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RU2010118167A - METHOD FOR CARRYING OUT PYROLYSIS - Google Patents

METHOD FOR CARRYING OUT PYROLYSIS Download PDF

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RU2010118167A
RU2010118167A RU2010118167/05A RU2010118167A RU2010118167A RU 2010118167 A RU2010118167 A RU 2010118167A RU 2010118167/05 A RU2010118167/05 A RU 2010118167/05A RU 2010118167 A RU2010118167 A RU 2010118167A RU 2010118167 A RU2010118167 A RU 2010118167A
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pyrolysis
stage
boiler
product
additional
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RU2010118167/05A
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Russian (ru)
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RU2502779C2 (en
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Кай СИПИЛЯ (FI)
Кай СИПИЛЯ
Ирьё СОЛАНТАУСТА (FI)
Ирьё СОЛАНТАУСТА
Пекка ЙОКЕЛА (FI)
Пекка ЙОКЕЛА
Маркку РАЙКО (US)
Маркку РАЙКО
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Валтион Текниллинен Туткимускескус (Fi)
Валтион Текниллинен Туткимускескус
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/16—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form
    • C10B49/20—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form
    • C10B49/22—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
    • C10K3/006—Reducing the tar content by steam reforming
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983—Additives
    • C10J2300/0993—Inert particles, e.g. as heat exchange medium in a fluidized or moving bed, heat carriers, sand
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1246—Heating the gasifier by external or indirect heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
    • C10J2300/1637—Char combustion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1659—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to liquid hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1665—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to alcohols, e.g. methanol or ethanol
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

1. Способ осуществления пиролиза, при котором первый исходный материал подают в котел для сжигания, а второй исходный материал подают в реактор пиролиза, которые объединены друг с другом; при этом в котле для сжигания из первого исходного материала получают энергию и передают ее из котла для сжигания в реактор пиролиза с помощью теплоносителя, теплоноситель нагревают в котле для сжигания, а в реакторе пиролиза из второго исходного материала получают газообразные и жидкие фракции продукта посредством быстрого пиролиза, отличающийся тем, что второй исходный материал смешивают с газом-носителем для получения смеси, а нагретый теплоноситель направляют в данную смесь, и получение фракций продукта пиролиза и энергии регулируют путем оптимизации выбора исходного материала, состава суммарного продукта и себестоимости производства, цены и качества по меньшей мере одной из фракций продукта посредством изменения технологических параметров, которые выбирают из группы, включающей первый исходный материал, второй исходный материал, количества исходных материалов, выбор дополнительных веществ, технологический режим, выбор дополнительной стадии процесса, состав и количество применяемого газа-носителя, количество кислорода, выбор теплоносителя и содержание влаги в исходном материале. ! 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что газообразные фракции продукта, полученные во время пиролиза, главным образом, конденсируют в жидкие продукты пиролиза. ! 3. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что исходный материал выбирают из группы, включающей органическое вещество, стружки, щепу лесоматериалов, древесину, кору, опилки, солому, угол 1. A method for carrying out pyrolysis, in which a first raw material is fed to a combustion boiler, and a second raw material is fed to a pyrolysis reactor, which are combined with each other; while in the combustion boiler, energy is obtained from the first source material and transferred from the combustion boiler to the pyrolysis reactor using a heat carrier, the heat carrier is heated in the combustion boiler, and in the pyrolysis reactor, gaseous and liquid product fractions are obtained from the second starting material by means of rapid pyrolysis characterized in that the second starting material is mixed with a carrier gas to obtain a mixture, and the heated heat carrier is directed into this mixture, and the production of pyrolysis product and energy fractions is controlled by optimizing the choice of the starting material, the composition of the total product and the production cost, price and quality at least one of the product fractions by changing technological parameters, which are selected from the group including the first starting material, the second starting material, the amount of starting materials, the choice of additional substances, the technological mode, the choice of an additional stage of the process, the composition and the amount of applied o carrier gas, amount of oxygen, choice of heat carrier and moisture content of the feed. ! 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gaseous product fractions obtained during pyrolysis are mainly condensed into liquid pyrolysis products. ! 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the source material is selected from the group including organic matter, shavings, wood chips, wood, bark, sawdust, straw, angle

Claims (15)

1. Способ осуществления пиролиза, при котором первый исходный материал подают в котел для сжигания, а второй исходный материал подают в реактор пиролиза, которые объединены друг с другом; при этом в котле для сжигания из первого исходного материала получают энергию и передают ее из котла для сжигания в реактор пиролиза с помощью теплоносителя, теплоноситель нагревают в котле для сжигания, а в реакторе пиролиза из второго исходного материала получают газообразные и жидкие фракции продукта посредством быстрого пиролиза, отличающийся тем, что второй исходный материал смешивают с газом-носителем для получения смеси, а нагретый теплоноситель направляют в данную смесь, и получение фракций продукта пиролиза и энергии регулируют путем оптимизации выбора исходного материала, состава суммарного продукта и себестоимости производства, цены и качества по меньшей мере одной из фракций продукта посредством изменения технологических параметров, которые выбирают из группы, включающей первый исходный материал, второй исходный материал, количества исходных материалов, выбор дополнительных веществ, технологический режим, выбор дополнительной стадии процесса, состав и количество применяемого газа-носителя, количество кислорода, выбор теплоносителя и содержание влаги в исходном материале.1. The method of pyrolysis, in which the first source material is fed into the boiler for combustion, and the second source material is fed into the pyrolysis reactor, which are combined with each other; while in the boiler for burning from the first source material, energy is received and transferred from the boiler for burning to the pyrolysis reactor using a heat carrier, the heat carrier is heated in the boiler for burning, and in the pyrolysis reactor, gaseous and liquid fractions of the product are obtained by rapid pyrolysis characterized in that the second source material is mixed with a carrier gas to obtain a mixture, and the heated coolant is sent to this mixture, and the regulation of the production of pyrolysis product fractions and energy t by optimizing the selection of the starting material, the composition of the total product and the cost of production, price and quality of at least one of the product fractions by changing the technological parameters that are selected from the group including the first starting material, second starting material, the amount of starting materials, the choice of additional substances , technological mode, selection of an additional stage of the process, composition and amount of carrier gas used, amount of oxygen, choice of coolant and moisture content in the source material. 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что газообразные фракции продукта, полученные во время пиролиза, главным образом, конденсируют в жидкие продукты пиролиза.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gaseous product fractions obtained during the pyrolysis are mainly condensed into liquid pyrolysis products. 3. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что исходный материал выбирают из группы, включающей органическое вещество, стружки, щепу лесоматериалов, древесину, кору, опилки, солому, уголь, торф, масло, горючий сланец, бурый уголь, нефть, биомассу, энергосодержащие отходы, пластмассу, пластмассовые отходы, топливосодержащие отходы, топливо, полученное из отходов (ТПО), скипидар, черный щелок, органический растворитель и их производные.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the source material is selected from the group comprising organic matter, shavings, wood chips, wood, bark, sawdust, straw, coal, peat, oil, oil shale, brown coal, oil, biomass , energy-containing waste, plastic, plastic waste, fuel-containing waste, fuel derived from waste (TPO), turpentine, black liquor, organic solvent and their derivatives. 4. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что данный способ включает многостадийный пиролиз, где быстрый пиролиз осуществляют в качестве первой стадии, а фракции продукта с более высоким качеством и/или дополнительные фракции продукта получают во время второй стадии путем применения дополнительной стадии.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method includes multistage pyrolysis, where fast pyrolysis is carried out as a first stage, and higher quality product fractions and / or additional product fractions are obtained during the second stage by applying an additional stage. 5. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что данный способ включает многостадийный пиролиз, где дополнительную стадию осуществляют в качестве первой стадии, а быстрый пиролиз осуществляют в качестве второй стадии, чтобы получить фракции продукта с более высоким качеством и/или дополнительные фракции продукта.5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method includes multi-stage pyrolysis, where the additional stage is carried out as a first stage, and fast pyrolysis is carried out as a second stage, to obtain product fractions with higher quality and / or additional product fractions . 6. Способ по п.4, отличающийся тем, что дополнительную стадию выбирают из группы, включающей сушку, стадию повышения температуры, стадию газификации, отделение пыли, риформинг, паровой риформинг, разделение фракций продукта и отделение твердых веществ.6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the additional step is selected from the group consisting of drying, a step for raising the temperature, a gasification step, dust separation, reforming, steam reforming, product fraction separation and solids separation. 7. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что осуществление стадии пиролиза модифицируют в данном способе посредством по меньшей мере одной особой операции, которую выбирают из группы, включающей регулирование температуры, выбор газа-носителя, подачу пара и добавление кислорода.7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the implementation of the pyrolysis stage is modified in this method by at least one special operation, which is selected from the group including temperature control, selection of a carrier gas, steam supply and the addition of oxygen. 8. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что газ-носитель выбирают из группы, включающей газообразные продукты сгорания, водяной пар, воздух и их смесь.8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier gas is selected from the group comprising gaseous products of combustion, water vapor, air and a mixture thereof. 9. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что газ-носитель содержит кислород.9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier gas contains oxygen. 10. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что в газ-носитель добавляют дополнительный кислород.10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that additional oxygen is added to the carrier gas. 11. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что большинство потоков побочных продуктов, потоков остатков и потоков отходов направляют в котел для сжигания.11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that most of the by-product streams, residue streams and waste streams are sent to a boiler for burning. 12. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что для передачи энергии из котла для сжигания на требуемую стадию процесса и/или для регенерации энергии применяют теплоноситель.12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the transfer of energy from the boiler for combustion to the desired stage of the process and / or for energy recovery, a coolant is used. 13. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что теплоноситель выбирают из группы, включающей песок, пластовый песок, материал на основе оксида алюминия, другой материал для создания псевдоожиженного слоя и т.п.13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coolant is selected from the group comprising sand, formation sand, alumina-based material, another material for creating a fluidized bed, and the like. 14. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что теплоноситель прокачивают по замкнутой системе из котла для сжигания в реактор пиролиза и из реактора пиролиза в котел для сжигания через стадию разделения.14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coolant is pumped through a closed system from the boiler for combustion to the pyrolysis reactor and from the pyrolysis reactor to the boiler for combustion through the separation stage. 15. Способ по любому из пп.1-14, отличающийся тем, что технологические параметры выбирают из группы, включающей температуру на стадии пиролиза, температуру на дополнительной стадии, время пребывания в реакторе пиролиза, температуру в котле для сжигания, способ смешивания и порядок смешивания исходных материалов для пиролиза, газа-носителя и теплоносителя, добавление кислорода, циркуляцию теплоносителя и циркуляцию продукта и побочных фракций. 15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the technological parameters are selected from the group including the temperature in the pyrolysis stage, the temperature in the additional stage, the residence time in the pyrolysis reactor, the temperature in the combustion boiler, the mixing method and the mixing order starting materials for pyrolysis, carrier gas and coolant, the addition of oxygen, the circulation of the coolant and the circulation of the product and side fractions.
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