RU201009U1 - DISCHARGE GAP WITH INCREASED STABILITY AND DISCHARGE LENGTH - Google Patents

Abstract

The claimed technical solution refers to the section of the main elements of electrical equipment, namely to spark gaps containing auxiliary starting means. current and voltage This problem is solved due to the fact that a plate of solid dielectric with a high dielectric constant is installed in parallel to the two electrodes of the spark gap. The plate is installed at a certain distance from the electrodes so that spark discharges do not come into contact with it. This distance allows the plate not to deform. An important aspect is the surface of the plate, which has a micron-sized relief, where surface charges accumulate. They bend the electric field in the spark gap, thereby forming areas of increased field strength. This causes a drop in the average breakdown voltage of the gas. Thus, the dielectric plate initiates the breakdown of the spark gap without contact with the surface of the plasma discharge channel. The result, which is provided by the above set of features, is an increase in the length of a stable discharge and an increase in the service life of the spark gap.

Description

Technology area

The claimed technical solution relates to the section of the main elements of electrical equipment, namely, spark gaps containing auxiliary starting means. The device can be used in high-voltage impulse technology, as well as a structural element of electrical ignition devices.

State of the art

Closest to the proposed device is a "controlled solid-state spark gap" (Ru patent No. 2138893 C1 dated 09/27/1999, IPC: Н01Т 2/02, Authors: Bukharov V.F., Selemir V.D., Spirov G.M. , Lobanova I.V.). This invention makes it possible to reduce the dielectric strength of the main discharge gap and to increase the breakdown stability due to the fact that the igniting spark is formed directly in the thickness of the solid dielectric. The disadvantage of the invention lies in the wear of the solid dielectric.

From the existing state of the art known "device and method for unlocking the spark gap" (Ru patent No. 2315406 C2 from 20.01.2008, IPC: Н01Т 1/02, Н01Т 2/02, Н02Н 9/06, Authors: HALVARSSON Per (SE ), JEPPSON Ola (SE), JOHANSSON Jan (SE), PAULSSON Lare (SE)). This device makes it possible to lower the breakdown voltage of the main spark gap and initiate its breakdown by igniting an arc in the additional spark gap. The disadvantage of the device is the need for an additional source of energy for the breakdown of the main spark gap.

Disclosure of a utility model

The problem to be solved by the claimed technical solution is to increase the durability and reliability of the arrester, as well as to increase the length of the spark discharge without changing the supply current and voltage.

This problem is solved by lowering the breakdown tension of the spark gap. For this, a solid dielectric plate with a high dielectric constant is installed parallel to the two electrodes of the spark gap. The dielectric plate is installed at such a distance from the electrodes that spark discharges do not come into contact with the plate and do not deform it. The surface of the plate has a micron-sized relief, where surface charges induced by the electric field of the source accumulate. Accumulations of surface charges distort the electric field in the spark gap, thus forming areas of increased field strength, which causes a drop in the average breakdown strength of the gas. Thus, the dielectric plate initiates the breakdown of the spark gap without contact with the surface of the plasma discharge channel. The drop in the breakdown voltage ensures the stability of the discharge and makes it possible to increase the distance between the spark gap electrodes.

The result, which is provided by the above set of features, is the simplicity and reliability of the arrester design, which does not require an additional source of energy to initiate the discharge. In addition, due to the increase in the length of the discharge, the efficiency of its igniting ability is increased.

Brief description of the drawing

The utility model is illustrated by a drawing. The drawing is presented in a volume sufficient for specialists to understand the utility model, and in no way limits the scope of the utility model. In the drawing, like elements are designated with like reference numbers.

FIG. 1 shows a drawing of an arrester with increased stability and discharge length.

Implementation of the utility model

The spark gap consists of two symmetric electrodes in the form of truncated concave cones 1, separated by a spark gap 2. This shape of the electrodes imparts a large nonuniformity to the electric field in the spark breakdown region. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the gap between the electrodes and the dielectric due to the fact that the discharge breaks out from one point - the top of the cone 6. The cones are truncated to increase their service life. Tapered electrodes are located on a common axis of symmetry and are directed opposite to each other. Parallel to the axis of symmetry of the electrodes, there is a plate 3 made of a solid dielectric, the dielectric constant of which is many times higher than the dielectric constant of the gas in the spark gap. This is required for the highest polarization of the plate. The plate is installed at such a distance 4 from the lower bases of the cone-shaped electrodes, which does not allow the discharge to pass over the surface of the solid dielectric, but, at the same time, allows the dielectric plate to significantly affect the ionization processes in the spark gap. A lot of microcracks 5 are created on the surface of the plate facing the electrodes. In this microrelief, the concentration of surface charges occurs. The configuration of microcracks is similar to a two-dimensional projection of the model of the electric field lines in a similar spark gap with rod electrodes equal in diameter to the lower bases of the arrester cones 1. The depth and concentration of microcracks decreases with distance from the axis of the electrodes. The length 7 of the solid dielectric plate is equal to the distance between the lower bases of the cones. The width 8 of the plate exceeds the diameter of the electrodes. The rigid fixation of the mutual position of the plate 3 and the electrodes 1 is provided by the frame 9, made of a solid dielectric material with high mechanical strength.

The device works as follows: voltage is applied to two electrodes 1 and an electric field is created, which polarizes the plate 3 made of solid dielectric. On the sharp edges of the microrelief 5 of the plate, surface charges are induced, which leads to deformation of the electric field between the electrodes. In areas of increased field strength, ionization begins, the products of which enhance impact ionization in the entire spark gap 2, which leads to a drop in the average breakdown strength of the gas. A discharge breaks out from the top 6 of the cone-shaped electrode.

The advantage of the proposed device is a decrease in voltage at which breakdown occurs, due to which it is possible to increase both the breakdown distance of the spark gap and the service life of the spark gap.

Claims (1)

A spark gap with increased stability and discharge length is characterized by the fact that it includes two symmetric electrodes in the form of truncated concave cones, separated by a spark gap and located opposite each other on a common axis, parallel to which a plate of solid dielectric is installed, characterized in that on its surface facing the electrodes, many microcracks are created, while the depth and concentration of microcracks decreases with distance from the axis of the electrodes, and the configuration of microcracks is similar to a two-dimensional projection of the model of the electric field lines between the electrodes.

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