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RU2001130355A - The method of separation of lignocellulosic biomass - Google Patents

The method of separation of lignocellulosic biomass

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Publication number
RU2001130355A
RU2001130355A RU2001130355/12A RU2001130355A RU2001130355A RU 2001130355 A RU2001130355 A RU 2001130355A RU 2001130355/12 A RU2001130355/12 A RU 2001130355/12A RU 2001130355 A RU2001130355 A RU 2001130355A RU 2001130355 A RU2001130355 A RU 2001130355A
Authority
RU
Russia
Prior art keywords
alkanolamine
lignin
carried out
mass
extraction
Prior art date
Application number
RU2001130355/12A
Other languages
Russian (ru)
Other versions
RU2220245C2 (en
Inventor
Тис Карстенс
Original Assignee
Родиа Ацетов Гмбх
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19916347A external-priority patent/DE19916347C1/en
Application filed by Родиа Ацетов Гмбх filed Critical Родиа Ацетов Гмбх
Publication of RU2001130355A publication Critical patent/RU2001130355A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of RU2220245C2 publication Critical patent/RU2220245C2/en

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Claims (27)

1. Способ разделения лигноцеллюлозной биомассы, в частности древесины, на основные компоненты в виде лигнина, гемицеллюлозы и целлюлозы, при котором проводят a) предварительный гидролиз лигноцеллюлозной биомассы путем обработки водой или водяным паром; b) экстрагирование гидролизованной гемицеллюлозы, образовавшейся в результате предварительного гидролиза, водной средой; с) экстрагирование модифицированного процессом лигнина, содержащегося в остатке, алканоламином, отделение лигнина, регенерация алканоламина, при этом алканоламин не замещается алкильными группами азота; d) получение сырья для целлюлозного производства.1. The method of separation of lignocellulosic biomass, in particular wood, into the main components in the form of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose, in which carry out a) preliminary hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass by treatment with water or steam; b) extraction of hydrolyzed hemicellulose resulting from preliminary hydrolysis with an aqueous medium; c) extraction of the process-modified lignin in the residue with alkanolamine, separation of lignin, alkanolamine regeneration, while alkanolamine is not replaced by nitrogen alkyl groups; d) obtaining raw materials for pulp production. 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что предварительный гидролиз на этапе а) проводят лишь настолько, чтобы обеспечить расщепление связанных с гемицеллюлозами кислот, и что на этапе b) расщепленные кислоты вымывают.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the preliminary hydrolysis in step a) is carried out only so as to ensure cleavage of the hemicellulose-related acids, and that in step b) the cleaved acids are washed out. 3. Способ по п.1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что в качестве лигноцеллюлозной биомассы используют измельченную или дробленую древесину, в частности древесину лиственных, буковых или хвойных деревьев.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that as lignocellulosic biomass use crushed or crushed wood, in particular wood of deciduous, beech or coniferous trees. 4. Способ по любому из пп.1-3, отличающийся тем, что в качестве биомассы используют солому зерновых культур.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that cereal straw is used as biomass. 5. Способ по п.4, отличающийся тем, что непосредственно проводят, без предварительного гидролиза согласно этапам а) и b), экстрагирование согласно этапу с) при повышенной температуре менее около 170°С, предпочтительно менее около 160°С, в частности при около 115-135°С, для получения целлюлозы для выработки бумаги, при этом после этого не проводят ферментный гидролиз посредством целлюлозы.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that it is directly carried out, without preliminary hydrolysis according to steps a) and b), extraction according to step c) at an elevated temperature of less than about 170 ° C, preferably less than about 160 ° C, in particular at about 115-135 ° C, to obtain cellulose for the production of paper, and then after this enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulose is not carried out. 6. Способ по п.4, отличающийся тем, что проводят предварительный гидролиз при около 150-190°С, в частности при около 170°С, и затем экстракцию согласно этапу с) при повышенной температуре менее около 170°С, предпочтительно менее около 160°С, в частности при около 115-135°С, для получения целлюлозы для химической переработки.6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the preliminary hydrolysis is carried out at about 150-190 ° C, in particular at about 170 ° C, and then the extraction according to step c) at an elevated temperature of less than about 170 ° C, preferably less than about 160 ° C, in particular at about 115-135 ° C, to obtain cellulose for chemical processing. 7. Способ по любому из пп.1-6, отличающийся тем, что прежде, чем проводится этап b), предварительно гидролизованную лигноцеллюлозную биомассу механически разделяют на волокна.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that before step b) is carried out, the previously hydrolyzed lignocellulosic biomass is mechanically separated into fibers. 8. Способ по любому из пп.1-7, отличающийся тем, что перед началом обработки водяным паром на этапе а) дополнительно проводят предварительную кислотную или щелочную обработку.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that before starting the steam treatment in step a), an additional acid or alkaline treatment is additionally carried out. 9. Способ по любому из пп.1-8, отличающийся тем, что предварительный гидролиз на этапе а) проводят паровзрывным способом или способом очистки отпариванием.9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the preliminary hydrolysis in step a) is carried out by the steam-blasting method or by steaming. 10. Способ по любому из пп.1-9, отличающийся тем, что после обработки на этапе b) добавляют растворитель (растворители) лигнина.10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that after processing in step b), the lignin solvent (s) are added. 11. Способ по любому из пп.1-10, отличающийся тем, что соотношение масс воды и биомассы (в расчете на сухое вещество) задают равными от около 3:1 до 10:1, в частности 6:1, а соотношение масс водяного пара и биомассы - от около 1:1 до 3:1.11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the ratio of the mass of water and biomass (calculated on dry matter) is set equal to from about 3: 1 to 10: 1, in particular 6: 1, and the ratio of the mass of water steam and biomass - from about 1: 1 to 3: 1. 12. Способ по любому из пп.1-11, отличающийся тем, что перед этапом b) из полученной массы отжимают воду и затем ее механически разделяют на волокна.12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that before step b) water is squeezed out of the resulting mass and then it is mechanically separated into fibers. 13. Способ по п.12, отличающийся тем, что разделенную на волокна массу дополнительно промывают горячей водой.13. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that the fiber divided mass is additionally washed with hot water. 14. Способ по любому из пп.1-13, отличающийся тем, что после обработки на этапе b) дополнительно проводят обработку водным аммиачным раствором, аммиачным газом или жидким аммиаком.14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that after the treatment in step b), an aqueous ammonia solution, ammonia gas or liquid ammonia is further treated. 15. Способ по п.14, отличающийся тем, что жидкий аммиак применяют при начальном давлении, повышенном по отношению к атмосферному.15. The method according to 14, characterized in that liquid ammonia is used at an initial pressure increased relative to atmospheric. 16. Способ по п.15, отличающийся тем, что полученную массу сохраняют горячей после предшествующей обработки паром и промывки и что с помощью жидкого азота объем обрабатываемой, освобожденной от гемицеллюлозы массы взрывообразно увеличивают в результате снятия напряжения снижением давления по меньшей мере на 5 бар.16. The method according to p. 15, characterized in that the resulting mass is kept hot after the previous steam treatment and washing and that with the help of liquid nitrogen the volume of the processed mass freed from hemicellulose is explosively increased as a result of stress relieving by a pressure drop of at least 5 bar. 17. Способ по 16, отличающийся тем, что соотношение масс жидкого аммиака и обрабатываемой массы (в расчете на сухое вещество) задают равным от около 0,1:1 до 4:1.17. The method according to 16, characterized in that the mass ratio of liquid ammonia and the processed mass (calculated on dry matter) is set equal to from about 0.1: 1 to 4: 1. 18. Способ по любому из пп.1-17, отличающийся тем, что на этапе с) проводят по меньшей мере две последовательные экстракции с использованием алканоламина.18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that in step c) at least two successive extractions are carried out using alkanolamine. 19. Способ по любому из пп.1-18, отличающийся тем, что экстракцию проводят в течение по меньшей мере около 1 ч при температуре от около 80 до 220°С.19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the extraction is carried out for at least about 1 hour at a temperature of from about 80 to 220 ° C. 20. Способ по любому из пп.1-19, отличающийся тем, что экстрагирующий агент подогревают на этапе с), в частности по меньшей мере до около 80°С.20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the extracting agent is heated in step c), in particular to at least about 80 ° C. 21. Способ по любому из пп.1-20, отличающийся тем, что в качестве экстрагирующего агента применяют моноэтаноламин.21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that monoethanolamine is used as the extracting agent. 22. Способ по любому из пп.1-21, отличающийся тем, что остатки растворенного в алканоламине, модифицированного процессом лигнина, прилипшие после экстракции к целлюлозе после варки, полностью удаляют растворителем.22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the residues dissolved in alkanolamine, modified by the lignin process, adhering to the pulp after cooking after cooking, are completely removed with a solvent. 23. Способ по п.22, отличающийся тем, что остаток модифицированного процессом лигнина и алканоламин в целлюлозе после варки удаляют растворителем при прямо- или противоточной мойке и что затем растворитель может быть отделен дистилляцией от лигнина и экстрагирующего агента алканоламин и регенерирован для повторного использования.23. The method according to p. 22, characterized in that the residue of the process-modified lignin and alkanolamine in cellulose after cooking is removed with a solvent in a direct or countercurrent washing and that then the solvent can be separated by distillation from lignin and the extracting agent alkanolamine and regenerated for reuse. 24. Способ по любому из пп.1-23, отличающийся тем, что удаление алканоламина вместе с растворенным в нем модифицированным процессом лигнином из целлюлозы после варки производят отжимом или центрифугированием.24. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the removal of alkanolamine together with the modified lignin from the cellulose dissolved in it after cooking is performed by extraction or centrifugation. 25. Способ по любому из пп.1-24, отличающийся тем, что модифицированный процессом лигнин переводят в осадок из алканоламина добавкой нерастворителя и отделяют процессами разделения Т:Ж.25. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the process-modified lignin is precipitated from alkanolamine by the addition of a non-solvent and is separated by separation processes T: G. 26. Способ по п.25, отличающийся тем, что выпавший в осадок лигнин отделяют фильтрацией или центрифугированием алканоламина.26. The method according A.25, characterized in that the precipitated lignin is separated by filtration or centrifugation of alkanolamine. 27. Способ по п.25, отличающийся тем, что модифицированный процессом лигнин отделяют от алканоламина в тонкопленочном испарителе или в результате мембранного процесса.27. The method according A.25, characterized in that the process-modified lignin is separated from alkanolamine in a thin-film evaporator or as a result of a membrane process.
RU2001130355/12A 1999-04-12 2000-04-11 Method of separating lignocellulose biomass RU2220245C2 (en)

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DE19916347A DE19916347C1 (en) 1999-04-12 1999-04-12 Process for separating biomass containing lignocellulose
DE19916347.2 1999-04-12

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