 10. Система для сжижения природного газа по п. 9, дополнительно содержащая второй охлаждающий блок, который расположен между первым компрессором и первым разделяющим газовую и жидкую фазы резервуаром и выполнен с возможностью охлаждения газообразного материала.10. The system for liquefying natural gas according to claim 9, further comprising a second cooling unit, which is located between the first compressor and the first reservoir separating the gas and liquid phases and is configured to cool the gaseous material. 11. Система для сжижения природного газа по п. 1, дополнительно содержащая:11. A system for liquefying natural gas according to claim 1, further comprising: второй расширитель, который расположен между первым расширителем и дистилляционным блоком и выполнен с возможностью производства энергии посредством расширения газообразного материала; иa second expander, which is located between the first expander and the distillation unit and is configured to produce energy by expanding the gaseous material; and третий компрессор, который расположен между дистилляционным блоком и первым компрессором и выполнен с возможностью сжатия газообразного материала, дистиллированного дистилляционным блоком, за счет использования энергии, производимой вторым расширителем.a third compressor, which is located between the distillation unit and the first compressor and is configured to compress gaseous material distilled by the distillation unit, by using the energy produced by the second expander. 12. Система для сжижения природного газа по п. 1, дополнительно содержащая:12. A system for liquefying natural gas according to claim 1, further comprising: второй расширитель, который расположен параллельно с первым расширителем и выполнен с возможностью производства энергии посредством расширения газообразного материала; иa second expander, which is parallel to the first expander and is configured to produce energy by expanding the gaseous material; and третий компрессор, который расположен между дистилляционным блоком и первым компрессором и выполнен с возможность сжатия газообразного материала, дистиллированного дистилляционным блоком, за счет использования энергии, производимой вторым расширителем.a third compressor, which is located between the distillation unit and the first compressor and configured to compress the gaseous material distilled by the distillation unit, by using the energy produced by the second expander. 13. Система для сжижения природного газа по п. 1, в которой сжижающий блок содержит пластинчато-ребристый теплообменник.13. The system for liquefying natural gas according to claim 1, in which the liquefying unit contains a plate-fin heat exchanger. 14. Система для сжижения природного газа по п. 1, в которой газообразный материал, сжатый первым расширителем имеет давление, составляющее более чем 5171 кПа (абс.).14. The system for liquefying natural gas according to claim 1, in which the gaseous material compressed by the first expander has a pressure of more than 5171 kPa (abs.). 15. Система для сжижения природного газа по п. 4 или 5, в которой газообразный материал, сжатый вторым расширителем, имеет давление, составляющее более чем 5171 кПа (абс.).15. The system for liquefying natural gas according to claim 4 or 5, in which the gaseous material compressed by the second expander has a pressure of more than 5171 kPa (abs.). 16. Система для сжижения природного газа по любому из пп. 1-8, дополнительно содержащая теплообменник для теплообмена между газообразным материалом, вводимым в дистилляционный блок, и верхней фракцией из дистилляционного блока.16. The system for liquefying natural gas according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, further comprising a heat exchanger for heat exchange between the gaseous material introduced into the distillation unit and the upper fraction from the distillation unit. 17. Система для сжижения природного газа по любому из пп. 1-8, дополнительно содержащая первый разделяющий газовую и жидкую фазы резервуар, который принимает верхнюю фракцию из дистилляционного блока, и третий охлаждающий блок, который расположен между дистилляционным блоком и первым разделяющим газовую и жидкую фазы резервуаром и охлаждает верхнюю фракцию из дистилляционного блока.17. System for liquefying natural gas according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, further comprising a first gas and liquid phase separating tank that receives the upper fraction from the distillation unit, and a third cooling unit, which is located between the distillation unit and the first gas and liquid phase separating tank and cools the upper fraction from the distillation unit. 18. Система для сжижения природного газа по любому из пп. 1-8, дополнительно содержащая второй теплообменник для теплообмена между газообразным материалом, вводимым в первый компрессор, и газообразным материалом, сжатым первым компрессором.18. A system for liquefying natural gas according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, further comprising a second heat exchanger for heat exchange between the gaseous material introduced into the first compressor and the gaseous material compressed by the first compressor. 19. Система для сжижения природного газа по п. 18, дополнительно содержащая пятый охлаждающий блок для охлаждения газообразного материала, сжатого первым компрессором, в точке выше по потоку относительно второго теплообменника посредством использования воды, воздуха или пропана в качестве хладагента.19. The system for liquefying natural gas according to claim 18, further comprising a fifth cooling unit for cooling the gaseous material compressed by the first compressor at a point upstream of the second heat exchanger by using water, air or propane as a refrigerant. 20. Система для сжижения природного газа по п. 18, дополнительно содержащая третий теплообменник для теплообмена между газообразным материалом, сжатым первым компрессором, и верхней фракцией из дистилляционного блока.20. The system for liquefying natural gas according to claim 18, further comprising a third heat exchanger for heat exchange between the gaseous material compressed by the first compressor and the upper fraction from the distillation unit. 21. Система для сжижения природного газа, которая охлаждает природный газ для производства сжиженного природного газа, включающая:21. A system for liquefying natural gas, which cools natural gas for the production of liquefied natural gas, including: первый расширитель для производства энергии посредством расширения природного газа под давлением в качестве газообразного материала;a first expander for generating energy by expanding natural gas under pressure as a gaseous material; дистилляционный блок для уменьшения содержания или удаления тяжелого компонента, содержащегося в газообразном материале, посредством дистилляции газообразного материала, имеющего пониженное давление за счет расширения в первом расширителе;a distillation unit for reducing the content or removal of the heavy component contained in the gaseous material by distilling the gaseous material having a reduced pressure due to expansion in the first expander; первый компрессор для сжатия газообразного материала, из которого частично или полностью удален тяжелый компонент посредством дистилляционного блока, за счет использования энергии, производимой в первом расширителе; иa first compressor for compressing the gaseous material from which the heavy component is partially or completely removed by means of a distillation unit, by using the energy produced in the first expander; and сжижающий блок для сжижения газообразного материала, сжатого первым компрессором, посредством теплообмена с хладагентом.a liquefaction unit for liquefying a gaseous material compressed by a first compressor by heat exchange with a refrigerant. 22. Способ сжижения природного газа посредством охлаждения природного газа для производства сжиженного природного газа, включающий:22. A method of liquefying natural gas by cooling natural gas to produce liquefied natural gas, comprising: первую стадию расширения для производства энергии посредством расширения природного газа под давлением в качестве газообразного материала;a first expansion step for generating energy by expanding natural gas under pressure as a gaseous material; первую стадию охлаждения для охлаждения газообразного материала, имеющего пониженное давление посредством расширения на первой стадии расширения;a first cooling step for cooling a gaseous material having a reduced pressure by expansion in a first expansion step; стадию дистилляции для уменьшения содержания или удаления тяжелого компонента, содержащегося в газообразном материале, посредством дистилляции газообразного материала, охлажденного на первой стадии охлаждения;a distillation step for reducing the content or removal of the heavy component contained in the gaseous material by distilling the gaseous material cooled in the first cooling step; первую стадию сжатия для сжатия газообразного материала, из которого частично или полностью удаляют тяжелый компонент на стадии дистилляции, за счет использования энергии, производимой на первой стадии расширения; иa first compression step for compressing the gaseous material from which the heavy component is partially or completely removed in the distillation step by using the energy produced in the first expansion step; and стадию сжижения для сжижения газообразного материала, сжатого на первой стадии сжатия, посредством теплообмена с хладагентом.a liquefaction step for liquefying a gaseous material compressed in a first compression step by heat exchange with a refrigerant.
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