RU199020U1 - PISTON ENGINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used mainly as a piston engine of a vehicle and an expander in refrigeration technology. The essence of the utility model. The proposed technical solution allows one to obtain higher values of indicator work in a piston engine and refrigeration capacity in an expander. is achieved by the fact that the high and low pressure pipelines are connected to a gas boosting device containing a compressor and an expansion impeller on one shaft, and the high pressure pipeline is connected to the inlet to the compressor impeller, and at the outlet from the wheel to the cylinder cover, the low pressure pipeline is connected to exhaust manifold and expansion paddle inlet.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering - positive displacement machines, in particular, piston expansion machines, and can be used both as a pneumatic motor, for example, in the mining and petrochemical industry for the power drive of machines and mechanisms, and as an expander for obtaining low temperatures in refrigeration equipment.

Known designs of piston expansion machines of a piston pneumatic motor (Patent RU 2097576 F01L 9/02, 25/00, F01B 25/02 published on November 27, 1997) and a piston expander (Patent RU 11312, F25B 1/02 published on September 16, 1999) with a direct-flow circuit gas in the cylinder, in the walls of which there are exhaust ports for the expanded air to escape. These designs use a self-acting normally open intake valve in the gas distribution system.

The disadvantages of such expansion machines are low indicator work and cooling capacity due to insufficient filling of the cylinder with high pressure gas.

The device of the piston engine (Patent RU 183893 F02G 3/02, F02G 5/02, F02B 33/16 Publ. 08.10.2018) is the closest to the one proposed in the application in terms of technical essence and is taken as a prototype.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to obtain higher values of indicator work in a piston engine and cooling capacity in an expander by increasing the filling of the cylinder with high pressure gas.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the high and low pressure pipelines are connected to a gas boosting device containing compressor and expansion impeller wheels on one shaft, and the high pressure pipeline is connected to the inlet to the compressor impeller, and at the outlet from the wheel to the cylinder cover, the low pressure is connected to the exhaust manifold and the inlet to the expansion vane.

The proposed utility model is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a piston engine cylinder with a direct-flow gas distribution system, which includes an inlet normally open valve, a gas pressurization device and outlets at the end of the piston stroke; Figure 2 is a view and sectional view of an inlet normally open valve, for example with a spring-loaded disc-shaped plate closure.

The proposed piston engine contains: cylinder 1, piston 2, connected with a crank mechanism. In the wall of the cylinder 1 in the lower part there are outlet openings 3, united by the exhaust manifold 4. In the cover 5 of the cylinder 1 there is an inlet normally open valve 6. The high pressure pipeline 7 is connected through the compressor impeller 8 with the cover 4. The low pressure pipeline 9 from the exhaust manifold 4 is supplied to the expansion paddle 10. The normally open inlet valve 6, for example, includes a saddle 11 with attached Z-shaped brackets 12, which act as a limiter for the movement of the plate closure element 13 with a compression spring 14. In the saddle 11 around the perimeter of the plate closure element 13, through holes 15 are made for the passage of high-pressure gas into the cylinder 1.

When gas is supplied through the high pressure pipeline 7 to the cover 4 and then to the cylinder 1 through the normally open inlet valve 6, the piston 2 moves from top to bottom dead center. With an increase in the speed of movement of the piston, with an increase in the pressure difference acting on the plate closure element 13, the gas force grows, which, overcoming the elastic forces of the compression spring 14, moves the plate closure element to the seat 11 and closes the through holes 15, stopping the flow of high-pressure gas into the cylinder 1. The high-pressure gas that enters the cylinder acts on the piston 2, mixes it and expands with the performance of useful work. When the piston 2 opens the outlet openings 3, the expanded low-pressure gas enters the exhaust manifold, from which it is then fed through the low-pressure pipeline 9 to the expansion vane wheel 10, ensuring the rotation of the compressor vane wheel 8, and thereby supplying high-pressure gas to the cover 4 through the pipeline high pressure 7.

When the piston moves back to top dead center, the pressure in the cylinder 1 after the piston closes the outlet openings 3 increases due to a decrease in the volume and compression of the low pressure gas remaining in the cylinder, and when the gas pressures in the cylinder 1 and cover 5 are equal, the intake valve 6 opens due to elasticity spring 14 to the arrival of the piston at top dead center, then the cycle is repeated.

The use of a normally open intake valve and a gas pressurization device in the piston engine gas distribution system helps to increase the useful indicator work of the piston engine, in the expander - refrigeration capacity.

Normally open self-acting inlet valves in the cylinder head can be made in the form of a locking element suspended on a tension spring (Patent RU 2097576 F01L 9/2, 25/00, F01B 25/02 published on November 27, 1997), a spring-loaded ring with a stop (Patent RU 11312 F25B 1/02, 16.09.1999), in the form of elastic elements parallel to the gas flow, and limiters, cantilevered in the package (Patent RU 38852 F04B 39/10, 53/10 10.07.2004).

Claims (1)

A piston engine, consisting of a piston, a cylinder with outlets connected by an exhaust manifold, a cylinder cover in which a normally open valve is located, high and low pressure pipelines, characterized in that the high and low pressure pipelines are connected to a gas pressurization device containing on one to the compressor shaft and expansion impeller, and the high pressure pipeline is connected to the inlet of the compressor impeller, and at the outlet from the wheel to the cylinder cover, the low pressure pipeline is connected to the exhaust manifold and the inlet to the expansion impeller.

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