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RU2016110087A - Склеивание композиционных материалов - Google Patents

Склеивание композиционных материалов

Info

Publication number
RU2016110087A
RU2016110087A RU2016110087A RU2016110087A RU2016110087A RU 2016110087 A RU2016110087 A RU 2016110087A RU 2016110087 A RU2016110087 A RU 2016110087A RU 2016110087 A RU2016110087 A RU 2016110087A RU 2016110087 A RU2016110087 A RU 2016110087A
Authority
RU
Russia
Prior art keywords
composite substrate
matrix resin
resin
outer layer
thermosetting resin
Prior art date
Application number
RU2016110087A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
RU2633581C2 (ru
Inventor
Леонард МАКАДАМС
Далип К. КОХЛИ
Original Assignee
Сайтек Индастриз Инк.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Сайтек Индастриз Инк. filed Critical Сайтек Индастриз Инк.
Publication of RU2016110087A publication Critical patent/RU2016110087A/ru
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of RU2633581C2 publication Critical patent/RU2633581C2/ru

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/4835—Heat curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
    • B29C66/0224—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping with removal of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30321—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of protrusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30322—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of protrusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined in the form of rugosity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7316—Surface properties
    • B29C66/73161—Roughness or rugosity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73751—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B27/04—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as impregnant, bonding, or embedding substance
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • B32B37/0038—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding involving application of liquid to the layers prior to lamination, e.g. wet laminating
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    • B32B37/02—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by a sequence of laminating steps, e.g. by adding new layers at consecutive laminating stations
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Claims (31)

1. Способ подготовки поверхности перед соединением путем склеивания, включающий
(a) обеспечение композитной подложки, содержащей армирующие волокна, пропитанные отверждаемой первой матричной смолой;
(b) нанесение удаляемого, обогащенного смолой внешнего слоя на поверхность композитной подложки, при этом указанный внешний слой содержит тканое полотно, пропитанное отверждаемой второй матричной смолой, отличающейся от первой матричной смолы;
(c) совместное отверждение композитной подложки и внешнего слоя до тех пор, пока композитная подложка не отвердится полностью, но при этом вторая матричная смола во внешнем слое остается частично отвержденной; и
(d) удаление внешнего слоя с поверхности композитной подложки, с сохранением на поверхности композитной подложки тонкой пленки частично отвержденной второй матричной смолы, причем указанная тонкая пленка обеспечивает шероховатую, способную к склеиванию поверхность с химически активными функциональными группами.
2. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что вторая матричная смола содержит одну или более многофункциональных эпоксидных смол и после удаления внешнего слоя химически активные функциональные группы на шероховатой способной к склеиванию поверхности содержат эпоксидные функциональные группы.
3. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что вторая матричная смола содержит по меньшей мере одну термореактивную смолу и по меньшей мере один отверждающий агент для сшивания термореактивной смолы, при этом молярное отношение термореактивной смолы к отверждающему агенту таково, что после совместного отверждения на стадии (c) во внешнем слое имеется непрореагировавшая, несшитая термореактивная смола.
4. Способ по п. 3, отличающийся тем, что отношение отверждающего агента к термореактивной смоле таково, что количество отверждающего агента является недостаточным для взаимодействия со 100% термореактивной смолы.
5. Способ по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что вторая матричная смола содержит одну или более многофункциональных эпоксидных смол, но не содержит какого-либо отверждающего агента для сшивания эпоксидных смол.
6. Способ по любому из пп. 1-5, отличающийся тем, что тонкая пленка частично отвержденной второй матричной смолы, оставшаяся на поверхности композитной подложки, имеет более низкую температуру стеклования (Tg), чем пленка матричной смолы на композитной подложке, вследствие неполного отверждения.
7. Отвержденная композитная подложка, имеющая шероховатую, способную к склеиванию поверхность с химически активными функциональными группами, полученная способом по любому из пп. 1-6.
8. Способ склеивания, включающий
(a) обеспечение первой композитной подложки, содержащей армирующие волокна, пропитанные отверждаемой первой матричной смолой;
(b) нанесение удаляемого, обогащенного смолой внешнего слоя на поверхность первой композитной подложки, при этом указанный внешний слой содержит тканое полотно, пропитанное отверждаемой второй матричной смолой, отличающейся от первой матричной смолы;
(c) совместное отверждение первой композитной подложки и внешнего слоя до тех пор, пока первая композитная подложка не отвердится полностью, но при этом вторая матричная смола во внешнем слое остается частично отвержденной;
(d) удаление внешнего слоя с поверхности первой композитной подложки, с сохранением на поверхности первой композитной подложки тонкой пленки частично отвержденной второй матричной смолы, причем указанная тонкая пленка обеспечивает шероховатую, способную к склеиванию поверхность с химически активными функциональными группами;
(e) соединение отвержденной первой композитной подложки со второй композитной подложкой с помощью отверждаемой адгезивной пленки, расположенной между указанными композитными подложками, при этом указанная адгезивная пленка находится в контакте со способной к склеиванию поверхностью первой композитной подложки, причем отверждаемая адгезивная пленка содержит химически активные функциональные группы, способные взаимодействовать с химически активными функциональными группами на способной к склеиванию поверхности первой композитной подложки; и
(f) отверждение адгезивной пленки с образованием ковалентно-связанной структуры, вследствие чего функциональные группы на адгезивной пленке взаимодействуют с функциональными группами на способной к склеиванию поверхности первой композитной подложки с образованием ковалентных связей.
9. Способ склеивания по п. 8, отличающийся тем, что вторую композитную подложку отверждают перед соединением с отвержденной первой композитной подложкой.
10. Способ склеивания по п. 8 или 9, отличающийся тем, что отвержденная вторая композитная подложка содержит шероховатую, способную к склеиванию поверхность, содержащую химически активные функциональные группы, полученную тем же способом, который использовали для формирования шероховатой способной к склеиванию поверхности отвержденной первой композитной подложки.
11. Способ склеивания по любому из пп. 9-10, отличающийся тем, что до соединения с первой композитной подложкой вторая композитная подложка является неотвержденной или частично отвержденной, и во время стадии (f) адгезивная пленка и вторая композитная подложка отверждаются одновременно.
12. Способ склеивания по любому из пп. 9-11, отличающийся тем, что вторая матричная смола содержит одну или более многофункциональных эпоксидных смол и после удаления внешнего слоя химически активные функциональные группы на шероховатой способной к склеиванию поверхности первой композитной подложки содержат эпоксидные функциональные группы.
13. Способ склеивания по п. 12, отличающийся тем, что отверждаемая адгезивная пленка содержит по меньшей мере одну многофункциональную эпоксидную смолу и по меньшей мере одно алифатическое или циклическое аминосоединение, способное взаимодействовать с многофункциональными эпоксидными смолами.
14. Способ склеивания по любому из пп. 9-13, отличающийся тем, что вторая матричная смола содержит по меньшей мере одну термореактивную смолу и по меньшей мере один отверждающий агент для сшивания термореактивной смолы, при этом молярное отношение термореактивной смолы к отверждающему агенту таково, что количество отверждающего агента является недостаточным для взаимодействия с 100% термореактивной смолы, и, следовательно, после совместного отверждения на стадии (c) во внешнем слое имеется непрореагировавшая, несшитая термореактивная смола.
15. Ковалентно-связанная структура, полученная способом по любому из пп. 9-14.
16. Отверждаемая композитная структура, содержащая
удаляемый обогащенный смолой внешний слой на поверхности композитной подложки,
при этом указанная композитная подложка содержит армирующие волокна, пропитанные отверждаемой первой матричной смолой, и внешний слой содержит ткань, пропитанную отверждаемой второй матричной смолой, отличающейся от первой матричной смолы и
при этом (i) вторая матричная смола содержит отверждающий агент в количестве, недостаточном для полного отверждения второй матричной смолы при тех же самых условиях отверждения, которые приводят к полному отверждению первой матричной смолы.
17. Отверждаемая композитная структура по п. 16, отличающаяся тем, что вторая матричная смола содержит по меньшей мере одну термореактивную смолу и по меньшей мере один отверждающий агент для сшивания термореактивной смолы, при этом молярное отношение термореактивной смолы к отверждающему агенту таково, что количество отверждающего агента является недостаточным для взаимодействия со 100% термореактивной смолы, когда первую и вторую матричные смолы подвергают одинаковым условиям отверждения, которые приводят к полному отверждению первой матричной смолы, и, следовательно, после полного отверждения первой матричной смолы во внешнем слое присутствует непрореагировавшая, несшитая термореактивная смола.
18. Отверждаемая композитная структура по п. 17, отличающаяся тем, что по меньшей мере одна термореактивная смола во второй матричной смоле представляет собой многофункциональную эпоксидную смолу.
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