RU205767U1 - DEVICE FOR SEARCHING FOR INJURIES UNDER THE DEPOSITS OF DESTROYED BUILDINGS TSPP "ZAVAL" - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of tasks for the search and detection of victims under the rubble of destroyed buildings as a result of natural disasters or man-made disasters and can be used in search and rescue operations by search and rescue units of the Russian Emergencies Ministry. The device for searching for victims in the rubble of destroyed buildings is a receiving and transmitting antenna system that combines an antenna unit, a control, synchronization and processing device, a power controller and a Wi-Fi module with an antenna, and, unlike others technical means of search, allows you to find living people in the rubble that do not show any signs of life. work by increasing the productivity of prospecting, reducing the influence of various obstacles in the area of the prospecting work on the detection process, increasing the reliability of detecting victims in the rubble. At the same time, the search for victims in the rubble will be possible even if the victim does not show any signs of life.

Description

The field of technology to which the utility model belongs.

The useful model relates to the field of solving problems of finding and detecting victims under the rubble of destroyed buildings as a result of natural disasters or man-made disasters can be used in search and rescue operations by search and rescue units of the Russian Emergencies Ministry.

State of the art.

Searching for people in areas of destruction differs from the usual task of probing by the presence of obstacles. The chaotic accumulation of fragments of building and other structures in the areas of destruction of buildings and structures significantly complicates the search process and imposes certain restrictions on the methods of sounding used.

According to the experience of eliminating the consequences of the earthquake in Armenia, due to the peculiarities of the process of destruction of buildings and structures, a relatively large number of deaths at the time of the earthquake within 2 days from the moment of the earthquake (of the total number of deaths during this time) was in the upper layers of the dam, and in absolute terms for In the upper layers of the dam, the number of deaths exceeded the number of the living in this layer of the dam. Thus, in the first 2-3 days of dismantling the rubble, the number of people retrieved alive was constantly growing, and the number of people retrieved by the dead decreased. As a rule, about half of the victims are unable to declare their existence due to their injuries. The number of irrecoverable losses at the time of destruction of buildings and structures on average can be equal to 10-20% of the total number of victims.

Depending on the availability of the appropriate forces and means, prospecting work can be carried out in the following ways:

- continuous visual inspection of the rescue work area (object, building);

- using specially trained dogs (cynological method);

- using special search devices (technical method).

A complete visual inspection of the rescue area (object, building) can be carried out by a search and rescue, reconnaissance or specially organized unit for this purpose. The composition of the assigned subdivision is determined based on the area and height of the investigated blockage, the nature of the destruction of the building, its functional affiliation, meteorological conditions, time of year and day at the time of the search and a number of other reasons.

The search for victims using service dogs (cynological) is carried out by a search and rescue service (PSS) calculation, consisting of an instructor-cynologist and a dog, and is based on the use of the high sensitivity of the dogs' olfactory organs, which can detect the places where the victim's body odor emerges on the surface of the rubble.

Search using special search devices (technical method) is based on their registration of physical properties characteristic of human life. Among them should be distinguished acoustic, radio wave and optical. At present, acoustic search devices are most developed and widespread. In our country, the former devices such as TP-15, "Vibrophone-3", "Sound", "Poisk" are being replaced by the equipment of civil defense troops and search and rescue formations of the Russian Emergencies Ministry, specially developed by "ABIGAR", an acoustic device search "Bearing-1".

The principle of operation of such devices is based on the registration of acoustic and seismic signals given by the victims (screams, groans, blows on the elements of the blockage). Devices of this type, as a rule, consist of three main elements: a receiving device (microphone, sensor), a transducer amplifier and an output device (headphones, indicators). Search devices based on the registration of vibrations are designed to work in environments with elastic forms (building structures, rocks). They have seismic or acoustic sensors installed during operation on a solid surface or into a cavity (void) in a rubble. The blows made on the structural elements of the destroyed building by the injured arrive in the form of elastic vibrations on the surface to be examined and are recorded on the indicator scale of the device.

Disclosure of a utility model

For search and rescue operations, the use of ultra-wideband radars (ground penetrating radars), which are characterized by a large range, high sensitivity and high performance, seems to be the most preferable as a technical means of searching for victims in the rubble.

Classical radar for air targets uses radio pulses with a carrier frequency from units to tens of GHz using various types of modulation as sounding signals. With radar sounding of avalanches, this type of signals using such high frequencies cannot be used due to the strong attenuation of radio waves in the probed environment.

In addition, the spatial extent of radio pulses, which determines the range resolution, in narrow-band radars is tens and hundreds of meters. Therefore, this type of sounding signals is not applicable in the search system, since the achieved resolution value does not ensure the fulfillment of the task of detecting victims in various rubble when the value of the minimum recorded movement of the victim's body or its parts is no more than 20 cm with the required minimum sounding depth of at least 5 meters.

Therefore, to solve the problems of detecting objects at close range with high resolution, special UWB radars are used, which in the conventional terminology received their own name - georadar.

UWB radar is a portable radar that, in contrast to the classical one, directs probing electromagnetic pulses into the medium under investigation, and not into free space. The investigated environment can be earth (hence the most common name - georadar), water, walls of buildings, etc.

For a long time, radars designed for sounding opaque media have been developed to detect only stationary objects, usually in the ground. Such radars are commonly referred to in the literature as subsurface.

At present, classical subsurface radar is an established scientific discipline, and the radars themselves are mass-produced both in Russia and abroad.

However, recently there has been a heightened interest in the use of methods and means of subsurface radar for detecting and diagnosing people who are in rubble or behind the walls of building structures. In the literature, this method has received its own name - bioradiolocation.

Bioradiolocation is a method of remote detection and diagnostics of people or animals, including behind optically opaque obstacles, based on the modulation of the radar signal by oscillatory movements and movements of the organs of a biological object. If a person is in a relatively immobile state, for example, sleeping, sitting or standing, fixing a posture, the modulation of the bioradar signal will be caused by lung contractions during breathing (characteristic frequencies 0.2-0.5 Hz), as well as pulsations of the heart and large superficial arteries (characteristic frequencies 0.7-1.5 Hz). At the same time, the amplitudes of displacements of the body surface due to breathing are about 1 cm, for the heartbeat, the same parameter is 1 mm.

The magnitudes of the registered displacements determine the use of electromagnetic waves of the ultrahigh frequency range in bioradars, and both pulse signals and continuous ones with linear or stepwise frequency modulation, as well as monochromatic ones, can be used as probing ones.

The main advantage of the bioradiolocation method from the point of view of practical applications is its contactlessness during research.

Brief Description of Drawings

Figure 1 shows a functional diagram of the device for searching for victims in the rubble.

Figure 2 shows drawings of the main components of the device for searching victims in the rubble of destroyed buildings and structures.

Implementation of the utility model

The essence of the claimed technical solution is illustrated by the functional diagram shown in FIG. one.

Figure 1 shows a device for searching for victims under the rubble of destroyed buildings of the TSPP "ZAVAL", containing power supplies 1 and 2, a power controller 3, a control, synchronization and processing device (UUSO) 4 is installed, a transmitting module 5, a transmitting antenna 6, a receiving module 7 , receiving antenna 8, Wi-Fi module with antenna 9 and portable tablet 10.

UUSO 4 generates a trigger pulse for the transmitter, which is fed to the transmitting module 5, where it is converted into a high-voltage pulse of nanosecond duration and fed to the transmitting antenna 6, which emits an electromagnetic pulse into the medium under study. The electromagnetic pulse reflected from the inhomogeneities of the medium is received by the receiving antenna 8, amplified in the receiving module 7 and fed to the UUSO 4, where it is converted into digital form and through the Wi-Fi module with the antenna 9 via the Wi-Fi interface for further processing into the portable tablet 10.

The design of the device for searching for victims under the rubble of the destroyed buildings of the TSPP "ZAVAL" is shown in Fig. 2.

Structurally, the device consists of an antenna unit, a power controller, two power supplies, a Wi-Fi module with an antenna, and a portable tablet.

The antenna unit consists of an antenna module and an UUSO board.

The antenna module consists of a metal case 12, in the lower part of which a receiving-transmitting resistive-loaded antenna of the "Butterfly" type (based on foil-clad fiberglass) is fixed.

The transmitting module 15 and the receiving module 16 are connected to the input contacts of the antennas with the help of mechanical catchers. To exclude the influence of the radio-absorbing material on the electronic components, the transmitting and receiving modules are located in plastic cases attached to the metal case.

UUSO 17 is installed on top of the antenna module, which is mechanically connected to the transmitting and receiving modules. The UUSO is fixed to the case with the help of racks and screws.

The antenna module is installed in a plastic case 11 and is covered with a metal panel 18, which serves as an additional shield and reduces the level of interference entering the input of the receiving antenna.

The device is powered from two power supplies 20 and 21. Power control is carried out by the power controller 19, installed on the inside of the metal panel 18. The power controller 19 automatically switches to another power supply when the first one is removed (hot swapping), reads the charge level from of each power supply unit and transmits this information to the UUSO 17.

Information from the USO 17 through the Wi-Fi module with the antenna 23 via the Wi-Fi interface is transmitted for further processing to the portable tablet 22.

The problem of creating technical means for the rapid search and detection of people affected by man-made and natural disasters remains relevant, despite numerous attempts to solve it.

The class of radar stations (radars), which are used to solve problems of searching and detecting people under rubble, refers to short-range radars. By the term "short-range radar" we mean a radar that detects targets at distances from units to tens of meters from the phase center of the antenna, provided that the target is in the Fraunhofer zone.

One of the most characteristic information signs of the presence of a target in the investigated area of space is the phase modulation of the echo signal caused by the Doppler effect when moving separate parts of the body (movement of the limbs, trunk, chest during breathing and heartbeat). The main task of such radars is to isolate the information signal against the background of interference caused by reflections of the probing signal from local objects, obstacles, on the propagation path, and then decide on the presence or absence of a target in the investigated area of space. At the same time, the interference that has the greatest impact on the probability of correct detection includes reflections of probing vibrations from moving objects outside the area of responsibility of the locator (reflections from a person who controls the radar operator, surrounding tree branches, strangers, reflections from which fall on the input of the receiver Radar on the side lobes of the antenna, working equipment, etc.).

At present, three basic concepts have been outlined in the construction of radar systems for remote sensing of a person behind an obstacle. These are systems using the so-called ultra-wideband pulsed video signals (UWB signals), spatially separated two-position and multi-position active-passive systems, and radars with quasi-continuous and continuous emissions.

The first class of systems is built on the principle of pulsed radars, the master oscillator of which generates short (as a rule, a few nanosecond duration) video pulses. These pulses are then differentiated by the locator antenna and emitted into space. The spectrum of such signals is quite wide (it can reach a few gigahertz), which determines the high resolution of the radar in terms of range. The short distance to the target allows the use of a high (up to megahertz) repetition rate of sounding pulses in a radar, without loss of uniqueness, which makes it possible to organize an effective accumulation of a signal during its processing.

However, this class of systems also has fundamental disadvantages. In particular, when UWB signals propagate in dispersive media, pulse destruction is observed, which ultimately reduces the signal-to-noise ratio and the probability of correct detection. In addition, there are practically no effective directional antennas for UWB signals, which leads to additional losses and an increase in the level of coherent interference from local objects outside the radar's area of responsibility. This greatly limits the range of tasks to be solved and the usability of such radars.

The radar antenna usually must be located directly at the obstacle and it is desirable that it be coordinated with it, which is obviously difficult to perform in real conditions.

Spatially-separated systems are based, as a rule, on the well-known principle of the base-correlation location system. They are promising in terms of the potential for localizing the location of the target in two coordinates simultaneously and, if possible, suppressing interference from local objects. The disadvantage of such systems is their technical complexity, the impossibility of operational use in real conditions and the ambiguity arising from the simultaneous processing of signals received by several spatially separated points.

Radars with quasi-continuous and continuous sounding signals are one of the most promising for solving problems of searching and detecting people under the rubble of buildings and structures, in avalanches and sand scree. With a relatively low power of the probing signal (tens or hundreds of milliwatts) for an observation time of several seconds, it is possible to achieve a significant potential of the locator (about 100-140 dB) by relatively simple technical means.

The small size of the equipment, the small size of the antennas (in the operating frequency range of 0.9-1.8 GHz) and low power consumption allow the use of such locators directly by each rescuer individually and as part of a complex of equipment with remote control. The possibility of using narrow-beam antennas allows for spatial selection of targets, increasing the noise immunity of the radar. The use of sophisticated noise-resistant modulation types provides gating of the radar responsibility area in range with steps from units to fractions of a meter in automatic scanning mode, which reduces the likelihood of missing a target. In addition, systems with continuous and quasi-continuous probing signal easily implement truly coherent signal processing.

Claims (1)

A device for searching for victims in the rubble, characterized by the fact that it includes a receiving-transmitting antenna system that combines an antenna unit in one housing, consisting of a metal body, in the lower part of which is fixed a receiving-transmitting resistively-loaded antenna of the "Butterfly" type based on foil fiberglass , to the input contacts of which, with the help of mechanical catchers, the transmitting and receiving modules are connected, located in plastic cases attached to a metal case, on top of which a synchronization and processing control device is installed, which is mechanically connected to the transmitting and receiving modules and is fixed to the case using racks and screws, on the inside of which a power controller is installed, which automatically switches to another power supply when the first is removed, reads the charge level from each power supply and transmits this information to the control device, and on the outside there are t umber for turning on the device, LED indicator, two slots for connecting power supplies with LEDs and a button for checking the power supply level, as well as a Wi-Fi module with an antenna.

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