RU2006963C1 - Device for cursor movement indication at screen of color dot-matrix indicator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: automation and computer engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has for cursor movement indication along X and Y coordinate axes. Each channel has two pulse generators 3, 4, control unit 9, functional converter 10, frequency multiplication unit 2, NAND gates 5-8. EFFECT: increased field of application. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to automation and computer technology and can be used in systems for displaying information on the screen of a color raster indicator for moving the cursor, controlling the orientation of images of moving objects on the screen plane of a color raster indicator.

 The purpose of the invention is the expansion of functionality and simplification of the operator’s work with the device due to the implementation in the device of a non-linear relationship between the speed of rotation of the ball mechanism and the speed of cursor movement. This dependence makes it possible to obtain small cursor movements at low rotational speeds of the ball mechanism, and at high speeds to move the cursor to the positioning area without loss of accuracy, while eliminating the need for additional keys and pressing them.

 In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device; in FIG. 2 - time diagrams of the operation of the device; in FIG. 3 - generalized timing diagrams of the operation of the device.

 Position 1 denotes a ball mechanism for setting the coordinates of the cursor.

 The device contains channels for moving the cursor along the X and Y coordinates, each of which contains a frequency multiplier 2, first 3 and second 4 pulse shapers, first 5, third 6, second 7 and fourth 8 NAND elements, control unit 9 and functional converter 10 .

 The control unit 9 contains the first 10 and second 11 RS-flip-flops, the element 12 AND NOT and the counter 13.

 A device for moving the cursor operates as follows.

 An operator for moving the cursor on the screen of a color raster indicator sets in motion a ball mechanism 1 (a mouse ball or a trackball ball). Inside the ball mechanism there are two axes that engage with the ball and are perpendicular to each other. Disks with slots are fixed on these axes, which rotate between two pairs of emitter-photodetector (not shown in the drawing). Pulse signals are removed from these pairs, the duration of which is determined by the speed of rotation of the ball.

) (см. фиг. 2, временную диаграмму F 2: 3).Consider the operation of the device to move the cursor along the X coordinate, since the channels X and Y are made technically exactly the same. The shape of the pulsed signals is significantly different from the shape of the rectangular pulses, so they are fed to the pulse shaper 3, the first and second outputs of which appear rectangular pulses (see Fig. 2 timing diagrams F 1: 1, F 1: 2). These pulses have a duty cycle equal to two and are shifted relative to each other by half the pulse duration, which is determined by the location of the emitter-photodetector pair relative to the slotted disk. In the 4 pulse shaper, the leading and trailing edges of rectangular pulses F 1: 1, F 1: 2 are linked to the leading edges of the nearest pulses of the inverse sequence of clock pulses (

) (see FIG. 2, timing chart F 2: 3).

In the pulse shaper 4, a short pulse signal is generated and output to a specific output of the device (first or second) depending on the direction of rotation of the ball. The diagram F 2: 1 shows the pulse at the first output of the pulse shaper, that is, the ball rotates in the positive direction along the X axis. Through element 5 AND NOT, this pulse is supplied to the first output of the device. The frequency of these pulses is determined only by the rotation speed of the ball mechanism, i.e., work in this part of the device occurs, as in the prototype. In addition, the pulse from the first output of the shaper 4 is fed to the first information input of block 9 or to the S-input of the RS-flip-flop 10, which is set to a single state (see Fig. 2, RS diagram 1: 1). Element 12 AND-NOT generates a reset signal of the counter 13, the counting input of which receives a sequence of pulses of clock frequency 1 (f ₂ ) (see Fig. 2, diagram 1 (f ₂ )). In the counter 13, a sequence of codes is formed, which are simultaneously supplied from its outputs to the address inputs of the functional converter 10 (read-only memory) and are the address code N _A (f ₂ ) (see Fig. 3).

From the functional converter 10, the _memory code N is read, which is simultaneously rewritten into the multiplier 2 (see Fig. 3). At the third output of the 4 pulse shaper at the time of the end of the pulses (F 2: 3), a signal (unit level) of the end of the parallel write mode of the N _memory code in the multiplier 2 is generated (see Fig. 2, diagrams F 2: 3). This signal puts the multiplier 2 in the counting mode and begins the counting of a sequence of pulses of the clock frequency f ₁ received at the counting input of the multiplier 2. The states of the multiplier 2 are shown in the UM (SOS) diagram. In the multiplier 2, a linearly increasing code N _o occurs, which grows to the value of the threshold code N _n (see Fig. 3). At the same time, this sequence of pulses of the clock frequency f ₁ through elements 7, 5 AND is NOT supplied to the output + f _{X of} channel Y. The signal + f _{X is} shown in the diagram + f _X. Subject to equality
N _o = N _n - N _memory + 1 (1) at the output of the multiplier 2 there is a signal (see Fig. 2 diagram of the MIND: 1), arriving at the R-inputs of RS-flip-flops 10, 11, thereby triggers are set to the zero position , the frequency signal f ₁ using elements AND-NOT 7, 5 is disconnected from the output + f _X. Thus, pulses, the number of which is determined by the speed of rotation of the ball mechanism and the contents of the read-only memory of the functional converter 10, are supplied to a reversible counter of the cursor position (external to the device).

 The operation of the device on channel Y is carried out similarly.

On the plot of the generalized time diagram (see Fig. 3), where the equality N _n = N of the _memory (the zone of low cursor speeds, the dead zone) is observed, in accordance with the above expression (1), we have N _o. = 1.

In this case, the ball mechanism 1 rotates slowly, the signal t (F 2: 3) has a long duration and the multiplier 2 does not have time to switch to the pulse counting mode. The code from the ROM of the functional converter 10 (N _memory = N _n ) equal to the value of the threshold code N _{n is} supplied to its inputs. At the output of the multiplier 2, under the condition N _memory = N _n , a signal appears that arrives at the S-inputs of the RS-flip-flops 10, 11, the frequency signal f _{1 is} not connected through the AND-NOT elements 7, 5 to the output of the device and one pulse passes to this output , which is formed earlier (see Fig. 2, the diagram F 2: 1). The device for moving the cursor in this case works as a well-known analogue.

 Let us explain the operation of the device with calculated expressions.

≥ 1 коэффициент, учитывающий то, что содержимое ПЗУ функционального преобразователя N_ЗУ в любом случае больше величины адреса ПЗУ.To obtain the calculated expressions, we set the following initial data:
min t _o - the time of rotation of the ball at an angle α with fast cursor movement over long distances;
max t _o - time of rotation of the ball with slow cursor alignment with the indicated point on the CRI screen;
R, r is the radius of the ball and, accordingly, the radius of the axis on which the disk with slots is fixed;
a - the number of slots in the disk; the expression Ra / r is the number of disk slots passed between the pair of emitter-photodetector for rotation of the ball through an angle of 360 ^about . The number of slots passed between the pair of emitter-photodetector for the rotation of the ball through the angle α, can be written as
N _α = (R / r) a · α / 360 ^° . (2)
Pulse duration (F 2: 3) with fast cursor movement can be determined
min t (F 2: 3) = mint ₀ / 2N _α . (3) Given this expression, we can determine the maximum value of the first clock frequency f ₁ :
max f ₁ ≥ 2N _n N _α / mint ₀ . (4) Pulse duration t (F 2: 3) with slow cursor movement can be determined
max t (F 2: 3) = maxt ₀ / 2N _α . (5) The second clock frequency can be determined from the expression
f ₂ ≅ N _n / maxt (F2: 3) = 2N _n N _α / Kmaxxt ₀ , (6) where К =

≥ 1 coefficient taking into account that the contents of the ROM of the functional converter N of the _memory in any case are greater than the value of the address of the ROM.

We determine the ratio of the first and second clock frequencies of the device, for which we use expressions (4) and (6):
maxf ₁ / f ₂ = Kmaxxt ₀ / mint ₀ . (7) Let us calculate the specific values of the device parameters for moving the cursor, for which we set the specific values of the source data
min t _o = 0.1 s; max t _o = 1 s; α = 60 ^o ; R = 80 mm, r = 6.5 mm, a = 16; N _n = 32. From the expression (2) we have
N _α = 32. From expression (4) we have
maxf ₁ ≥20.5˙10 ³ Hz. From the expression (6) we have
f ₂ ≅ 2.5˙10 ³ Hz. From the expression (7) we have
maxf ₁ / f ₂ = 10˙K. From the obtained data, we can conclude that f ₂ can be obtained by dividing f ₁ by 16, i.e., take from the fourth output of the frequency multiplier 2.

 The proposed device allows you to overtake the cursor over large distances on the screen of the color raster indicator with high speed without loss of accuracy when moving and without loss of time and freedom of action by the operator, that is, its jump-like movement is not observed and the cursor does not change position discretely, and the operator can work with two hands.

In the read-only memory (or RAM) of the functional converter 10, you can write an arbitrary characteristic N of the _memory and set the dependence of the cursor speed on the rotation speed of the ball mechanism 1, which is most convenient for each specific application of the device to move the cursor.

When processing accurate (small) distances on the screen of a color raster indicator, the proposed device automatically (according to the law of N of _memory ) reduces the cursor’s speed and allows the operator to depress the cursor at the indicated point on the screen without pressing the key and practically without inertia with high accuracy.

 When moving the cursor from one edge of the screen to the other over long distances, the operator does not need to press and hold the key, and the cursor moves with discreteness one pixel with an arbitrary (specified) dependence.

 Thus, when working with the proposed device, the operator is freed from the need to press a key during the instruction and receives a tool for indicating coordinates on the indicator screen with increased accuracy. (56) Japanese Patent No. A2-1-70816, CL. G 06 F 3/033, published. 1989.

Claims (2)

 1. DEVICE FOR MOVING THE CURSOR ON THE COLOR OF THE COLORED RASTER INDICATOR, containing channels for moving the cursor along the X and Y coordinates, each of which contains the first and second pulse shapers, the frequency multiplier and the first to fourth elements AND are NOT, the outputs of the first and third elements AND - are NOT device outputs, the first inputs of the first and third elements AND - are NOT connected respectively to the first and second outputs of the second pulse shaper, the information inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the first pulse generator, the inputs of which are information inputs of the device, the second inputs of the first and third elements AND are NOT connected respectively to the outputs of the second and fourth elements AND are NOT, characterized in that a control unit and a functional converter are introduced into the cursor movement channels along the X and Y coordinates the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the group of the control unit, the first and second information inputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second outputs of the second pulse shaper, the reset input unit and the control is connected to the output of the frequency multiplier, the information inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the functional converter, the counting input of the frequency multiplier is the first clock input of the device and connected to the first inputs of the second and fourth elements AND are NOT, the second inputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second outputs of the block control, and the third inputs to the third output of the second pulse shaper connected to the control input of the frequency multiplier, the reset input of which is connected to the third output an ode to the control unit, the control input of the second pulse shaper and the clock input of the control unit are the second and third clock inputs of the device, respectively.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit contains first and second RS-triggers, the S-inputs of which are respectively the first and second information inputs of the block, and the R-inputs are its reset input, the direct outputs of RS-triggers are accordingly, the first and second outputs of the block, the inverse outputs of the RS flip-flops are connected to the inputs of the AND - NOT element, the output of which is connected to the counter reset input and is the third output of the block, the counter input is the clock input of the block, and the outputs of the counter are the group of block outputs.

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