RU2010522C1 - Device for scaring away crop pests in soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: device comprises electrodes 1 in the form of horizontal conductors combined in two groups with alternating conductors of different groups, the group outputs being connected across modulator 2 with low-voltage source 3. Electrodes 1 may be disposed at a depth equal to half the maximum depth of root system of plants to be protected. Bare output terminals of electrodes 1 are arranged on the ends opposite to connections with voltage source 3. The electrodes are laid fanwise, diverging from the ends connected to voltage source. The frequency of main harmonica of electric pulse source is selected within a range of 6-20 Hz. EFFECT: improved design. 4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of crop production and can be used for growing environmentally friendly products.

 Currently, pesticides are used to protect the root and root systems of plants from pests, which not only degrade the quality of products, but also destroy beneficial microorganisms, insects (earthworms, ants, snails) and animals.

 A device for electric sterilization of the soil is known, including a source of electrical voltage and movable electrodes connected to it.

 The main disadvantage of the known device is the use of a high voltage source, which leads to soil sterilization, that is, to the destruction of beneficial microorganisms, insects and animals in the soil.

 The closest in technical essence is a device for protecting plants from pests in the soil, including a source of electrical voltage and electrodes connected to it located in the soil. The voltage source is selected as high voltage.

 The disadvantage of this device is the low effectiveness of the protection, expressed in the possibility of protecting the device with a small number of plants, uneconomical device, the destruction of beneficial microorganisms, insects and animals, as well as the danger of the device to staff and pets.

 The basis of the present invention is the task of creating such a device for repelling plant pests in the soil in which the constructive implementation of electrodes, a voltage source and their connection would improve the protection efficiency by providing the possibility of simultaneous protection of areas of large areas (a large number of plants), increase the efficiency of the device, save beneficial microorganisms, insects and animals, as well as eliminating the danger to staff and pets.

 This goal is achieved due to the fact that in the known device for protecting plants from pests in the soil, including a voltage source and electrodes connected to it, located in the soil, according to the invention, the electrodes are made in the form of long horizontal conductors combined in two groups, arranged alternately conductors from various groups, and the outputs of the groups are connected through a modulator (for example, two-position) with a low-voltage voltage source, made in the form of an electric pulse source th voltage. The electrodes can be located at a depth equal to half the maximum depth of the root system of protected plants. The terminals of the electrodes can be made at their ends, and the electrodes are fan-shaped, diverging from the ends, not equipped with leads. The frequency of the fundamental harmonic of a voltage pulse source can be selected from a range of 6-20 Hz.

 The implementation of the electrodes in the form of long horizontal conductors, combined in two groups provides the ability to simultaneously protect the areas of crops of large areas (a large number of plants). The location of the electrodes with alternating conductors from different groups, the location of the electrodes at a depth equal to half the maximum depth of the root system of the plants to be protected and the leads of the electrodes at their ends with the arrangement of the electrodes fan-shaped, diverging from the ends not equipped with leads, ensures uniform distribution of current density in the protected soil volume. Connecting the electrodes to a low-voltage voltage source allows you to save useful microorganisms, insects and animals in the soil and also ensure the safety of the movement of staff and pets in the protected area. Connecting the electrodes through the modulator to the voltage source allows you to save electricity at the time of disconnecting the voltage source from the electrodes. The choice of the frequency of the fundamental harmonic of the source of pulses of electric voltage from the range of 6-20 Hz allows, regardless of the shape of the fundamental and the nature of the modulation, to obtain the frequency of the fundamental of the modulated voltage applied to the electrodes in the range of 6-20 Hz. This frequency range of electrical vibrations is the most unfavorable in terms of effects on living organisms.

 In FIG. 1 is a diagram of a device for repelling plant pests in the soil; in FIG. 2 - section aa.

 The device includes electrodes 1, a modulator 2 and a low-voltage source of electrical voltage 3, made, for example, in the form of a source of pulses of electrical voltage. The electrodes 1 are made in the form of long horizontal conductors, combined into two groups, arranged with alternating conductors from different groups. The findings of the groups are connected through a modulator 2 with a source of electrical voltage 3.

 The device operates as follows.

 Previously, grooves are pulled out on the protected area along the beds and electrodes 1 are laid in them with alternating conductors from different groups. Then the grooves with the electrodes 1 are covered with earth and moistened to improve the electrical contact of the electrodes 1 with the soil. Device include. In this case, the electrodes 1 through the modulator 2 is supplied with electric voltage from a low-voltage source of pulses of electric voltage 3. On the soil through the electrodes 1 is the effect of modulated low electric voltage, which has the effect of repelling pests. The device is left turned on for a period sufficient to protect the plants.

 A device for repelling pests from seedlings of strawberries of the variety "Lord" in the soil is as follows. The size of the protected area is lxd = 4.5 x 8 m. The electrodes 1 are made in the form of long horizontal conductors made of aluminum with a length of l = 4.5 m, combined in two groups with the number of conductors m = 3 and n = 2, respectively, and located in parallel, with alternating conductors from various groups at a depth of 0.1 m, equal to half the maximum depth of the root system of protected plants. The findings of the groups through the relay modulator 2 are connected to a low-voltage voltage source 3 at one end of the protected area. The diameter of the electrodes 1 was chosen equal to 1 mm so that the voltage difference between the electrodes 1 from different groups at different ends of the protected section was not more than 10%. As a source of pulses of electric voltage 3 with a frequency of 50 Hz, a step-down network transformer with an open circuit voltage on the secondary winding U = 13.8 V was selected. Such a choice of a voltage source 3 makes it possible to simplify the claimed device as much as possible. The electric field in the soil on the line connecting the electrodes 1 was about E = U / [d (m + n-1)] = 6.9 V / m. This magnitude of the electric field is unfavorable in terms of exposure to living organisms [3]. Modulator 2 formed packs of pulses of electrical voltage lasting 1 s with a repetition period of 4 s. The total current consumed in the pulse from the source of the voltage pulses 3, amounted to 1.23 A. The device remained on for the entire period of maturation of plants from planting to assembly. As a result, the defeat of seedlings by the bear and the larva of the May beetle was excluded. Productivity increased by an average of 40%.

 Thus, the use of the proposed device to repel plant pests in the soil will improve the efficiency of this process. The increase in efficiency is expressed in providing the possibility of simultaneous protection of areas of large areas (a large number of plants), increasing the efficiency of the device, preserving useful microorganisms, insects and animals, as well as eliminating the risk of electric shock for staff and pets. (56) O.K. Kharchev. Fishery facilities. M. -L. Gosstroyizdat Narcomstroy, 1940, p. 143, 183-190.

Claims (4)

 1. A DEVICE for repelling pests of plants in the soil, containing a voltage source and electrodes for placement in the soil, characterized in that it is equipped with a modulator, and the electrodes for placement in the soil are made in the form of electrodes for horizontal installation in the soil, are combined in two groups, connected through a modulator to opposite-pole terminals of an electric voltage source, and arranged with alternating electrodes for placement in soil from various groups.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes for horizontal installation in the soil are made in the form of electrodes for location in the soil at a depth equal to half the maximum depth of the root system of protected plants.  3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the electrodes for horizontal installation in the soil are arranged to be located in the same plane with the same angular displacement between each other and with an increase in the gap between adjacent electrodes in the direction to the ends of these electrodes connected to the modulator.  4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that as a source of electrical voltage with a fundamental frequency of 6 to 20 Hz.

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