RU195821U1 - UNIVERSAL WELDING TEMPLATE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to measuring devices, namely, templates designed to perform control and measurement operations during welding, and can be used in aluminothermic welding of rails of the type P50, P65 to control the geometric parameters of the rails and the weld. The technical result is the expansion of the functionality of the device. The template contains two shelves forming a square, the internal angle of which is 90 °. The first shelf contains external and internal supporting surfaces located parallel to each other, as well as side surfaces perpendicular to the supporting surfaces. The second shelf contains external and internal measuring surfaces located parallel to each other, as well as side surfaces perpendicular to the measuring surfaces. The thickness of the first shelf is greater than the thickness of the second shelf, while the shelves are connected so that the side surfaces of the second shelf are located between planes passing through the side surfaces of the first shelf. The width of the first shelf is 28 mm, the width of the second shelf is 22 mm. On the side of the external measuring surface of the second shelf, an additional element is made in the form of a protrusion located opposite the first shelf. The length of the protrusion is at least 30 mm. 3 s.p. f-ly, 9 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to measuring devices, namely, templates designed to perform control and measurement operations during welding, to check the parameters of parts and welded joints, in particular, the perpendicularity of surfaces, the size of the gap, etc., and can be used , for example, in aluminothermic welding of rails of type P50, P65 to control the geometric parameters of the rails in preparation for welding, and also to check the parameters of the weld.

For specialized technological processes, the urgent task is to develop universal templates, each of which provides the ability to control (evaluate or measure) several parameters, while ensuring the most simple and quick execution of control operations.

The use of measuring templates when performing welding work, for example, when welding railway rails, including in the field, can significantly reduce the time of preparatory and control operations, while ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters required by regulatory documents.

Traditionally widely used templates made in the form of squares, designed to check angles of 90 °. Such patterns (angles) are known, for example, from patents No. DE 2558734 A1 “Set square manufacturing method - uses processing sequence of stamping followed by welding, and set square is milled to close tolerances” [IPC G01B 3/56, date publ. 07/14/1977], RU 2104475 C1 “Testing square” [IPC G01B 3/14, date publ. 02/10/1998], CN201731854U "Quasi-square bar inclined plane measuring tool" [IPC G01B 5/24, date publ. 02/02/2011]. The square consists of two perpendicular shelves, the internal angle between which is 90 °, however, the constructive implementation of these templates does not provide for the possibility of evaluative control of the width of the welding gap without additional measurement operations. In addition, performing control of the position of the weld bead with their help also requires multiple measurements.

Known test squares with one or more electrical and / or mechanical indicators made on one of the shelves, for example, according to patents Nos. US 7526871 B1 "Precision machinist's square with indicator" [IPC G01B 3/56, B43L 7/10, publication date . 05/05/2009], CN 105004252 B "Detection method for verticality between splicing surface of long and thin workpiece with square cross section and reference surface" [IPC G01B 5/245, date publ. 10.28.2015], A.S. USSR № SU 104901 A1 “Square for checking the perpendicularity of parts” [IPC G01B 3/56, G01B 7/35, date publ. 11/30/1956]. However, these technical solutions are characterized by high structural complexity, which reduces their reliability, significantly complicates their use in conditions of extremely limited free space of the rail-sleeper lattice (in field conditions), and also does not provide the ability to evaluate the linear parameter - the width of the welding gap.

Currently, universal (multifunctional, combined) templates are widely used to control the geometrical parameters characterizing the condition of the railroad track, as well as to perform control and measurement operations when performing welded joints in the repair of rails, which make it possible to perform several measurement operations using a minimum number of additional measuring tools (ruler, caliper, measuring wedge, set of probes, etc.).

Known, for example, "Universal coordinate-measuring template" according to patent No. RU 2664899 C2 [IPC G01B 3/14, date publ. 08/23/2018], made in the form of a flat bracket with stepped calibrated cutouts to control the distance between the welding head and the worn surface of the crosspiece of the turnout switch. The template is designed to check the condition of the railroad track and allows you to verify the contours and measure wear of individual elements of the rail, but it does not provide the ability to assess the width of the welding gap, as well as to control the perpendicularity of the end surfaces of the end sections of the rails prepared for welding.

The well-known "Universal welder pattern" according to patent No. RU 53767 U1 [IPC G01B 17/00, date publ. May 27, 2006], made in the form of a rectangular plate, the longitudinal faces of which are base surfaces, the plate contains a ledge forming an end face, and a movable element mounted on the plate, the plate is equipped with reading scales of linear and angular values. The template is designed to measure the parameters of the weld, but does not allow to measure the end sections of rails prepared for butt welding.

The famous "Template V.G. Demchuk for measuring the geometric dimensions of welds of joints ”according to patent No. RU 2032140 C1 [IPC G01B 3/14, date publ. 03/27/1995], designed to control the geometric parameters of welds, made in the form of a rectangular plate, in which the basic elements with scale for measuring the length and width of the seam are made, recesses for measuring legs are made along the perimeter of the plate, in addition, the plate is equipped with a movable element for measuring the angle of inclination of the seam. However, the constructive implementation of the known template does not provide the ability to measure and control welds of the joints of railway rails, and also does not provide the ability to control the deviation of the surface from perpendicularity (in particular, the cut of the end of the rail).

Known corner-level according to patent No. US 4700489 A "Square level measuring tool" [IPC G01B 3/10, G01B 3/56, date publ. 10.20.1987], which is a multifunctional tool that is a combination of several tools. It consists of: a 90 ° square formed by interconnected vertical and horizontal shelves, measuring divisions (scale) are applied to the vertical shelf of the square, and the horizontal shelf is fixed to the base; level mounted in the horizontal shelf of the square; roulette, also placed in a horizontal shelf, and the measuring tape of the roulette extends in the horizontal direction, in the opposite direction from the horizontal shelf. Placing the entire block on the base makes it extremely difficult to use it to control welds of the joints of railway rails, as well as to check the geometric parameters of the end sections of the rails. In addition, the measuring tape of the tape measure is not a rigid element and cannot serve as an indicator indicator, combined with the marking applied (for example, on the spill of the weld).

Thus, as was shown above, the use of well-known templates (tools) for conducting control operations when performing welding operations when repairing a railway bed (including in field conditions) is difficult due to the presence of burrs, burrs and other features of butt welded joints of rails, limited free space of the rail-sleeper lattice, while the known technical solutions do not contain such a combination of structural elements that would ensure the possibility of not checking perpendicularity to the surfaces (end faces of the rails after their trimming before welding), but also the possibility of estimating the width of the welding gap (before welding), and the possibility to control the deviations from perpendicularity of the axis of the weld while minimizing additional measuring means and the number of measuring operations.

In the territory of the Russian Federation, the most widely used railroad rails are R50 and P65 rails (GOST R 51685-2000 “Railroad rails. General technical conditions”), related to wide gauge rails, whose market share exceeds 98% [web address: http : //promputsnab.ru/poleznoe/61-pochemu-iz-10-tipov-zheleznodorozhnyh-rels-chasche-pokupayut-r-50-ir-65.html].

During the operation of the rail track, it becomes necessary to repair certain sections of the rails (restoration of the rail lash), for which thermite welding (aluminothermic welding by the intermediate casting method) is usually used, the basic requirements for the implementation of which are established by regulatory documents: GOST R 57181-2016 “Termite rail welding. Technological process"; TU 24.10.75-337-01124323-2019 “Railway rails welded by the termite method. Technical conditions ”(approved. 08/01/2019).

According to the specified documents, operational control is provided during the entire technological process of welding, including before welding when cutting the rail and forming a butt gap between the ends of the rails - control of the kosin of the end of the rail in the vertical and horizontal planes and control of the width of the welding gap, as well as after completion of welding - control of deviations from the perpendicularity of the axis of the weld.

According to clause 5.3.3 of GOST R 57181-2016 and clause 4.1.6 of TU 24.10.75-337-01124323-2019 for rail types P50, P65, the nominal value of the width of the standard (so-called “1-inch”) gap is from 24 up to 26 mm.

Requirements for the perpendicularity of the ends of the welded rails to the longitudinal axis (the so-called “cut kosin”) are established in clause 4.1.6 of TU 24.10.75-337-01124323-2019: the skew of the ends of the welded rails should not exceed 1 mm when measured in any direction (diagram measurement of the end section of the rail is shown in Fig. 2 TU 24.10.75-337-01124323-2019, measurement is carried out using a 90 ° calibration square and a set of probes).

Thus, the permissible total deviation from the nominal width of the gap, taking into account the permissible distortions during trimming, should not exceed 2 mm when measured in any direction, and the controlled gap width along the rolling surface of the rail head, in the center of the rail neck and at the ends (right and left) of the sole the rail should be not less than 22 mm, but not more than 28 mm (i.e. in the range of 22 ÷ 28 mm, including extreme values).

Requirements for the perpendicularity of the axis of the weld to the longitudinal axis of the rail are established in clause 4.2.3 of TU 24.10.75-337-01124323-2019: the deviation of the pouring surface of the weld from the vertical and horizontal planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rail should not exceed 3 mm ( the deviation determination scheme is shown in Fig. 3 of TU 24.10.75-337-01124323-2019, measurements are carried out using a 90 ° calibration square and a caliper or ruler).

As a technical solution (prototype), the closest in the aggregate of essential features to the claimed utility model, a test square (type USh) is proposed, made in accordance with GOST 3749-77 “Test squares 90 ° and is a template designed to verify 90 ° (t i.e. perpendicularity of surfaces).

The famous square is formed by two regiments. The internal angle of the square is 90 °. According to the designations specified in GOST 3749-77, one of the shelves (the first shelf) has an internal supporting surface and an external supporting surface, the other shelf (second shelf) has an internal measuring surface and an external measuring surface.

The angle between the inner supporting surface of the first shelf and the internal measuring surface of the second shelf is 90 ° (internal angle of the square). The angle between the outer supporting surface of the first shelf and the outer measuring surface of the second shelf is also equal to 90 °. Thus, the supporting surfaces are parallel to each other and the measuring surfaces are parallel to each other.

Between the long sides of the measuring surfaces are located the side surfaces of the second shelf connected to them, respectively, between the long sides of the supporting surfaces there are the side surfaces of the first shelf connected to them, while the side surfaces of the second shelf are perpendicular to the outer supporting surface of the first shelf.

The thickness of the first shelf, corresponding to the distance between the side surfaces of the first shelf, is greater than the thickness of the second shelf, corresponding to the distance between the side surfaces of the second shelf. The shelves are connected so that the second shelf with its end installed in the groove made in the first shelf, i.e. the side surfaces of the second shelf are located between the planes passing through the side surfaces of the first shelf.

Using a known angle (template) can be performed to control the perpendicularity of the ends of the end sections of the rails before welding, as well as control deviations from the perpendicularity of the axis of the weld after welding.

Checking the cut Kosin is carried out by combining the inner reference plane of the square with the corresponding base surface of the rail (when measuring the Kosin in the vertical plane, the bases will be the rail head and the sole of the rail, when measuring Kosin in the horizontal plane, the side face of the rail sole and the side face of the rail head), when the gap between the internal measuring surface of the template and the end of the rail can be measured using a measuring wedge or a set of probes.

However, it is necessary to pay attention that when controlling the position of the axis of the weld using the prototype template, it is necessary to first install the square on the support shelf when measuring on the bottom of the rail, fix it in the installed position, for which one of the welders usually has to hold the template, while as the second welder must measure the distance between the outer measuring surface of the square and the axis of the seam, and these measurements are made at each control point on the axis of the seam. Measurements are usually carried out using a caliper or ruler. It should also be noted that the known template does not provide an opportunity to assess the width of the welding gap. To carry out measurements in control areas, a caliper is usually used and a series of measurements is performed in the installed areas.

Thus, the known technical solution does not contain the combination of structural elements that, when using this template, would provide not only the ability to check the perpendicularity of the ends of the rails after trimming them before welding, but would also provide the opportunity to assess the width of the welding gap and control deviations from the perpendicularity of the axis of the welded a seam while minimizing the number of measuring operations.

The technical result, the claimed utility model is aimed at achieving, is to expand the functionality of the template (namely, the possibility of estimating the width of the welding gap with the template, as well as reducing the number of measurements performed using an additional measuring tool to control the deviation of the axis of the weld), which , in turn, will simplify the implementation of control operations and reduce their execution time.

To achieve the above technical result, a template is proposed that contains two shelves forming a square, the internal angle of which is 90 °. The first shelf contains external and internal abutment surfaces parallel to each other, as well as side surfaces that abut the abutment surfaces along their long sides and perpendicular to the abutment surfaces. The second shelf contains external and internal measuring surfaces located parallel to each other, as well as side surfaces that are adjacent to the measuring surfaces along their long sides and perpendicular to the measuring surfaces. The internal angle of the square is formed by the internal supporting surface of the first shelf and the internal measuring surface of the second shelf. The thickness of the first shelf, corresponding to the distance between the side surfaces of the first shelf, exceeds the thickness of the second shelf, corresponding to the distance between the side surfaces of the second shelf. The shelves are connected so that the side surfaces of the second shelf are located between the planes passing through the side surfaces of the first shelf. The width of the first shelf, corresponding to the distance between its supporting surfaces, is 28 mm, and the width of the second shelf, corresponding to the distance between its measuring surfaces, is 22 mm. On the side of the external measuring surface of the second shelf, an additional element is made in the form of a protrusion located opposite the first shelf. The surface of the protrusion from the side of the outer abutment surface of the first shelf is closer to the plane of the inner abutment surface of the first shelf than the above outer abutment surface (i.e., the protrusion is made below the outer abutment surface of the first shelf). The length of the protrusion is at least 30 mm.

Optimal and, as shown by tests of prototypes, the most convenient for work length of the protrusion of the template is 35 mm When performing a longer protrusion, the dimensions and weight of the template increase, which complicates the work with this tool.

The most technologically advanced is the execution of the template, in which the end surface of the first shelf, located on the connection side of the first and second shelves, and the outer measuring surface of the second shelf are located in the same plane.

In order to make it possible to use the template without differentiating between the measurements with the front and back, the template can be made symmetrical with respect to a plane parallel to the side surfaces of the second shelf and at an equal distance from each of them.

The implementation of the additional element in the form of a protrusion as described above, makes it possible to use the proposed template for positioning the end (end) of the protrusion to the marking of the center of the weld (and basing the outer supporting surface to the corresponding plane of the rail), which at a known distance from the plane of the outer measuring surface to the end of the protrusion corresponding to the length of the protrusion, allows you to determine the deviation of the position of the axis of the seam (in the vertical or horizontal plane) when first measuring the distances between markings made on the weld spraying (application marker Valium) and respective measuring surface. In addition, the implementation of the shelves of the specified width allows you to evaluate the conformity of the width of the welding gap to the regulatory requirements without performing measurement operations using separate measuring tools (ruler or vernier caliper). Thus, these factors provide (in comparison with the prototype) the expansion of the functionality of the proposed template, while at the same time simplifying the execution of control operations and reducing the time of their execution.

Graphic materials contain an example of a specific implementation of the inventive template (Fig. 1-2), as well as schemes for performing control operations using the inventive template (Fig. 3-9).

In FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a template, main view; in FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a template, side view (left).

In FIG. 3, 4, 5, 6 show the measurement schemes of the kosin of the end of the rail (kosin of the cut) in the vertical and horizontal plane after trimming the rails before welding: in FIG. 3 - vertically along the axis of the neck of the rail at the bottom of the rail; in FIG. 4 - vertically along the axis of the neck of the rail at the rail head; in FIG. 5 - horizontally at the bottom of the rail; in FIG. 6 - horizontally at the rail head.

In FIG. 7, 8 schematically shows the zones of permissible deviations when cutting the rails and, accordingly, the allowable interval of the welding gap, and also indicates the sections of the control measurements of the gap: in FIG. 7 is a side view, in FIG. 8 is a plan view.

In FIG. 9 shows a diagram for measuring the vertical deviation of the tide axis of a weld.

The template 1 contains a wide shelf 2 (first shelf) and a narrow shelf 3 (second shelf), forming a square (Fig. 1, 2).

The shelf 2 is made in the form of a bar having a rectangular cross section. According to the accepted interpretation: “a bar is an object having an elongated tetrahedral shape” [“Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov”, website address: https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/751194/BRUSOK]. Shelf 2 has an inner 4 and an outer (outer) 5 flat surfaces (called abutment according to GOST 3749-77), side surfaces 6 and 7, as well as end surfaces 8 and 9. Support 4, 5 (located opposite each other), and the lateral 6, 7 (located opposite each other) the surface of the shelf 2 are pairwise parallel to each other, while the lateral surfaces 6, 7 are perpendicular to the supporting surfaces 4, 5.

 The shelf 3 is also made in the form of a bar having a rectangular cross section. Shelf 3 has an inner 10 and an outer (outer) 11 flat surfaces (called measuring according to GOST 3749-77), side surfaces 12 and 13, as well as end surfaces 14 and 15. Measuring 10, 11 (located opposite each other), and the lateral 12, 13 (located opposite each other) the surface of the shelf 3 are pairwise parallel to each other, while the lateral surfaces 12, 13 are perpendicular to the measuring surfaces 10, 11.

The side surfaces 6, 7, 12, 13 are parallel to each other.

The inner supporting surface 4 of the shelf 2 and the inner measuring surface 10 of the shelf 3 are made perpendicular to each other: the angle α between the surfaces 4 and 10 is the internal angle of the square formed by the shelves 2 and 3, and its value is 90 ° (α = 90 °). Surfaces 5 and 11 are also perpendicular to each other.

The external measuring surface 11 of the shelf 3 is flush with the end surface 9 of the shelf 2, while the surface 11 and surface 9 (lying in the same plane) form a single external measuring surface of the square.

The width "a" of the shelf 2, corresponding to the distance between the supporting surfaces 4 and 5, is 28 mm (a = 28 mm). The width "b" of the shelf 3, corresponding to the distance between the measuring surfaces 10 and 11, is 22 mm (b = 22 mm). The nominal values of the parameters (a = 28 mm, b = 22 mm) are due to the allowable interval of the values of the welding gap between the end sections (ends) of the welded rails (types P50, P65).

The thickness "s" (corresponding to the distance between the side surfaces 6 and 7) of the shelf 2 is greater than the thickness "k" (corresponding to the distance between the side surfaces 12 and 13) of the shelf 3, and the shelf 3 is located so that the thickness s of the shelf 2 overlaps the thickness k of the shelf 3 on both sides, i.e. the side surfaces of the second shelf are located between planes passing through the side surfaces of the first shelf. In the presented example of the template, shelf 2 is made with a thickness of 20 mm, shelf 3 is made with a thickness of 6 mm.

In the presented example, the shelf 3 with its upper part (from the side of the end surface 15) is placed in the groove of the shelf 2, made from the side of the inner supporting surface 4, and is located symmetrically with respect to the plane of symmetry shown in FIG. 2 dashed dotted line. The specified plane is the plane of symmetry of the template and is parallel to the side surfaces of the second shelf (as well as the side surfaces of the first shelf) at the same distance from them.

From the side of the external measuring surface 11 of the shelf 3, an additional element is made, which is a protrusion 16 ("protrusion-indicator"), located opposite (ie opposite) to the shelf 2. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the protrusion 16 is installed in a groove made from the end surface 9 of the shelf 2. The free end of the protrusion 16 is directed to the opposite side from the free end (from the end surface 8) of the shelf 2, while the distance "c" from the free end (end) 17 to the outer measuring surface 11 of the shelf 3 should be at least 30mm, which is due to the following factors: according to regulatory requirements, the width of the weld spill for the R50 and P65 rails is 40 mm (the distance to the axis will be (40: 2) = 20 mm, in Fig. 9 it is indicated W), while a margin of at least 10 mm for the tool to bend around the flashing edge or burrs formed during casting, taking into account the fact that, when measuring, the protrusion 16 must be installed before aligning the edge (surface) 17 with the marking of the axis of pouring of the weld, then the minimum length c of the protrusion indicator 16 should be 30 mm ( (40: 2) + 10 = 30). As noted above, the protrusion length 16 that is optimal for operation is 35 mm.

The protrusion 16 is made with a width smaller than the width of the shelf 2, while the surface of the protrusion 16 from the side of the outer abutment surface 5 is closer to the plane of the inner abutment surface 4 than the above surface 5, i.e. the protrusion 16 is located below the surface 5. The shelf 2 in width overlaps on both sides of the protrusion 16.

Structurally, the protrusion 16 can be made, for example, in the form of a needle probe, can also be made as shown in FIG. 1, 2, namely, the protrusion 16 may be a bar, one end of which is connected to the shelf 2 from the side of its end 9, the side surfaces are similar to and parallel to the side surfaces 6 and 7 of the shelf 2, the free end 17 of the protrusion 16 is made in the form of an end surface parallel to the measuring surfaces 10, 11.

The template has a central plane of symmetry parallel to the side surfaces 12, 13 of the shelf 3 (indicated by a dashed line in FIG. 2), which makes it possible to measure the front and back sides (i.e., on both sides of the side surfaces).

The template may be made of stainless steel commonly used for the manufacture of such tools. The requirements for dimensional accuracy and surface location correspond to those specified in GOST 3749-77.

Using the inventive template to perform control operations in the process of aluminothermic welding of rails of type P50 and P65 is as follows.

After trimming the ends of the rails before welding, it is necessary to check the perpendicularity of the end of the end portion of the rail in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane.

To measure the cut cosine vertically, the template 1 is applied with the internal supporting surface 4 of the shelf 2 to the base surface — the rolling surface of the rail (combining the supporting surface 4 and the rolling surface of the rail), as shown in FIG. 3, 4. If there is a gap between the inner measuring surface 10 of the shelf 3 and the end of the rail at the bottom of the rail (Fig. 3) or at the head of the rail (Fig. 4), the gap is measured using a set of probes or a measuring wedge L. The measuring wedge is inserted into the gap to a snug fit and the divisions determine the deviation of the end of the rail from the vertical.

To measure the cut kosin horizontally at the rail sole, the inner abutment surface 4 of the shelf 2 is applied to the side face of the rail sole as shown in FIG. 5. If there is a gap between the inner measuring surface 10 of the shelf 3 and the end of the rail, the gap value is also measured using a set of probes or a measuring wedge L.

To measure the cut cosine horizontally at the rail head, the inner abutment surface 4 of the shelf 2 is applied to the side face of the rail head as shown in FIG. 6. If there is a gap between the inner measuring surface 10 of the shelf 3 and the end of the rail, the clearance is also measured using a set of probes or a measuring wedge L.

According to current requirements, the gap in both the vertical and horizontal plane should not exceed 1 mm.

It should be noted that the implementation of the above control operations using the proposed template is carried out similarly to these operations using the well-known template-square, selected as a prototype.

The implementation of the shelf 2 and shelf 3 of the template with a width of 28 mm and 22 mm, respectively, provides the opportunity to evaluate the width of the welding gap. In FIG. 7, 8 shows the gap between the end sections of the left and right rail, which are designated respectively LR, PR.

In FIG. 7, a frontal image (side view of the connected rails) of the gap taking into account the zones z of permissible deviations (in the vertical plane) of the ends of the rails from perpendicularity when cutting is schematically presented. In the diagram of FIG. 7 shows the sections for controlling the width of the gap: a section along the rolling surface of the rail head (in Fig. 7 is designated H1) and a section in the center of the neck of the rail (in Fig. 7 is marked H2).

In FIG. Figure 8 shows the image of the gap between the welded rails in a plan view taking into account the zones z of permissible deviations (in the horizontal plane) of the ends of the rails from perpendicularity. In the diagram of FIG. Figure 8 shows the sections for controlling the width of the gap: sections along the ends of the sole of the rail (in Fig. 8, H3 and H4 are indicated).

In FIG. 7 and 8 indicate the minimum and maximum permissible values of the width of the welding gap - 22 mm and 28 mm, respectively.

Assessment of the width of the gap is carried out when entering into the gap in the indicated sections H1, H2, H3, H4 of shelf 2 and shelf 3 in width. Applying in turn the shelves of the template to the gap in each control section receive an assessment of compliance of the width of the gap with regulatory requirements.

The gap meets the established requirements if the shelf 3, whose width is 22 mm, enters the gap freely (the gap is greater than 22 mm) or with an interference fit (the gap is equal to the nominal value of 22 mm) in the control sections, and if this is the case 2, the width which is 28 mm, is not included in the gap (the gap is less than 28 mm) or is tightened (the gap at face value is 28 mm) in the control areas.

It should be noted that the execution of the control operation described above is provided by the proposed template due to the implementation of the shelf 2 and shelf 3 of a given width (28 mm and 22 mm, respectively) and is not provided when using the known square template selected as a prototype (in this case, the use of separate additional measuring tool - for example, ruler or vernier caliper). The specified factor provides an extension of the functionality of the proposed template in comparison with the prototype.

After completion of welding work, it is required to carry out a control operation to determine the deviation of the weld seam axis from perpendicularity in the vertical and horizontal planes (the deviation should not exceed 3 mm). In FIG. 9 is a diagram for measuring the vertical deviation of the axis of the weld (i.e., in the vertical plane), the axis of the weld is indicated by OO.

When conducting the control, the marking of the center of the weld pouring under the head and along the ends of the rail sole on both sides is first marked out, for each plane, two control extreme points are noted that are located on the axis of pouring of the weld, one under the rail head, and the second on the side of the rail sole .

When determining the vertical deviation of the axis of pouring of the weld (Fig. 9), the inventive template is installed by combining the outer abutment surface 5 of the shelf 2 with the lower surface of the rail head, while the protrusion indicator 16 is positioned to the corresponding marked point on the axis of the seam so that the end surface 17 of the ledge indicator 16 coincided with the marked point. The protrusion 16 has a length of 35 mm (in this case, as already noted, the surface 11 of the shelf 3 will defend from the edge of the seam pouring, not in contact with the flash and the remains of the gate system). By measuring using any measuring tool (tape measure, ruler, vernier caliper) the distance from the other extreme point on the axis of the seam to the outer measuring surface 11, the value F is obtained. The deviation value of the axis of the weld is defined as the difference between the obtained value F and the known length of the protrusion 16, component 35 mm The resulting difference should not exceed 3 mm, which will indicate that the weld meets the established requirement.

The deviation in the horizontal plane is determined in a similar way.

It should be noted that when using the proposed template to control the deviation of the axis of the weld in a given plane, it is necessary to conduct a single distance measurement - at only one point, which reduces the time it takes to carry out the control operation, while instead of performing measurements at another point, positioning is performed (as described above) of the protrusion indicator 16, the length "s" of which is known. The proposed implementation of the template expands the functionality of the device and allows you to reduce the time it takes to perform control operations.

Thus, the proposed technical solution provides not only the ability to control the cut bows before welding, but also the ability to perform evaluations using the template of the width of the welding gap, as well as reducing the number of measurements performed using an additional measuring tool to control the deviation of the axis of the weld, which allows expansion device functionality.

Claims (4)

1. The template, characterized in that it contains two shelves forming a square, the internal angle of which is 90 °; the first shelf contains external and internal abutment surfaces parallel to each other, as well as side surfaces that abut the abutment surfaces along their long sides and perpendicular to the abutment surfaces; the second shelf contains external and internal measuring surfaces located parallel to each other, as well as side surfaces that are adjacent to the measuring surfaces along their long sides and located perpendicular to the measuring surfaces; the inner corner of the square is formed by the inner supporting surface of the first shelf and the internal measuring surface of the second shelf; the thickness of the first shelf corresponding to the distance between the side surfaces of the first shelf exceeds the thickness of the second shelf corresponding to the distance between the side surfaces of the second shelf, the shelves being connected so that the side surfaces of the second shelf are between planes passing through the side surfaces of the first shelf; the width of the first shelf, corresponding to the distance between its supporting surfaces, is 28 mm, and the width of the second shelf, corresponding to the distance between its measuring surfaces, is 22 mm; from the side of the external measuring surface of the second shelf, an additional element is made in the form of a protrusion located opposite the first shelf, while the surface of the protrusion from the side of the outer supporting surface of the first shelf is closer to the plane of the inner supporting surface of the first shelf than the outer supporting surface indicated above; the protrusion length is at least 30 mm. 2. The template according to claim 1, characterized in that the protrusion length is 35 mm. 3. The template according to claim 1, characterized in that the end surface of the first shelf, located on the connection side of the first and second shelves, and the outer measuring surface of the second shelf are located in the same plane. 4. The template according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made symmetrical with respect to a plane located parallel to the side surfaces of the second shelf and at an equal distance from each of them.

Images