RU194266U1 - Axial piston hydraulic machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to volumetric rotary hydraulic machines designed to operate as a pump or hydraulic motor in hydraulic drives of machinery and equipment. The axial piston hydraulic machine contains an inclined washer, a cylinder block connected to the shaft by splines on one side, the main pistons located in the block cylinders and additional smaller pistons located in the additional cylinder cylinders made in the cylinder sections of its main cylinders, all the pistons rely on an inclined washer with shoes rolled on the spherical heads of the pistons, and a distribution disk with sickle-shaped windows and jumpers between them, tightly adjacent to the end face of the cylinder block on the other hand, it has additional sickle-shaped windows with jumpers between them, moreover, the hydraulic machine contains a second cylinder block with the same set of pistons and an inclined washer, cylinder blocks are located symmetrically with respect to the general distribution disk and fit snugly on it from opposite sides, both cylinder blocks are placed in a single housing and connected to the common shaft by splines, the common distribution disk is made with through main and additional sickle-shaped windows, and the inclined washers of the blocks are connected s mechanical connection, including the regulator of their inclination, made in the form of a one-sided hydraulic cylinder with a return spring. Effect: double the working volume of the axial piston hydraulic machine. 1 n.p. f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

The invention relates to volumetric rotary hydraulic machines designed to operate as a pump or hydraulic motor in hydraulic drives of machinery and equipment.

Known axial piston pump with an inclined disk [Hydraulics, hydraulic machines and hydraulic drives: Textbook for engineering universities / T.M. Bashta, S.S. Rudnev, B.B. Nekrasov et al. - M: Mechanical Engineering, 1982. - 423 s, S. 319-320, Fig. 3.31], containing a cylinder block connected to the shaft by splines on one side, pistons placed in the cylinders, resting on an inclined disk through hydrostatic bearings with spherical joints and a distribution washer with blind sickle-shaped windows and jumpers between them, tightly adjacent to the cylinder block on the other his side.

Common features of a well-known analogue with the claimed utility model are a cylinder block, a shaft connected by splines to the block, pistons placed in its cylinders, hydrostatic bearings connected by spherical joints with pistons resting on an inclined disk and a distribution washer with blind (not through) sickle windows and jumpers between them, tightly adjacent to the end of the cylinder block.

The disadvantage of the analogue is that the axial piston pump contains one unified pumping unit formed by a cylinder block, pistons, an inclined disk and a distribution washer, while the placement of the second unified pumping unit is symmetrical to the first relative to the common distribution plate in a single housing with a common shaft, resulting would double the working volume, supply and power of the pump with a slight increase in the longitudinal dimension of the pump.

Known axial piston hydraulic machine [Hydropneumatic automation and hydraulic mobile machines. Volumetric hydraulic and pneumatic machines and gears: Textbook for universities / A.F. Andreev, L.V. Bartashevich, N.V. Bogdan and others; Under. ed. V.V. Guskova. - Mn .: Vysh. school, 1987 .-- 310 s. S. 103–104, fig. 5.4] containing an inclined washer, a cylinder block connected to the drive shaft by splines on one side, pistons placed in the block cylinders, supported by an inclined washer with their hydrostatic bearings (shoes), rolled on spherical piston heads and a self-aligning distribution disk with blind (non-through ) sickle-shaped windows and jumpers between them, tightly adjacent to the end face of the cylinder block on its other side.

Common features of the prototype with the claimed utility model are an inclined washer, a cylinder block connected to the shaft by splines on one side, pistons placed in the block cylinders resting on the inclined washer with shoes rolled on spherical piston heads and a distribution disk with dull sickle-shaped windows and jumpers between them, tightly adjacent to the end of the cylinder block on its other side.

The disadvantage of the second analogue is the same: it contains one unified pumping unit, consisting of a cylinder block, pistons, an inclined washer and a distribution disk, while the placement of the second unified pumping unit is symmetrical to the first relative to the common distribution disk in a common housing with a common shaft, which would double the working the volume, flow of the hydraulic machine and its power with a slight increase in the longitudinal dimension.

An axial piston hydraulic machine (RU No. 190213, IPC F04B 1/20, published on June 24, 2019) containing an inclined washer, a cylinder block connected to the shaft by splines on one side, pistons placed in cylinders resting on an inclined washer was adopted as a prototype shoes rolled on spherical piston heads and a distribution disk with blind (not through) sickle-shaped windows and jumpers between them, tightly adjacent to the block end face on its other side, while additional cylinders of smaller diameter in m are made in the block the quarter-cylinder zones of its main cylinders, and the additional pistons placed in them rely on the same inclined washer with their shoes; additional dull sickle-shaped windows cut in the distribution disk with jumpers between them are in communication with the main sickle-shaped windows, and branch ducts drilled in the cylinder block lead from additional cylinders to additional crescent-shaped windows.

In the prototype, due to additional cylinders and pistons, the working volume (feed, power) is increased by 33% compared with the considered analogues, however, it also has a drawback. Namely: it contains only one pumping unit, consisting of a cylinder block, main and additional pistons, an inclined washer and a distribution disk, while the placement of the second same pumping unit is symmetrical to the first relative to the common distribution disk in a common housing with a common shaft, would allow double the working volume (feed, power) with a slight increase in the longitudinal dimension.

The inventive utility model is aimed at doubling the working volume of the hydraulic machine, and as a result, doubling its supply and power with a slight increase in the longitudinal dimension.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to double the working volume of the axial piston hydraulic machine with a slight increase in its longitudinal dimension.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the axial piston hydraulic machine contains an inclined washer, a cylinder block connected to the shaft by splines, pistons located in the cylinders of the block and additional pistons of a smaller diameter placed in the additional cylinders of the block made in the inter-cylinder zones of its main cylinders; in this case, all pistons of the block are supported by an inclined washer with shoes rolled on their spherical heads, and a distribution disk with sickle-shaped windows and jumpers between them, tightly adjacent to the end face of the block, has additional sickle-shaped windows with jumpers between them. Additional crescent-shaped windows are communicated with the main ones, and outlet channels drilled in the block lead from additional cylinders to additional crescent-shaped windows.

The mentioned elements of the hydraulic machine, namely: an inclined washer, a cylinder block, main and additional pistons placed in the cylinders of the block and supported by shoes, a distribution disk with main and additional sickle-shaped windows and jumpers between them, form one unified pumping unit.

In this case, the hydraulic machine contains a second cylinder block with the same set of pistons and its inclined washer, forming the exact same pumping unit, but without its distribution disk, placed in the hydraulic machine body symmetrically to the first pumping unit relative to one common distribution disk. Both pumping units are placed in a single housing and are connected to the common shaft by splines of the blocks. The common distribution disk is made with through main and additional sickle-shaped windows, and the inclined washers of the swinging nodes are connected by a mechanical connection, including a tilt regulator made in the form of a one-sided hydraulic cylinder and providing the same change in the angle of inclination of the said washers to regulate the working volume of the hydraulic machine during rotation of the cylinder blocks of both pumping nodes.

The presence of two identical (and therefore unified) pumping units made of unified parts provides a doubling of the working volume (feed, power) of the axial piston hydraulic machine. At the same time, thanks to the common distribution disk and the common shaft, the longitudinal dimension of the hydraulic machine increases slightly, which significantly increases the specific power of the hydraulic machine (power related to mass).

Distinctive features of the claimed utility model from the prototype are the second pumping unit, placed symmetrically to the first relative to the common distribution disk, made with through main and additional sickle-shaped windows, a common shaft connected to the cylinder blocks by splines, and mechanical connection with the regulator of the inclined washers of both pumping units, made in the form of a one-sided hydraulic cylinder.

The presence of distinctive features allows us to conclude that the claimed utility model meets the condition of patentability “novelty”.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows an axial piston hydraulic machine in longitudinal section.

In FIG. 2 shows a view of the cylinder block of the axial piston hydraulic machine from the side of the inclined washer.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the superposition of the contours of the sickle-shaped windows of the distribution disk on the channels in the cylinder block leading to the main and additional cylinders.

In FIG. 4 shows a section AA of the distribution disk of the axial piston hydraulic machine of FIG. one.

In FIG. 5 shows a section BB of the distribution disk.

Axial piston hydraulic machine, FIG. 1, comprises a housing 1, a drive shaft 2 with splines 3, mounted in bearings 4. The cylinder block 5 of the first pumping unit is connected to the shaft 2 through its splines 3, and with its left spherical end face is pressed against the spherical surface of the common distribution disk 6 by a spring 7 through thrust ring 8, which allows the cylinder block 5 to self-install during rotation with an angular velocity u.

The cylinder block 9 of the second swinging unit, placed symmetrically to the first relative to the common distribution disk 6, is connected to the shaft 2 through its splines 3, and its right spherical end is tightly pressed against the other (opposite) spherical surface of the general distribution disk 6 by its spring 7 through its thrust ring 8, which also allows the cylinder block 9 to self-install during rotation with an angular velocity u.

In FIG. 2 shows a view of the cylinder blocks 5 and 9 from the side of their inclined washers 10 and 11. They have the main cylinders 12 and additional cylinders 13 of smaller diameter located in the inter-cylinder zones of the main cylinders 12 (splines in the central hole of the block are not conventionally shown).

In the cylinder blocks 5 and 9, FIG. 1, branch channels 14 and 15 are drilled, extending from the main 12 and additional 13 cylinders, respectively.

In FIG. 3 shows the superposition of the contours of the main 16 and additional 17 sickle windows (see also Figs. 4 and 5) on the channels 14 and 15 of the cylinder blocks 5 and 9, leading to the working chambers formed by the main 12 and additional 13 cylinders and their pistons 18 and 19 respectively, FIG. 1. It is clearly seen here, FIG. 3 that the outlet channels 14 and 15, drilled in the cylinder blocks 5 and 9, have diameters approximately equal to the width of the corresponding through sickle-shaped windows.

In the distribution disk 6, FIG. 4 and 5 (see also Fig. 3), in addition to the main 16 and additional 17 through sickle-shaped windows, slots 20 and 21 are made, communicating the main 16 and additional 17 sickle-shaped windows to each other. Said crescent through windows 16 and 17 are separated by main 22 and additional 23 jumpers, slots 20 and 21 are in communication with openings 24 and 25 for supplying and discharging the working fluid to the hydraulic machine.

In the housing 1 of the axial-piston hydraulic machine there are inclined washers 10 and 11 of the first and second pumping units of the hydraulic machine, respectively, which are capable of changing the angle of inclination φ (the same for each of them). For this, the inclined washers 10 and 11 have a mechanical connection 26 between each other through the regulator 27 of the angle of inclination φ, made in the form of a one-way hydraulic cylinder with a return spring.

To reduce contact forces, the main 18 and additional 19 pistons have shoes 28 and 29 rolled on their spherical heads, resting on the surfaces of the inclined washers 10 and 11.

Axial piston hydraulic machine operates as follows.

When the shaft 2 and the cylinder blocks 5 and 9 rotate, the rotation of which is transmitted by the slots 3, the main and additional pistons 18 and 19 reciprocate.

In the first half-turn of each of the cylinder block 5 and 9, the said pistons, moving out of their working chambers under the action of the springs, suck the working fluid from the suction line through the hole 25 and the slot 21 of the common distribution disk 6, through through sickle-shaped windows 16 and 17, made generally distribution disk 6 and through branch channels 14 and 15 into their working chambers, filling them.

In the second half-turn of each of blocks 5 and 9, the said pistons, passing through the upper jumpers 22 and 23, FIG. 3 and 4, cutting off the suction line from the discharge line, displace the working fluid from their working chambers to the discharge line through the above-mentioned drain channels 14 and 15, through the sickle-shaped through-holes 16 and 17 through the slot 20 and the hole 24 of the general distribution disk 6.

Further, the main and additional pistons 18 and 19, passing through the lower jumpers 22 and 23, FIG. 3 and 4, cutting off the discharge line from the suction line, again suction the working fluid into their working chambers.

During operation of the hydraulic machine, the shoes 28 and 29 of the main and additional pistons 18 and 19 slide along the surfaces of the inclined washers 10 and 11. Having significant supporting surfaces, these shoes distribute the force from the side of the mentioned pistons to the inclined washers on these surfaces and at the same time lubricate them with the working fluid supplied through the channels inside the pistons 18 and 19 and the channels in the shoes 28 and 29 themselves.

Regulation of the hydraulic machine is as follows. The working fluid from the hydraulic system is supplied to the rod cavity of the regulator 27. If the pressure in the hydraulic system increases, the piston of the regulator 27 moves to the left, compressing the spring. In this case, the angle φ of inclination of the washers 10 and 11 decreases, and after it the working volume, feed and power of the hydraulic machine decreases.

Additional working chambers, placement in the inter-cylinder zones of the main cylinders 12, as in the prototype, increase the working volume of one pumping unit by 33% (RU No. 190213, IPC F 04 B 1/20, published June 24, 2019, bull. 18).

The presence of two pumping units made of unified parts placed in a single housing 1 symmetrically with respect to the common distribution disk 6 and connected by a common shaft with splines 3 of the cylinder blocks 5 and 9, the implementation of the common distribution disk 6 with through main and additional sickle windows 16 and 17, and also the presence of inclined washers 10 and 11, connected by a mechanical link 26, including a regulator of their inclination 27, made in the form of a one-sided hydraulic cylinder and providing regulation of the working volume of the hydrom tires, allows you to additionally double the working volume (feed, power) of the hydraulic machine. At the same time, due to the common distribution disk 6 and the common shaft 2, the longitudinal dimension of the hydraulic machine and its mass increases slightly, which significantly increases the specific power of the hydraulic machine (power related to mass).

Thus, the technical result of the claimed utility model is achieved, which consists in doubling the working volume of the axial piston hydraulic machine with a slight increase in the longitudinal dimension.

Claims (1)

An axial piston hydraulic machine containing an inclined washer, a cylinder block connected to the shaft by splines on one side, the main pistons located in the cylinders of the block, and additional pistons of a smaller diameter placed in additional cylinders of the block made in the inter-cylinder zones of its main cylinders, all pistons are supported by an inclined washer with shoes rolled on the spherical heads of the pistons, and a distribution disk with sickle-shaped windows and jumpers between them, tightly adjacent to the end face of the cylinder block On the other hand, it has additional sickle-shaped windows with jumpers between them, characterized in that the hydraulic machine contains a second cylinder block with the same set of pistons and an inclined washer, the cylinder blocks are located symmetrically with respect to the general distribution disk and fit snugly on it from opposite sides, both cylinder blocks are housed in a single housing and are connected to the common shaft by splines, the common distribution disk is made with through main and additional sickle windows, and the inclined shafts s units are connected mechanical linkage consisting of inclination adjuster formed as a one-sided cylinder with spring return.

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