RU209786U1 - HEAVY SPRING HARROW - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to soil-cultivating implements, and makes it possible to increase the reliability and durability of its operation, as well as to expand technological capabilities through the use of both hydraulic control of the depth of tillage and manual control of the angle of attack of the tines of the tines. The harrow contains a frame including transverse (1) and longitudinal (2) beams, on which tine blocks (3) are installed, with spring teeth (4). The hitch is a drawbar (5), the rear part rests on pneumatic wheels (6). The harrow contains impellers (7) and transport wheels (8). Impellers (7) are installed at the ends of the longitudinal beams (2) on the support mechanism (9), transport wheels 8 are mounted on the longitudinal beam (2) with brackets. On the support mechanism (9) of the wheel (7) there are hydraulic cylinders (10) equipped with a hinged mechanism of levers (11). On the drawbar (5) on the supports (12) of the pneumatic wheels (6) there are hydraulic cylinders (13) with a hinged mechanism (14), while the hydraulic cylinders (10) and (13) have a common hydraulic line (15). For manual adjustment of the angle of attack of the spring tines (4), each tine block (3) is equipped with two spring levers (16) attached to the tine blocks (3). The levers (16) are connected to each other by means of a comb (17) with holes (18), the teeth (4) of the tines (3) are fixed with pressure torsion springs (19), each tooth (4) is fixed with locking bolts (20). On the hitch of the harrow - the drawbar (5), on the welded bushings (28), a rack (21) of cables (22) is rotatably connected to the longitudinal beams (2) to rotate the harrow beams to a horizontal position. Cables (22) are used to hold the rack (21) in the working position.7 c.p. f-ly, 6 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to soil-cultivating tools for surface tillage, is used for effective leveling of the field relief, uniform distribution of straw, and also makes partial incorporation of stubble residues, t.to. if the straw is not distributed evenly over the field, then when sowing on a minimally cultivated field, problems with seed germination are possible.

Known - heavy spring harrow KAMA (423806, Republic of Tatarstan, Naberezhnye Chelny, Vakhitov Avenue, 4a, office 27. Tekhnika - Agro LLC 2018) - prototype. The harrow includes a frame with a towing device, the rear part resting on pneumatic wheels, an average swivel bar fixed to the frame by hydraulic cylinders, side swivel bars with working and transport wheels, while fixedly replaceable paired racks or replaceable single long racks with toothed harrows, fixed with anchor chains, adjustable in length, stretch marks have clamps in the form of corners with cutouts.

Known tillage harrow - hitch (utility model patent No. 192367, IPC A01V 19/00, publ. hydraulic cylinders, side swivel bars with working and transport wheels and sections of toothed harrows and braces, the middle swivel hitch bar connected by a hydraulic cylinder to the frame is pivotally mounted on the axis of the rear side of the frame using two additional levers-stops, while the hinged connection of the axis of the rear side of the frame with levers-stops is equipped with friction split bushings that do not require lubrication. The teeth of the harrow of each section of the hitch are spring-mounted, mounted on the swivel axles of the frame and adjustable in inclination angle by means of a tine rotation mechanism made in the form of a lever connected to the drive rail of each axle.

Known tooth harrow (utility model patent No. 195217, IPC A01B 19/00, A01B 19/02, publ. connected to the frame by a hydraulic cylinder, side swivel bars with impellers and braces, sections of tooth harrows with sections with spring teeth mounted on the body traverses, each section of the harrows with spring teeth is equipped with a hydraulic mechanism for adjusting the angle of attack of the tooth, made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder mounted on one of the sides of the section body, the rod of which is pivotally connected by means of the levers of each traverse with the drive rail, while the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the vehicle hydraulic pump by means of a flexible pipeline.

The technical problem to be solved by the proposed utility model is the creation of a heavy spring harrow, simple and easy to use.

The technical result, which the proposed utility model is aimed at, is the expansion of the technological capabilities of the harrow, the increase in the reliability and durability of the harrow, as well as the simplification of its design.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the heavy spring harrow contains a frame, including transverse and longitudinal beams, on which blocks of rakes are installed, equipped with spring teeth, a towing device - drawbar, resting with its rear part on pneumatic wheels, support mechanisms are installed at the ends of the longitudinal beams, on which impellers are located, transport wheels are mounted on the longitudinal beams with brackets, the longitudinal beams are connected to the transverse beam by a hinged mechanism, hydraulic mechanisms are made in the form of hydraulic cylinders. What is new is that the hydraulic cylinders are equipped with a hinged mechanism of levers for raising or lowering the harrow and are mounted on the impeller supports, in addition, hydraulic cylinders with a hinged mechanism are also installed on the pneumatic wheel supports in the central part on the drawbar, while the hydraulic cylinders mounted on the impeller supports and on the supports of pneumatic wheels, have a common hydraulic line, each tine block, to ensure smooth running, is equipped with two spring levers connected to each other by means of a comb with holes for manually adjusting the angle of attack of the tine teeth, which are fixed by pressure torsion springs and fixed with locking bolts, at the same time, the ratio of the working length of the tooth and its diameter is 4 ± 0.1; position due to its stroke and fixation in the working position and for storing the longitudinal beams in the transport position, while for uniform load distribution, the cables are installed at one end on the cable rack, and at the other end on the longitudinal beams, the cable rack is equipped with springs, and a plate is installed above it to keep it in working position.

The plate above the cable rack is mounted on pins, which are fixed on the drawbar and fixed with two cotter pins, in addition, there is an additional fixation mechanism using a bracket, which is driven by an additional hydraulic cylinder connected to the tractor's hydraulic system.

The harrow has removable additional sections, which are bolted, made of a pipe of the same section as the frame 180 × 180; 200 × 200, flanges are welded along the edges of the pipe, through which fastening takes place with 8 bolts M24-6g × 70 in size.

The hitch - drawbar is a frame structure made of a pipe 180 × 100 × 8.

The rope rack is made of a pipe with a cross section of 80×60×4 and ∅76 at the base in the form of a triangle.

The transverse and longitudinal harrow beams are made of high-quality steel grades (09G2S, St20, Steel 45, 40X) and have a powder coating that increases corrosion resistance.

The teeth of the tines are made of high quality alloy steel, with heat treatment (tempering, hardening).

Each tine block mounted on the transverse and longitudinal beams is made of pipes and fixed with four brackets.

The connection of the hydraulic cylinders with the help of a flexible pipeline to the vehicle's hydraulic pump ensures high-quality tillage without damage to the pipeline and a longer harrow operation time.

The design of the harrow is shown in the drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the harrow proposed as a utility model.

In FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a spring-tine tine block.

In FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the harrow in transport position - front view.

In FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the harrow in transport position - rear view.

In FIG. 5 shows an isometric view of a towing device - a drawbar with a rack of cables.

In FIG. 6 is an isometric view of the wheel support mechanism.

The heavy spring harrow contains a frame, including transverse 1 and longitudinal 2 beams, on which blocks of rakes 3, equipped with spring teeth 4, are installed. the wheels 7 are mounted at the ends of the longitudinal beams 2 on the support mechanism 9, the transport wheels 8 are mounted on the longitudinal beams 2 with brackets, the longitudinal beams 2 are connected to the transverse beam 1 by a hinged mechanism (not shown in the figure). On the support mechanism 9 of the wheel 7, hydraulic cylinders 10 are installed, equipped with a hinged mechanism of levers 11, with the help of which the harrow is raised or lowered. In the central part on the drawbar 5 on the supports 12 of the pneumatic wheels 6 there are also hydraulic cylinders 13 with an articulated mechanism 14, while the hydraulic cylinders 10 and 13, which are mounted on the drawbar 5 and on the supports 9 of the impellers 7, have a common hydraulic line 15, due to which the harrow provides uniform depth. To manually adjust the angle of attack of the spring teeth 4, each block of the tines 3 is equipped with two spring levers 16, which are mounted on the blocks of the tines 3, while the spring levers 16 are connected to each other by means of a comb 17 with holes 18, due to which the angle of attack of the spring teeth 4 is simultaneously adjusted all rakes. The teeth 4 of the tine arm 3 are fixed with pressure torsion springs 19, each tooth 4 is fixed with locking bolts 20 (Fig. 2). With a working length of 640 ± 10 mm and a diameter of 16 mm, the best vibration effect is created, which corresponds to the ratio of the working length of the tooth 4 to its diameter equal to 4 ± 0.1. On the hitch of the harrow - the drawbar 5, on the welded bushings 28, a rack 21 of the cables 22 is installed with the possibility of rotation, connected to the longitudinal beams 2, for turning into a horizontal position (Fig. 1 and 5) when the harrow is unfolded into the working position, due to its stroke , and fixing in the working position, for storing the longitudinal beams 2 in the transport position and for holding them in the working position. To evenly distribute the load, the cables 22 are installed at one end on the rack 21, and at the other end on the longitudinal beams 2, the springs 23 of the rack 21 serve to hold the rack 21 in the working position. A plate 24 is installed above the rack 21 of the cables 22 to hold the rack 21 in the working position. The plate 24 above the rack 21 is mounted on the pins 25, which are fixed on the drawbar 5 and fixed with two cotter pins, in addition, there is an additional fixation mechanism using the bracket 26, which is driven by an additional hydraulic cylinder 31 connected to the tractor hydraulic system.

The harrow has removable additional sections 27, which are fastened with bolts (not shown in Fig.), made of a pipe of the same section as the frame (180×180; 200×200), flanges are welded along the edges of the pipe, through which 8- bolts M24-6g×70.

Tow hitch - drawbar 5 is a frame structure made of pipe 180×100×8.

Rack 21 cables 22 is made of a pipe with a cross section of 80×60×4 and 0 76 at the base in the shape of a triangle.

The transverse 1 and longitudinal 2 beams of the harrow are made of high-quality steel grades and have a powder coating that increases corrosion resistance.

Teeth 4 of tine 3 with a diameter of 16 mm are made of high quality alloy steel (09G2S, St20, Steel 45, 40X), with heat treatment.

Grablin blocks 3 are made of pipes, mounted on brackets 29 and fastened with clamp 30 on both sides.

The proposed harrow works as follows:

Before starting work, the harrow with the tractor is installed at the edge of the field and transferred from the transport position to the working position. The operation of preparing the harrow for work or transportation takes no more than 15 minutes, and can be performed by one person.

The principle of transferring the harrow from the transport position to the working position.

The latch is removed, the screed is removed in the back. The harrow is fed back until a straight line is provided, the longitudinal beams 2 should stand on a straight line with the transverse 1. The hydraulic cylinder 10 lowers the harrow into the working position. The rack 21 of the cables 22 goes into a horizontal position and is fixed by the plate 24. The cables 22 are stretched. The harrow is ready to go.

Transfer to transport position in reverse order.

The harrow is used for effective leveling of the field relief, even distribution of straw, and also for partial incorporation of crop residues, as if the straw is not distributed evenly over the field, then when sowing on a minimally cultivated field, problems with seed germination are possible.

The harrow prepares the seed bed in the spring when processing the field before sowing, and can be used for final soil preparation. Efficiently crushes clods of earth, perfectly levels the fields. The harrow consists of 27 independent sections, thus providing more flexibility and better following. Five rows of tines 4 with a thickness of 16 mm are used for aggressive action on the soil. The angle of attack of the front row can be adjusted individually for a more aggressive impact, while the other four rows will work with the leftovers. Five angle of attack settings. The large spring tine diameter 4 (16mm) provides the aggressive soil action needed for tough working conditions. 4 teeth, made of high quality hardened steel bars. The large diameter (16 mm) of tine 4 guarantees the necessary working pressure at the top of tine 4 and flexibility for sufficient clearance under the frame. The ratio of the working length of the tooth 4 and its diameter equal to 4±0.1 creates the necessary vibrations for intense impact on the cultivated soil. Each section 27 of the harrow is supported by two heavy-duty lift spring arms 16. Attaching the tine blocks 3 to the crossbeams 1 by pressing torsion springs 19 provides a streamlined design for optimal passage of the harrow over crop residues.

Due to four hydraulic cylinders, two of which (hydraulic cylinders 10) are located along the edges of the longitudinal beams 2 on the supports of the impellers 7, and two (hydraulic cylinders 13) are located on the drawbar 5, change the degree of deepening and the level of pressure of the working bodies of the teeth 4 of the tine 3 depending on from soil conditions. The working stroke of the movement of the working bodies is 150 mm. The tractor driver (operator) can control hydraulic cylinders 10 and 13 from the cab.

Additional manual adjustment of the spring teeth 4 is available on the blocks of sections 27 to compensate for the wear of the teeth 4.

On the hitch of the harrow - the drawbar, on the welded bushings 28, a stand 21 of cables 22 is installed with the possibility of rotation, connected to the longitudinal beams 2, for turning into a horizontal position. position.

A cable 22 is installed to the rack 21 at one end, the second end is installed on the longitudinal beam 1, this type of fastening distributes the load evenly.

Spring teeth 4 of the tine arm 3 (working body) are made of high quality alloy steel with a diameter of 16 mm. The tine block 3 has the ability to adjust the angle of attack of the working bodies - spring teeth 4. Reducing the angle of inclination of the teeth 4 makes it possible to reduce soil mixing, better clean the harrow from debris, less intensively affect the crops.

It is possible to increase the working width by attaching an additional section 27. Additional sections 27 allow you to increase the length of the harrow, thereby increasing the working width.

The harrow has the following dimensions: 7.2 m, 12 m, 15 m, 18 m, 21 m, 24 m, 28 m, which allows harrowing with various types of tractors.

Simplified and fast manual tine angle adjustment 4 allows a wide range of possible settings depending on the field conditions and the type of work.

The traction control cable system improves the controllability of the wide-cut implement, and the sectional design provides good field surface following.

Due to its own weight of about 5-9 tons (depending on the width of the grip), the spring harrow works stably with any amount of stubble residues on the field, the straw does not lift it and there are no heaps of straw on the field.

The length and thickness of teeth 4 (with a ratio of 4±0.1) are selected in such a way that at speeds up to 18 km/h the teeth vibrate, and this vibration has a powerful destructive effect on the capillaries of the upper soil layer.

As part of the harrow there is a towing device - drawbar 5, which connects the tractor with the harrow. Drawbar 5 is a frame structure made of pipe 180×100×8. A stand 21 of cables 22 is installed on the drawbar 5 by welding bushings 28 to the drawbar pipes. Rack 21 cables is made of a pipe with a cross section of 80×60×4. The cable rack 21 itself is made to form a triangle shape. Rack 21 cables is a connecting element between the drawbar and the frame of the harrow. Cables 22 are attached to the cable rack. The principle of operation of the cable rack, when the harrow is unfolded into the working position, due to its weight, the cable rack goes into a horizontal position and is fixed by a bracket that drives the hydraulic cylinder 31. The cable 22 is installed at one end on the cable rack 21, and the other end on the longitudinal beams 2. In the working position, the rack 21 of the cables 22 rises up, taking a vertical position, the springs 23 mounted on the racks 21 serve to hold the rack 21 in a vertical position and help return it to a horizontal position when unfolding. A plate 24 is installed above the rack 21 in order to hold the cable rack 21 (the harrow is in working position). Rack 21 serves to hold the longitudinal beams 2 in the working position. The frame balancing rope system compensates for peak loads, protecting the most heavily loaded components of the machine, and thereby increasing the life of the harrow.

The harrow has the ability to increase the working width by adding additional sections 27 to the main part of the frame. Additional sections 27 are made of a pipe of the same section as the main frame (180 × 180; 200 × 200) flanges are welded along the edges of the pipe, through which 8 is fastened - M24-6g×70 bolts, which makes it possible to select the width of the harrow from the existing tractor fleet, depending on the power of the tractor. The section width of 1.7 m in combination with the leaf suspension of the sections makes it possible to work even the most hilly meadows evenly.

The connection of the hydraulic cylinders 10 and 13 with the help of a flexible pipeline with the vehicle's hydraulic pump ensures high-quality tillage without damage to the pipeline and a longer harrow operation time.

The unit uses leashes for rigid fastening of sections.

The harrow has a strong reliable frame, which is achieved through the use of high-quality steel grades; (09G2S, St20, Steel 45.40X) Powder coating is largely superior to conventional painting and contributes to the preservation of the unit from corrosion and mechanical damage

Thus, the proposed design of a heavy spring harrow makes it possible to increase the reliability and durability of its operation, as well as to expand its technological capabilities, through the use of both hydraulic control of the depth of tillage and manual control of the angle of attack of the tines of the tines.

Claims (8)

1. A heavy spring harrow containing a frame, including a transverse and longitudinal beams, on which blocks of rakes are installed, equipped with spring teeth, a towing device - a drawbar, resting with its rear part on pneumatic wheels, support mechanisms are installed at the ends of the longitudinal beams, on which the impellers are located , transport wheels are mounted on the longitudinal beams with brackets, the longitudinal beams are connected to the transverse beam by a hinged mechanism, hydraulic mechanisms are made in the form of hydraulic cylinders, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinders for raising or lowering the harrow are equipped with a hinged lever mechanism and mounted on the impeller supports, on the pneumatic supports wheels in the central part on the drawbar, hydraulic cylinders with a hinged mechanism are also installed, while the hydraulic cylinders mounted on the impeller supports and on the pneumatic wheel supports have a common hydraulic line, each tine block is equipped with two spring levers connected to each other by means of a comb with holes for manually adjusting the angle of attack of the tines of the tines, which are fixed with pressure torsion springs and fixed with locking bolts, while the ratio of the working length of the tooth and its diameter is 4 ± 0.1; with the possibility of rotation, connected to the longitudinal beams, for turning the harrow beams into a horizontal position when the harrow is unfolded into the working position due to its stroke and fixation in the working position, as well as for storing the longitudinal beams in the transport position, while for uniform distribution of the load, the cables at one end they are mounted on the cable rack, and at the other end - on the longitudinal beams, the cable rack is equipped with a spring, and a plate is installed above it to hold it in working position. 2. The harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate above the cable rack is mounted on fingers that are attached to the drawbar and are fixed with two cotter pins, in addition, there is an additional fixation mechanism using a bracket, which is driven by an additional hydraulic cylinder connected to the tractor hydraulic system. 3. Harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that it has removable additional sections, which are bolted, made of a pipe of the same section as the frame 180 × 180; 200 × 200, flanges are welded along the edges of the pipe, through which fastening takes place with 8 bolts M24-6g × 70 in size. 4. Harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that the hitch - drawbar is a frame structure made of a pipe 180 × 100 × 8. 5. A harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that the cable rack is made of a pipe with a cross section of 80×60×4 and ∅76 at the base in the shape of a triangle. 6. Harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse and longitudinal beams of the harrow are made of high-quality steel grades 09G2S, St20, Steel 45, 40X and are powder coated, which increases corrosion resistance. 7. Harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth of the tines are made of high quality alloy steel, with heat treatment (tempering, hardening). 8. Harrow according to claim 1, characterized in that each tine block mounted on the transverse and longitudinal beams is made of pipes and fixed with four brackets.

Images