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RU2007128005A - PGA extraction combined with liquefied natural gas production - Google Patents

PGA extraction combined with liquefied natural gas production Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2007128005A
RU2007128005A RU2007128005/06A RU2007128005A RU2007128005A RU 2007128005 A RU2007128005 A RU 2007128005A RU 2007128005/06 A RU2007128005/06 A RU 2007128005/06A RU 2007128005 A RU2007128005 A RU 2007128005A RU 2007128005 A RU2007128005 A RU 2007128005A
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RU
Russia
Prior art keywords
stream
methane
enriched
column
irrigation
Prior art date
Application number
RU2007128005/06A
Other languages
Russian (ru)
Other versions
RU2374575C2 (en
Inventor
Адам Адриан БРОСТОУ (US)
Адам Адриан БРОСТОУ
Марк Джулиан РОБЕРТС (US)
Марк Джулиан РОБЕРТС
Original Assignee
Эр Продактс Энд Кемикалз, Инк. (Us)
Эр Продактс Энд Кемикалз, Инк.
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Application filed by Эр Продактс Энд Кемикалз, Инк. (Us), Эр Продактс Энд Кемикалз, Инк. filed Critical Эр Продактс Энд Кемикалз, Инк. (Us)
Publication of RU2007128005A publication Critical patent/RU2007128005A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of RU2374575C2 publication Critical patent/RU2374575C2/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
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    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/0231—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the working-up of the hydrocarbon feed, e.g. reinjection of heavier hydrocarbons into the liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
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    • F25J1/0241—Purification or treatment step being integrated between two refrigeration cycles of a refrigeration cascade, i.e. first cycle providing feed gas cooling and second cycle providing overhead gas cooling wherein the overhead cooling comprises providing reflux for a fractionation step
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
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    • F25J2200/72—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the totally condensed overhead gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/78—Refluxing the column with a liquid stream originating from an upstream or downstream fractionator column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/30—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/50—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using absorption, i.e. with selective solvents or lean oil, heavier CnHm and including generally a regeneration step for the solvent or lean oil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/62—Ethane or ethylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/64—Propane or propylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/66—Butane or mixed butanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/12—External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/66—Closed external refrigeration cycle with multi component refrigerant [MCR], e.g. mixture of hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
    • F25J2280/10—Control for or during start-up and cooling down of the installation

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  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Claims (30)

1. Способ сжижения природного газа и извлечения компонентов, более тяжелых, чем метан, из природного газа, причем способ содержит1. A method of liquefying natural gas and extracting components heavier than methane from natural gas, the method comprising (а) охлаждение подачи природного газа для обеспечения подачи охлажденного природного газа, и введение подачи охлажденного природного газа в первую перегонную колонну;(a) cooling the feed of natural gas to provide a feed of chilled natural gas, and introducing a feed of chilled natural gas into the first distillation column; (b) отвод сверху первой перегонной колонны потока пара, обогащенного метаном, и потока отстоя, обогащенного компонентами, более тяжелыми, чем метан;(b) a top discharge of the first distillation column of a methane-enriched steam stream and a sludge stream enriched in components heavier than methane; (с) охлаждение и конденсацию по меньшей мере части потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны для обеспечения сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока;(c) cooling and condensing at least a portion of the vapor stream discharged from the top of the column to provide a condensed methane-rich stream; (d) разделение потока отстоя в одной или более дополнительных перегонных колоннах, чтобы обеспечить один или более потоков продуктов, выбранных из группы, состоящей из потока остаточного пара, содержащего метан, потока жидкости, обогащенного этаном, потока жидкости, обогащенного пропаном, потока жидкости, обогащенного бутаном и потока жидкости, обогащенного пентаном;(d) separating the sludge stream in one or more additional distillation columns to provide one or more product streams selected from the group consisting of a residual vapor stream containing methane, an ethane-enriched liquid stream, a propane-enriched liquid stream, a liquid stream, enriched with butane and a stream of liquid enriched with pentane; (е) отвод, как извлеченных углеводородов, всех или части любого, одного или более, потоков продуктов; и(e) removal, as recovered hydrocarbons, of all or part of any one or more product streams; and (f) введение одного или более потоков орошения в первую перегонную колонну, причем один или более потоков орошения содержит либо(f) introducing one or more irrigation streams into the first distillation column, wherein one or more irrigation streams contains either (f1) поток орошения, содержащий сжиженный метан и поток неизвлеченных жидких углеводородов, который нагнетается до давления в первой перегонной колонне, либо(f1) an irrigation stream comprising liquefied methane and a stream of non-recovered liquid hydrocarbons that is pumped to a pressure in the first distillation column, or (f2) объединенный поток, содержащий поток орошения, содержащий сжиженный метан и поток неизвлеченных жидких углеводородов, который нагнетается до давления в первой перегонной колонне,(f2) a combined stream containing an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane and a stream of unrecovered liquid hydrocarbons that is pumped to pressure in the first distillation column, и в котором поток орошения, содержащий сжиженный метан обеспечивается посредством способа, выбранного из группы, состоящей изand in which an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane is provided by a method selected from the group consisting of (1) охлаждения и полной конденсации потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны для образования сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока и отвода части сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока для обеспечения потока орошения, содержащего сжиженный метан,(1) cooling and completely condensing the steam stream discharged from the top of the column to form a condensed methane-rich stream and withdrawing a portion of the condensed methane-rich stream to provide an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane, (2) охлаждения и полной конденсации части первого потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны, чтобы обеспечить поток орошения, содержащего сжиженный метан, и(2) cooling and completely condensing a portion of the first vapor stream discharged from the top of the column to provide an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane, and (3) охлаждения и полной конденсации потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны для образования сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока, и нагревания части сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока для обеспечения потока орошения, содержащего сжиженный метан.(3) cooling and completely condensing the steam stream discharged from the top of the column to form a condensed methane-rich stream and heating a portion of the condensed methane-rich stream to provide an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane. 2. Способ по п.1, в котором поток неизвлеченных жидких углеводородов содержит2. The method according to claim 1, in which the stream of unrecovered liquid hydrocarbons contains (i) часть потока жидкости, обогащенную этаном, или(i) a portion of the liquid stream enriched in ethane, or (ii) часть потока жидкости, обогащенную пропаном, или(ii) a portion of the liquid stream enriched in propane, or (iii) часть потока жидкости, обогащенную бутаном, или(iii) a portion of the liquid stream enriched in butane, or (iv) часть потока жидкости, обогащенную пентаном, или(iv) a portion of the liquid stream enriched in pentane, or (v) весь или часть потока остаточного пара, растворенного в части потока жидкости, обогащенного пропаном и/или части потока жидкости, обогащенного бутаном, и/или части потока жидкости, обогащенного пентаном.(v) all or part of the residual vapor stream dissolved in part of the liquid stream enriched in propane and / or part of the liquid stream enriched in butane and / or part of the liquid stream enriched in pentane. 3. Способ по п.1, в котором поток орошения, содержащий сжиженный метан, вводится в верхнюю часть первой перегонной колонны.3. The method according to claim 1, in which an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane is introduced into the upper part of the first distillation column. 4. Способ по п.1, в котором поток неизвлеченных жидких углеводородов вводится в верхнюю часть первой перегонной колонны.4. The method according to claim 1, in which a stream of unrecovered liquid hydrocarbons is introduced into the upper part of the first distillation column. 5. Способ по п.1, в котором объединенный поток, содержащий поток орошения, содержащий сжиженный метан, и поток неизвлеченных жидких углеводородов вводится в верхнюю часть первой перегонной колонны.5. The method according to claim 1, in which a combined stream containing an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane, and a stream of unrecovered liquid hydrocarbons is introduced into the upper part of the first distillation column. 6. Способ по п.1, в котором поток неизвлеченных жидких углеводородов вводится в первую перегонную колонну в местоположении ниже верхней части колонны и выше местоположения, в котором подача охлажденного природного газа вводится в колонну.6. The method according to claim 1, in which the stream of unrecovered liquid hydrocarbons is introduced into the first distillation column at a location below the top of the column and above the location at which the supply of chilled natural gas is introduced into the column. 7. Способ по п.1, в котором охлаждение и конденсация по меньшей мере части потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны производится в основном теплообменнике посредством теплообмена через стенку с первым испаряющимся холодильным агентом, обеспечиваемым посредством понижения давления первого охлажденного многокомпонентного жидкого холодильного агента.7. The method according to claim 1, in which the cooling and condensation of at least a portion of the steam stream discharged from the top of the column is carried out in the main heat exchanger by heat exchange through the wall with the first evaporating refrigerant provided by lowering the pressure of the first cooled multicomponent liquid refrigerant. 8. Способ по п.7, в котором часть потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны конденсируется в теплообменнике, отдельном от основного теплообменника, посредством теплообмена через стенку с потоком испаряющегося холодильного агента, обеспечиваемого посредством отвода и понижения давления части первого охлажденного многокомпонентного жидкого холодильного агента.8. The method according to claim 7, in which a part of the steam stream discharged from the top of the column is condensed in a heat exchanger separate from the main heat exchanger by heat exchange through a wall with a stream of evaporating refrigerant, provided by draining and lowering the pressure of a portion of the first cooled multicomponent liquid refrigerant. 9. Способ по п.7, в котором первый охлажденный многокомпонентный жидкий холодильный агент обеспечивается посредством охлаждения насыщенного многокомпонентного жидкого холодильного агента в основном теплообменнике, и в котором нагревание части сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока производится, чтобы обеспечить поток орошения, содержащий сжиженный метан в теплообменнике, отдельном от основного теплообменника, посредством теплообмена через стенку с частью насыщенного многокомпонентного жидкого холодильного агента.9. The method according to claim 7, in which the first cooled multicomponent liquid refrigerant is provided by cooling the saturated multicomponent liquid refrigerant in the main heat exchanger, and in which a portion of the condensed methane-enriched stream is heated to provide an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane in the heat exchanger, separate from the main heat exchanger, through heat exchange through the wall with a portion of a saturated multicomponent liquid refrigerant. 10. Способ по п.7, содержащий переохлаждение по меньшей мере части сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока, чтобы обеспечить продукт сжатый сжиженный природный газ, в котором переохлаждение производится в основном теплообменнике посредством теплообмена через стенку со вторым испаряющимся холодильным агентом, обеспечиваемым посредством понижения давления второго охлажденного многокомпонентного жидкого холодильного агента.10. The method according to claim 7, comprising supercooling at least a portion of the condensed methane-enriched stream to provide a compressed liquefied natural gas product in which supercooling is performed in the main heat exchanger by heat exchange through a wall with a second evaporating refrigerant provided by lowering the pressure of the second cooled multicomponent liquid refrigerant. 11. Способ по п.1, в котором охлаждение подачи природного газа для обеспечения подачи охлажденного природного газа осуществляется посредством теплообмена через стенку с потоком пара, отводимого сверху колонны, обогащенного метаном.11. The method according to claim 1, in which the cooling supply of natural gas to ensure the supply of chilled natural gas is carried out by heat exchange through the wall with a stream of steam discharged from above the column enriched in methane. 12. Способ по п.1, в котором поток неизвлеченных жидких углеводородов содержит более чем приблизительно 50 мол.% углеводородов, имеющих три или более атомов углерода.12. The method according to claim 1, in which the stream of unrecovered liquid hydrocarbons contains more than approximately 50 mol.% Hydrocarbons having three or more carbon atoms. 13. Способ по п.1, в котором поток неизвлеченных жидких углеводородов содержит более чем приблизительно 50 мол.% пентана.13. The method according to claim 1, in which the stream of unrecovered liquid hydrocarbons contains more than approximately 50 mol.% Pentane. 14. Способ по п.1, в котором поток неизвлеченных жидких углеводородов содержит часть потока жидкости, обогащенного пропаном, и часть потока жидкости, обогащенного бутаном.14. The method according to claim 1, in which the stream of unrecovered liquid hydrocarbons contains a portion of the liquid stream enriched in propane, and part of the liquid stream enriched in butane. 15. Способ по п.14, в котором поток неизвлеченных жидких углеводородов содержит часть потока жидкости, обогащенного этаном.15. The method according to 14, in which the stream of unrecovered liquid hydrocarbons contains a portion of the liquid stream enriched in ethane. 16. Способ по п.14, в котором поток неизвлеченных жидких углеводородов содержит часть потока остаточного пара, содержащего метан, растворенный в жидкости, содержащей углеводороды, более тяжелые, чем метан.16. The method according to 14, in which the stream of unrecovered liquid hydrocarbons contains a portion of the residual vapor stream containing methane dissolved in a liquid containing hydrocarbons heavier than methane. 17. Способ по п.1, в котором молярный расход неизвлеченных жидких углеводородов составляет менее чем приблизительно 25% молярного расхода потока орошения, содержащего сжиженный метан по (f1).17. The method according to claim 1, in which the molar flow rate of unrecovered liquid hydrocarbons is less than about 25% of the molar flow rate of the irrigation stream containing liquefied methane according to (f1). 18. Устройство для сжижения природного газа и извлечения компонентов, более тяжелых, чем метан, из природного газа, причем устройство содержит18. A device for liquefying natural gas and extracting components heavier than methane from natural gas, the device comprising (а) холодильную установку, выполненную с возможностью охлаждения подачи природного газа для обеспечения подачи охлажденного природного газа;(a) a refrigeration unit configured to cool the supply of natural gas to provide a supply of chilled natural gas; (b) первую перегонную колонну, выполненную с возможностью разделения подачи охлажденного природного газа на поток пара, отводимого сверху колонны, обогащенного метаном, и поток отстоя, обогащенного компонентами, более тяжелыми, чем метан;(b) a first distillation column configured to separate the supply of chilled natural gas into a steam stream discharged from the top of the column enriched in methane and a sludge stream enriched in components heavier than methane; (с) основной теплообменник, выполненный с возможностью охлаждения и конденсирования по меньшей мере часть потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны для обеспечения сконденсированного обогащенный метаном потока;(c) a main heat exchanger configured to cool and condense at least a portion of the steam stream discharged from the top of the column to provide a condensed methane-rich stream; (d) одну или более дополнительных перегонных колонн, выполненных с возможностью разделения потока отстоя на один или более потоков продуктов, выбранных из группы, состоящей из потока остаточного пара, содержащего метан, потока жидкости, обогащенного этаном, потока жидкости, обогащенного этаном, потока жидкости, обогащенного пропаном, потока жидкости, обогащенного бутаном, и потока жидкости, обогащенного пентаном;(d) one or more additional distillation columns configured to separate the sludge stream into one or more product streams selected from the group consisting of a residual vapor stream containing methane, an ethane enriched liquid stream, an ethane enriched liquid stream, a liquid stream enriched in propane, a stream of liquid enriched in butane, and a stream of liquid enriched in pentane; (е) трубопровод, выполненный с возможностью отводения всех или части любых, одного или более, потоков продуктов, как извлеченных углеводородов;(e) a pipeline configured to divert all or part of any, one or more product streams, such as recovered hydrocarbons; (f) трубопровод, выполненный с возможностью ввода одного или более потоков орошения в первую перегонную колонну, причем один или более потоков орошения содержит либо(f) a pipeline configured to introduce one or more irrigation streams into the first distillation column, wherein one or more irrigation streams comprises either (f1) поток орошения, содержащий сжиженный метан и поток неизвлеченных жидких углеводородов, который нагнетается до давления в первой перегонной колонне, причем поток орошения, содержащий сжиженный метан, обеспечивается посредством способа, выбранного из группы, состоящей из(f1) an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane and a stream of non-recovered liquid hydrocarbons that is pumped to a pressure in the first distillation column, wherein the irrigation stream containing liquefied methane is provided by a method selected from the group consisting of (1) охлаждения и полной конденсации потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны для образования сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока, и отвода части сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока для обеспечения потока орошения, содержащего сжиженный метан,(1) cooling and completely condensing the steam stream discharged from the top of the column to form a condensed methane-rich stream, and withdrawing part of the condensed methane-rich stream to provide an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane, (2) охлаждения и полной конденсации части первого потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны для обеспечения потока орошения, содержащего сжиженный метан, и(2) cooling and completely condensing a portion of the first vapor stream discharged from above the column to provide an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane, and (3) охлаждения и полной конденсации потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны для образования сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока, и нагревания части сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока для обеспечения потока орошения, содержащего сжиженный метан; либо(3) cooling and completely condensing the steam stream discharged from the top of the column to form a condensed methane-rich stream and heating a portion of the condensed methane-rich stream to provide an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane; or (f2) объединенный поток, содержащий поток орошения, содержащий сжиженный метан и поток неизвлеченных жидких углеводородов, который нагнетается до давления в первой перегонной колонне; и(f2) a combined stream containing an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane and a stream of unrecovered liquid hydrocarbons that is pumped to pressure in the first distillation column; and (g) трубопровод и насос или насосы, выполненные с возможностью перемещения неизвлеченных жидких углеводородов из одной или более дополнительных перегонных колонн в трубопровод, выполненный с возможностью ввода одного или более потоков орошения в первую перегонную колонну.(g) a pipeline and pump or pumps configured to move unexcited liquid hydrocarbons from one or more additional distillation columns to a pipeline configured to enter one or more irrigation streams into the first distillation column. 19. Устройство по п.18, содержащее теплообменник, отдельный от основного теплообменника, который выполнен с возможностью конденсирования части потока пара, отбираемого сверху колонны из первой перегонной колонны посредством теплообмена через стенку с потоком испаряющегося холодильного агента.19. The device according to p. 18, containing a heat exchanger separate from the main heat exchanger, which is configured to condense part of the steam stream taken from the top of the column from the first distillation column through heat exchange through a wall with a stream of evaporating refrigerant. 20. Устройство по п.18, в котором основной теплообменник представляет собой теплообменник со спиральными трубами.20. The device according to p, in which the main heat exchanger is a heat exchanger with spiral tubes. 21. Устройство по п.20, в котором основной теплообменник содержит первый пучок, выполненный с возможностью охлаждения и конденсирования по меньшей мере части потока пара, отбираемого сверху колонны для обеспечения сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока, и второй пучок, выполненный с возможностью дополнительного охлаждения сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока для обеспечения переохлажденного жидкого продукта.21. The device according to claim 20, in which the main heat exchanger comprises a first beam configured to cool and condense at least a portion of the steam stream taken from the top of the column to provide a condensed methane-rich stream, and a second beam made to further cool the condensed rich methane flow to provide a supercooled liquid product. 22. Способ сжижения природного газа, содержащий22. A method of liquefying natural gas, containing (а) охлаждение подачи природного газа для обеспечения подачи охлажденного природного газа, и введение подачи охлажденного природного газа в первую перегонную колонну;(a) cooling the feed of natural gas to provide a feed of chilled natural gas, and introducing a feed of chilled natural gas into the first distillation column; (b) отвод сверху первой перегонной колонны потока пара, обогащенного метаном, и потока отстоя, обогащенного компонентами, более тяжелыми, чем метан;(b) a top discharge of the first distillation column of a methane-enriched steam stream and a sludge stream enriched in components heavier than methane; (с) охлаждение и конденсацию по меньшей мере части потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны в основном теплообменнике для обеспечения сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока; и(c) cooling and condensing at least a portion of the steam stream discharged from above the column in the main heat exchanger to provide a condensed methane-rich stream; and (d) введение потока орошения, содержащего сжиженный метан, в первую перегонную колонну, в которой поток орошения, содержащий сжиженный метан, обеспечивается посредством способа, выбранного из группы, состоящей из(d) introducing an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane into a first distillation column in which an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane is provided by a method selected from the group consisting of (1) разделения потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны на первую часть пара и вторую часть пара, и охлаждения и полной конденсации первой части пара для обеспечения потока орошения, содержащего сжиженный метан, и(1) separating the steam stream discharged from the top of the column into the first part of the steam and the second part of the steam, and cooling and completely condensing the first part of the steam to provide an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane, and (2) охлаждения и полной конденсации потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны для образования сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока, разделения сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока на первую часть и вторую часть, нагревания первой части для обеспечения нагретой первой части, и использования нагретой первой части для обеспечения потока орошения, содержащего сжиженный метан.(2) cooling and completely condensing the vapor stream discharged from the top of the column to form a condensed methane-enriched stream, separating the condensed methane-enriched stream into the first part and second part, heating the first part to provide a heated first part, and using the heated first part to provide an irrigation flow containing liquefied methane. 23. Способ по п.22, в котором первая часть пара потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны конденсируется в теплообменнике, отдельном от основного теплообменника, посредством теплообмена через стенку с потоком испаряющегося холодильного агента.23. The method according to item 22, in which the first part of the steam stream of steam discharged from the top of the column is condensed in a heat exchanger separate from the main heat exchanger, through heat exchange through the wall with a stream of evaporating refrigerant. 24. Способ по п.22, в котором нагревание первой части сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока для обеспечения потока орошения, содержащего сжиженный метан, производится в теплообменнике, отдельном от основного теплообменника.24. The method of claim 22, wherein heating the first portion of the condensed methane-rich stream to provide an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane is performed in a heat exchanger separate from the main heat exchanger. 25. Способ по п.22, содержащий переохлаждение по меньшей мере части сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока, чтобы обеспечить продукт сжатый сжиженный природный газ, в котором переохлаждение производится в основном теплообменнике посредством теплообмена через стенку с потоком испаряющегося холодильного агента.25. The method according to item 22, containing supercooling at least part of the condensed methane-enriched stream, to provide the product with compressed liquefied natural gas, in which supercooling is performed in the main heat exchanger through heat exchange through a wall with a stream of evaporating refrigerant. 26. Устройство для сжижения природного газа, содержащее26. A device for liquefying natural gas containing (а) систему охлаждения, выполненную с возможностью охлаждения подачи природного газа для обеспечения подачи охлажденного природного газа;(a) a cooling system configured to cool the supply of natural gas to provide a supply of chilled natural gas; (b) первую перегонную колонну, выполненную с возможностью разделения подачи охлажденного природного газа на поток пара, отводимого сверху колонны, обогащенного метаном, и поток отстоя, обогащенного компонентами, более тяжелыми, чем метан;(b) a first distillation column configured to separate the supply of chilled natural gas into a steam stream discharged from the top of the column enriched in methane and a sludge stream enriched in components heavier than methane; (с) основной теплообменник, выполненный с возможностью охлаждения и конденсирования по меньшей мере часть потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны для обеспечения сконденсированного обогащенный метаном потока; и(c) a main heat exchanger configured to cool and condense at least a portion of the steam stream discharged from the top of the column to provide a condensed methane-rich stream; and (d) трубопровод, выполненный с возможностью ввода потока орошения, содержащий сжиженный метан, в первую перегонную колонну, в которой поток орошения, содержащий сжиженный метан, обеспечивается способом, выбранным из группы, состоящей из(d) a pipe configured to introduce an irrigation stream comprising liquefied methane into a first distillation column in which an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane is provided by a method selected from the group consisting of (1) охлаждения и полной конденсации части потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны для обеспечения потока орошения, содержащего сжиженный метан, и(1) cooling and completely condensing a portion of the vapor stream discharged from above the column to provide an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane, and (2) охлаждения и полной конденсации потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны для образования сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока, и нагревания части сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока для обеспечения потока орошения, содержащего сжиженный метан.(2) cooling and completely condensing the steam stream discharged from the top of the column to form a condensed methane-rich stream and heating a portion of the condensed methane-rich stream to provide an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane. 27. Устройство по п.26, содержащее теплообменник, отдельный от основного теплообменника, который выполнен с возможностью конденсирования части потока пара, отводимого сверху первой перегонной колонны посредством теплообмена через стенку с потоком испаряющегося холодильного агента.27. The device according to p. 26, containing a heat exchanger separate from the main heat exchanger, which is configured to condense part of the steam stream discharged from above the first distillation column through heat exchange through a wall with a stream of evaporating refrigerant. 28. Устройство по п.26, содержащее теплообменник, отдельный от основного теплообменника, который выполнен с возможностью нагревания части сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока, чтобы обеспечить поток орошения, содержащего сжиженный метан.28. The device according to p. 26, containing a heat exchanger separate from the main heat exchanger, which is configured to heat part of the condensed methane-rich stream to provide an irrigation stream containing liquefied methane. 29. Устройство по п.26, в котором основной теплообменник представляет собой теплообменник со спиральными трубами.29. The device according to p, in which the main heat exchanger is a heat exchanger with spiral tubes. 30. Устройство по п.29, в котором основной теплообменник содержит первый пучок, выполненный с возможностью охлаждения и конденсирования по меньшей мере части потока пара, отводимого сверху колонны для обеспечения сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока, и второй пучок, выполненный с возможностью дополнительного охлаждения по меньшей мере части сконденсированного обогащенного метаном потока для обеспечения переохлажденного жидкого продукта. 30. The device according to clause 29, in which the main heat exchanger contains a first bundle configured to cool and condense at least a portion of the steam stream discharged from the top of the column to provide a condensed methane-rich stream, and a second bundle configured to further cool at least a portion of the condensed methane-rich stream to provide a supercooled liquid product.
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