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RU2008142122A - Спеченный материал, спекаемая порошковая смесь, способ получения материала и его применение - Google Patents

Спеченный материал, спекаемая порошковая смесь, способ получения материала и его применение Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2008142122A
RU2008142122A RU2008142122/15A RU2008142122A RU2008142122A RU 2008142122 A RU2008142122 A RU 2008142122A RU 2008142122/15 A RU2008142122/15 A RU 2008142122/15A RU 2008142122 A RU2008142122 A RU 2008142122A RU 2008142122 A RU2008142122 A RU 2008142122A
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RU
Russia
Prior art keywords
material according
phase
sintered
transition metal
diboride
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RU2008142122/15A
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English (en)
Inventor
Хуберт ТАЛЕР (DE)
Хуберт ТАЛЕР
Клеменс ШМАЛЬЦРИД (DE)
Клеменс ШМАЛЬЦРИД
Франк ВАЛЛЬМАЙЕР (DE)
Франк ВАЛЛЬМАЙЕР
Георг ВИКТОР (DE)
Георг ВИКТОР
Original Assignee
Эск Керамикс Гмбх Унд Ко.Кг (De)
Эск Керамикс Гмбх Унд Ко.Кг
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Publication of RU2008142122A publication Critical patent/RU2008142122A/ru

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Abstract

1. Спеченный материал на основе диборидов переходных металлов, содержащий, ! a) как основную фазу, 90-99 вес.% мелкозернистого диборида переходного металла или смешанного кристалла диборида переходных металлов из по меньшей мере двух диборидов переходных металлов, или смесей таких диборидных смешанных кристаллов, или смесей таких диборидных смешанных кристаллов с одним или несколькими диборидами переходных металлов, причем переходные металлы выбраны из IV-VI подгруппы Периодической системы, ! b) как вторую фазу, 1-5 вес.% карбида бора и/или карбида кремния в виде частиц и, ! c) при необходимости, как третью фазу, до 5 вес.% несплошной, кислородсодержащей зернограничной фазы. ! 2. Материал по п.1, где основная фаза а) имеет средний размер зерна меньше 20 мкм, предпочтительно меньше 10 мкм. ! 3. Материал по п.1 и/или 2, где карбид бора и/или карбид кремния второй фазы b) имеет средний размер частиц менее 20 мкм, предпочтительно менее 5 мкм. ! 4. Материал по п.1 или 2, где доля второй фазы b) составляет 1-4 вес.%. ! 5. Материал по п.1 или 2, где содержание третьей фазы с) составляет до 2,5 вес.%. ! 6. Материал по п.1 или 2, где переходные металлы IV-VI подгруппы выбраны из Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Та, Cr, Mo и W. ! 7. Материал по п.1 или 2, где под основной фазой а) имеется в виду мелкозернистый TiB2 и/или ZrB2, и/или смешанный кристалл (Ti, W)B2 и/или (Zr, W)B2 и/или (Ti, Zr)B2, предпочтительно смешанный кристалл (Ti, W)B2 и/или (Zr, W)B2, более предпочтительно смешанный кристалл (Ti, W)B2 или смешанный кристалл (Zr, W)B2. ! 8. Материал по п.1 или 2, где доля WB2 в основной фазе а) составляет ≤7 вес.%. ! 9. Порошкообразная спекаемая смесь для получения спеченного материала на основе диборидов переходных металлов, содержащая ! 1) 0,

Claims (27)

1. Спеченный материал на основе диборидов переходных металлов, содержащий,
a) как основную фазу, 90-99 вес.% мелкозернистого диборида переходного металла или смешанного кристалла диборида переходных металлов из по меньшей мере двух диборидов переходных металлов, или смесей таких диборидных смешанных кристаллов, или смесей таких диборидных смешанных кристаллов с одним или несколькими диборидами переходных металлов, причем переходные металлы выбраны из IV-VI подгруппы Периодической системы,
b) как вторую фазу, 1-5 вес.% карбида бора и/или карбида кремния в виде частиц и,
c) при необходимости, как третью фазу, до 5 вес.% несплошной, кислородсодержащей зернограничной фазы.
2. Материал по п.1, где основная фаза а) имеет средний размер зерна меньше 20 мкм, предпочтительно меньше 10 мкм.
3. Материал по п.1 и/или 2, где карбид бора и/или карбид кремния второй фазы b) имеет средний размер частиц менее 20 мкм, предпочтительно менее 5 мкм.
4. Материал по п.1 или 2, где доля второй фазы b) составляет 1-4 вес.%.
5. Материал по п.1 или 2, где содержание третьей фазы с) составляет до 2,5 вес.%.
6. Материал по п.1 или 2, где переходные металлы IV-VI подгруппы выбраны из Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Та, Cr, Mo и W.
7. Материал по п.1 или 2, где под основной фазой а) имеется в виду мелкозернистый TiB2 и/или ZrB2, и/или смешанный кристалл (Ti, W)B2 и/или (Zr, W)B2 и/или (Ti, Zr)B2, предпочтительно смешанный кристалл (Ti, W)B2 и/или (Zr, W)B2, более предпочтительно смешанный кристалл (Ti, W)B2 или смешанный кристалл (Zr, W)B2.
8. Материал по п.1 или 2, где доля WB2 в основной фазе а) составляет ≤7 вес.%.
9. Порошкообразная спекаемая смесь для получения спеченного материала на основе диборидов переходных металлов, содержащая
1) 0,05-2 вес.% Аl и/или Si в виде металлического Аl и/или Si, и/или соединения Аl и/или Si в количестве, соответствующем этому содержанию,
2) по выбору, по меньшей мере один компонент, выбранный из карбидов и боридов переходных металлов IV-VI подгрупп Периодической системы,
3) 0,5-12 вес.% бора,
4) 0-5 вес.% карбида бора и/или карбида кремния,
5) 0-5 вес.% углерода и/или соединения углерода, каждый раз в расчете на содержание элементарного углерода, и
6) остальное - по меньшей мере один диборид переходного металла IV-VI подгруппы Периодической системы, который отличается от борида переходного металла вышеуказанного компонента 2).
10. Смесь по п.9, где доля компонента 1) составляет 0,2-0,6 вес.%.
11. Смесь по п.9 и/или 10, где доля компонента 2) составляет ≥0,25 вес.%.
12. Смесь по п.9 или 10, где диборид переходного металла компонента 6) имеет средний размер частиц ≤4 мкм, предпочтительно ≤2 мкм.
13. Смесь по п.9 или 10, где переходные металлы IV-VI подгруппы выбраны из Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Та, Cr, Mo и W.
14. Смесь по п.9 или 10, где компонент 2) является карбидом вольфрама.
15. Смесь по п.9 или 10, где диборид переходного металла компонента 6) является TiB2 и/или ZrB2.
16. Смесь по п.9 или 10, где доля компонента 5) составляет 0,1-1 вес.%.
17. Способ получения спеченного материала по одному из пп.1-8 путем горячего прессования, или горячего изостатического прессования, или спеканием под давлением газа, или искроплазменным спеканием порошкообразной смеси по меньшей мере по одному из пп.9-16, при необходимости с добавлением органических связующих и добавок, облегчающих прессование.
18. Способ получения спеченного материала по одному из пп.1-8 путем спекания без давления, включающий стадии:
a) смешение порошкообразной смеси по меньшей мере по одному из пп.9-16, при необходимости с добавлением органических связующих и добавок, облегчающих прессование, в воду и/или органические растворители для получения однородной суспензии порошка,
b) получение гранулята порошка из суспензии порошка,
c) прессование гранулята порошка с получением неспеченных тел высокой плотности, и
d) спекание без давления полученных неспеченных тел в вакууме или в атмосфере защитного газа при температуре 1800-2200°С.
19. Способ по п.18, где получение гранулята порошка на этапе b) осуществляется путем распылительной сушки.
20. Способ по п.18 и/или 19, где получение неспеченного тела на стадии с) осуществляют путем осевого прессования, холодного изостатического прессования, горячего прессования, штранг-прессования, литьем под давлением, шликерным литьем или шликерным литьем под давлением.
21. Способ по п.18 или 19, где полученные на стадии с) неспеченные тела перед спеканием без давления нагревают в инертной атмосфере до температур ниже температуры спекания.
22. Способ по п.18 или 19, где спекание без давления на стадии d) проводят при температуре в интервале 1900-2100°С, предпочтительно примерно 2000°С.
23. Способ по п.18 или 19, где спеченный без давления материал допрессовывают путем горячего изостатического прессования.
24. Применение спеченного материала по одному из пп.1-8 в качестве материала для защиты от коррозии расплавами солей и металлов, в частности криолитсодержащими расплавами.
25. Применение спеченного материала по одному из пп.1-8 для получения защитных труб для термопар, в частности, для криолитсодержащих расплавов.
26. Применение спеченного материала по одному из пп.1-8 в качестве материала для защиты электродов, материала электродов или материала для футеровки ванн в электролизе расплава для получения алюминия.
27. Применение спеченного материала по одному из пп.1-8 как материала электрода для скользящих контактов, сварочных электродов и расходуемых штырей.
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