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RU2016106291A - Катализатор обработки проскочившего аммиака - Google Patents

Катализатор обработки проскочившего аммиака Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2016106291A
RU2016106291A RU2016106291A RU2016106291A RU2016106291A RU 2016106291 A RU2016106291 A RU 2016106291A RU 2016106291 A RU2016106291 A RU 2016106291A RU 2016106291 A RU2016106291 A RU 2016106291A RU 2016106291 A RU2016106291 A RU 2016106291A
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Russia
Prior art keywords
catalyst
catalyst layer
exhaust gas
oxidation
substrate
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RU2016106291A
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English (en)
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RU2675363C2 (ru
RU2016106291A3 (ru
Inventor
Джозеф Майкл ФЕДЕЙКО
Кевин ДОУРА
Эрих Конлан ВАЙГЕРТ
Джулиан Питер КОКС
Хай-Ин ЧЭНЬ
Пол Джозеф АНДЕРСЕН
Original Assignee
Джонсон Мэтти Паблик Лимитед Компани
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Publication of RU2016106291A publication Critical patent/RU2016106291A/ru
Publication of RU2016106291A3 publication Critical patent/RU2016106291A3/ru
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    • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/064—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
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    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
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Claims (40)

1. Катализаторное изделие для обработки выхлопного газа, включающее подложку, содержащую первый слой катализатора, размещенный на и/или внутри подложки, и второй слой катализатора, нанесенный поверх первого слоя катализатора; в котором первый слой катализатора содержит первый катализатор окисления, а второй слой катализатора содержит смесь (i) второго катализатора окисления, состоящего из палладия на носителе, и (ii) катализатора селективного восстановления NOX и/или накопления NH3; и в котором первый и второй катализаторы окисления представляют собой различные составы.
2. Каталитзаторное изделие для обработки выхлопного газа, включающее:
a. подложку;
b. первый слой катализатора окисления, размещенный на и/или внутри подложки;
c. второй слой катализатора, нанесенный или размещенный поверх первого слоя катализатора, где второй слой содержит катализатор селективного восстановления NOX и/или накопления NH3; и
d. третий слой катализатора, нанесенный или размещенный поверх второго слоя катализатора, где третий слой катализатора содержит второй катализатор окисления, состоящий из Pd на носителе;
в котором первый и второй катализаторы окисления представляют собой различные составы.
3. Катализаторное изделие для обработки выхлопного газа, включающее:
a. подложку;
b. первый слой катализатора, содержащий первый катализатор окисления, размещенный на и/или внутри подложки;
c. второй слой катализатора, нанесенный или размещенный поверх первого слоя катализатора, где второй слой содержит катализатор селективного восстановления NOX и/или накопления NH3; и
d. третий слой катализатора, нанесенный или размещенный выше по потоку относительно первого и второго слоев катализатора, где третий слой катализатора содержит второй катализатор окисления, состоящий из Pd на носителе;
в котором первый и второй катализаторы окисления представляют собой различные составы.
4. Катализаторное изделие по п.2 или 3, в котором третий слой катализатора практически не содержит рутения, рения, родия, серебра, осмия, иридия, платины, золота, щелочных и щелочноземельных металлов, а также переходных металлов, за исключением переходных металлов в виде частиц оксида металла, используемых в качестве носителя для палладия.
5. Катализаторное изделие по любому из пп. 1-3, в котором второй слой катализатора практически не содержит Ag, Au, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir и Os.
6. Катализаторное изделие по любому из пп. 1-3, в котором первый катализатор окисления представляет собой благородный металл на носителе.
7. Катализаторное изделие по любому из пп. 1-3, в котором первый катализатор окисления представляет собой Pt, нанесенную на частицы оксида металла, или смесь Pt и Pd, нанесенную на частицы оксида металла.
8. Каталитическое изделие по любому из пп. 1-3, в котором катализатором селективного восстановления NOX и/или накопления NH3 является цеолит, на который загрузили Fe и/или Cu.
9. Катализатор по любому из пп. 1-3, в котором подложка представляет собой проточный сотовый блок, имеющий пористость стенок приблизительно 50-65%.
10. Катализаторное изделие по любому из пп. 1-3, в котором большая часть первого слоя катализатора размещена внутри стенок подложки, а большая часть второго слоя катализатора размещена на поверхности стенок подложки.
11. Система для обработки выхлопного газа, включающая:
a. коллектор выхлопного газа;
b. подсистему для введения азотсодержащего восстановителя в выхлопной газ;
c. катализатор SCR; и
d. катализаторное изделие по любому из пп. 1-10;
в которой компоненты (a)-(d) последовательно соединены по текучей среде и расположены, соответственно, в последовательном порядке по направлению потока; и в которой система не содержит катализаторы окисления между подложкой и коллектором выхлопного газа.
12. Система для обработки выхлопного газа, включающая:
a. первый катализатор окисления для получения отношения NO/NO2, составляющего от приблизительно 4:1 до приблизительно 1:3;
b. подсистему для введения азотсодержащего восстановителя в выхлопной газ;
c. катализатор SCR;
d. инжектор для введения топлива в выхлопной газ;
e. второй проточный монолит, содержащий второй слой катализатора, размещенный на и/или внутри подложки, и первый слой катализатора, нанесенный, по меньшей мере, на часть второго слоя катализатора, в котором первый слой катализатора содержит смесь (i) первого катализатора окисления, состоящего из палладия на первом носителе, и (ii) катализатора селективного восстановления NOX и/или накопления NH3, а второй слой катализатора содержит второй катализатор окисления; где подложка соединена по текучей среде с коллектором выхлопного газа; и
f. фильтр твердых частиц выхлопа дизельных двигателей;
в которой компоненты (a)-(e) расположены соответственно, в последовательном порядке по направлению потока.
13. Способ обработки выхлопного газа, включающий контактирование выхлопного газа, содержащего NH3, с катализаторным изделием по любому из пп. 1-10; в котором указанное контактирование приводит к (a) накоплению, по меньшей мере, части NH3 во втором слое катализатора; (b) окислению, по меньшей мере, части NH3 с образованием N2 и/или вторичного NOX; и (c) селективному восстановлению, по меньшей мере, части вторичного NOX с использованием накопленного NH3 с получением N2 и H2O.
14. Способ по п. 13, в котором выхлопной газ дополнительно содержит CO и/или углеводороды; и в котором указанное контактирование приводит к окислению, по меньшей мере, части CO и/или углеводородов с образованием CO2 и необязательно H2O.
15. Способ по п. 13 или 14, дополнительно включающий стадии:
d. введения топлива в выхлопной газ в области выше по потоку относительно катализаторного изделия;
e. контактирования топлива с катализаторным изделием для окисления топлива и получения нагретого выхлопного газа; и
f. использования нагретого выхлопного газа для регенерации расположенного ниже по потоку фильтра твердых частиц.
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