RU209667U1 - Combustion engine valve guide - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used in internal combustion engines of stationary and mobile installations. The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the guide sleeve of the valve of the internal combustion engine, containing in the lower part an expansion cavity made on the inner surface of the opening of the sleeve, and on the inner surface of the opening in the area between the expansion cavity and the upper end of the guide sleeve, a trapezoidal groove is made, associated with a radial oil supply hole from the common oil system of the engine, and diametrically opposite to the oil supply hole on the outer surface of the guide sleeve in the axial direction from the through radial hole, there is a channel for draining oil into the overvalve cavity of the engine; the expansion cavity is made in the form of a rectangular ring; the valve guide of the internal combustion engine is made of cast iron.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used in internal combustion engines of stationary and mobile installations.

Known valve guide sleeve of an internal combustion engine containing sealing grooves on the surface of the hole for the valve stem, the latter are filled with a substance representing the product of carbon formation in internal combustion engines or close to it in chemical composition (SU 1754912 Al, F01L 3/08, F01M 9/10 , published 15.08.1992).

The disadvantages of the known guide bushing is that the oil enters the friction pair bushing-valve stem randomly by gravity from the over-valve cavity of the cylinder head in connection with which there is no way to control the amount of oil supplied; soot formed in the grooves of the bushing, greatly impairs the process of heat transfer from the rod to the bushing, because Carbon formation has a very low thermal conductivity, which leads to a strong thermal expansion of the valve stem and a decrease in the guaranteed working clearance between the valve sleeve and the valve stem.

Closest to the proposed utility model is the cylinder head of a heat-loaded engine, containing an exhaust valve with a guide sleeve, in the lower part of which there is an expansion cavity connected with the air supply line, in the upper part of the valve stem in the area of the end face of the guide sleeve, an additional oil-receiving annular groove intersected by a plane the upper end of the guide bushing, and the cavity of the annular groove is connected by means of a longitudinal helical groove made on the valve stem with an expansion cavity in the lower part of the guide bushing, and the volume of the longitudinal groove is approximately 0.1 of the volume of the expansion cavity (RU 2005892, F01L 3/08, F01M 9 /10, 26.08.1991).

The disadvantages of this design

oil is supplied under the action of the cyclic mechanical operation of the gas distribution mechanism in connection with which the load on the entire gas distribution mechanism increases;

oil along the length of the sleeve does not spread over the entire surface, but only along a spiral groove on the valve stem;

there is no cavity for oil to escape from the sleeve, as a result of which thermal decomposition of the oil (soot) occurs in the spiral groove on the valve stem;

soot formed in the groove of the bushing, greatly impairs the process of heat transfer from the rod to the bushing, because Carbon formation has a very low thermal conductivity, which leads to a strong thermal expansion of the stem and a decrease in the guaranteed working clearance between the valve sleeve and the valve stem.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is expressed in reducing the wear of the valve sleeve-stem friction pair due to the long-term preservation of the initially set clearance in the friction pair within 0.06-0.09 mm by effective cooling and lubrication of the valve stem.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the guide sleeve of the valve of the internal combustion engine, containing in the lower part an expansion cavity made on the inner surface of the opening of the sleeve, and on the inner surface of the opening in the area between the expansion cavity and the upper end of the guide sleeve, a trapezoidal groove is made, associated with a radial oil supply hole from the common oil system of the engine, and diametrically opposite to the oil supply hole on the outer surface of the guide sleeve in the axial direction from the through radial hole, there is a channel for draining oil into the overvalve cavity of the engine; the expansion cavity is made in the form of a rectangular ring; wherein the valve guide bushing of the internal combustion engine is made of cast iron.

The device is illustrated by figures, where

fig. 1 is a general view of the valve guide of an internal combustion engine;

fig. 2 - view A in Fig. one;

fig. 3 - view B in Fig. one;

fig. 4 is a section B-B in FIG. one.

The guide sleeve 1 of the valve 2 of the internal combustion engine 3 (ICE) contains in the lower part an expansion cavity 4, made on the inner surface of the hole 5, and an annular groove 6 of a trapezoidal shape, located between the expansion cavity 4 and the upper end 7 of the guide sleeve 1, which is associated with radial hole 8 for supplying oil 9 from the common oil system 10 of the internal combustion engine 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4). Diametrically opposite to the radial hole 8 of the oil supply 9 on the outer surface 11 of the guide sleeve 1 in the axial direction from the through radial hole 12 (Fig. 2, Fig. 4) associated with the expansion cavity 4 to the upper end 7 of the guide sleeve 1, a longitudinal outlet channel is made 13 for draining oil 9 into the over-valve cavity (conventionally not shown in the diagram) ICE 3.

An annular groove 6 of a trapezoidal shape for uniform oil supply 9 is profiled in order to more uniformly form an oil film 14 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3) in the gap of the friction pair of the guide sleeve 1, the rod 15 of the valve 2. The expansion cavity 4 of collecting oil 9 is made in the form of a ring in a rectangular cross-section for more efficient collection of oil 9 with the stem 15 of the valve 2 and its discharge into the longitudinal outlet channel 13 (Fig. 4). The diameter of the radial hole 8 and the radial hole 12, as well as the dimensions of the longitudinal outlet channel 13 are designed for the required most efficient oil flow 9.

The positioning of the radial hole 8 and the radial hole 12 along the length of the guide sleeve 1, as well as their mutually diametrical arrangement, is determined and calculated for the most efficient distribution of oil 9 over the entire working plane of the friction pair sleeve 1-stem 15 of the valve 2. In this case, the guide sleeve 1 is made of cast iron .

The device works as follows. The exhaust valve 2 is driven with a timing mechanism (not shown) in accordance with the valve timing. Oil 9 supplied from the oil system 10 of the internal combustion engine 3 under pressure through the hole 8 enters the annular groove 6 and is evenly distributed over the entire diameter of the stem 15 of the valve 2. The reciprocating movement of the stem 15 evenly distributes the oil 9 over the entire surface of the friction pair sleeve 1 - valve stem 15 2. Oil accumulates in the expansion tank, under the influence of existing pressure through the outlet radial hole 12 enters the longitudinal outlet channel 13 and flows freely into the overvalve cavity of the cylinder head (not shown conventionally). In this case, forced pumping (renewal) of oil 9 occurs in the friction pair sleeve 1-stem 15 of valve 2, which ensures efficient heat removal from the stem 15 due to the constant movement of oil 9 (with a pressure of (4.0-6.0) kgf / cm ² ), which, in addition to the lubricating effect, also provides effective cooling of the rod 15 and the guide sleeve 1. The longitudinal outlet channel 13 is freely connected to the supra-valve cavity of the cylinder head, which has atmospheric pressure, then the oil pressure 9 in the annular groove 6 also drops to atmospheric, which eliminates oil 9 from the expansion cavity 4 enters the exhaust system of the engine.

Since this design of the guide sleeve 1 is applicable only for exhaust valves 2, where there is a constant overpressure of the engine exhaust gases from the side of the combustion chamber and, accordingly, there is always a gas-dynamic support of the lower end 16 of the guide sleeve 1, which completely eliminates the ingress of oil 9 from the expansion cavity 4 into exhaust system of the engine and oil consumption 9 for waste is absent.

Claims (3)

1. The guide sleeve of the internal combustion engine valve, containing in the lower part an expansion cavity made on the inner surface of the sleeve hole, characterized in that on the inner surface of the hole in the area between the expansion cavity and the upper end of the guide sleeve, a trapezoidal groove is made, associated with a radial hole oil supply from the common oil system of the engine, and diametrically opposite to the oil supply hole on the outer surface of the guide sleeve in the axial direction from the through radial hole there is a channel for draining oil into the over-valve cavity of the engine. 2. The valve guide of the internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the expansion cavity is made in the form of a rectangular ring. 3. The valve guide of the internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of cast iron.

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