RU1834978C - Method of engine operation - Google Patents

Abstract

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: a working fluid is supplied from a source to a chamber of variable volume. This volume is varied and the work is performed under constant pressure. Cut off the feed and release the working fluid. After the work is completed, the working fluid is discharged by freely flowing it into another chamber, varying about a volume greater than the volume of the first chamber. In the first chamber, such an expansion of the working fluid is carried out and additional work is done. Then release the working fluid. As a working fluid, steam is used from a boiler or a steam generator under working pressure. The exhaust steam is discharged to a condenser refrigerator. 3 s.p. f-ly, b ill.

Description

The invention relates to energy and can be widely used, mainly in stationary installations of various capacities, in almost all sectors of the national economy.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce fuel consumption.

In order to realize and achieve the goal in the method of engine operation, the release of the working fluid after completing the work is carried out by freely flowing it into another chamber of variable volume, greater than the volume of the first chamber, which performs the full expansion of the working fluid and performing additional work.

In addition, the following examples of the use of the working fluid are possible: vaporous working fluid (GGT) and gaseous working fluid (GDT under working pressure:

- when using the PRT, its release is carried out in the refrigerator-receiver;

- when using GDF, for example, air, its expansion in the second chamber of variable volume is carried out to its rarefied state, and after completing additional work, the GDT is compressed in a larger chamber to the working pressure in the receiver, and when the GDT is released cooling it and returning it to the receiver, providing a closed and isolated cycle of movement of the GDT;

-when expanding the GDT, a portion of the GDT, for example, air from the environment, is supplied externally to the circulation circuit, mainly to a chamber of a larger variable volume.

The indicated sequence of stages of engine operation with various working fluids - ORT or GDT - ensures the achievement of the stated objective of the invention.

Figure 1 and 2 presents a diagram of the operation of the valves, in the installation that implements the proposed method, respectively, with a receiver PRT and using GDT; on the

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Figs. 3 and 4 are diagrams of changes in pressure and volume of the chamber (supra-piston cavity - in this embodiment), respectively, smaller and larger volumes; Fig. 5 is an example of an installation for implementing a method using a PRT, piston version; Fig.6 is an example of an installation for implementing the method using GDT, a piston embodiment,

In the examples of implementation in FIGS. 5 and 6, each of the devices contains a housing 1 with a partition 2 dividing it into two chambers of variable volume — a chamber 3 of a smaller volume VI and a chamber 4 of a larger volume V2, in each of which there are pistons 5 and b. A difference in the working volumes of chambers 3 and 4 is fundamental to the implementation of the method. The implementation of this condition in a constructive embodiment, for example, the use of a piston system, can be carried out in the following ways:

a) if the diameters of the pistons 5 and 6 are equal, the stroke of the piston b should be greater than the stroke of the piston 5.

b) if the strokes of the pistons 5 and 6 are equal, the diameter (area) of the piston 6 must be larger than the diameter (area) of the piston 5 — this option is reflected in FIGS. 5 and 6;

c) a mixed version - in this case, is carried out for each of the pistons 5

and 6 selection of parameters - the stroke of the piston and its diameter.

Pistons 5 and b are connected by connecting rods 7 to a crankshaft 8 on which a flywheel is mounted 9. Valves 10 and 11 are located above the piston 5, and valve 12 is located above the piston 6, for both applications of the working fluid, both PRT and GRT. In the embodiment with PRT, valve 13 is also located above the piston 6, and in the embodiment with GDT there is a normally closed valve 14 for intake of GDT (air) from the atmosphere and a normally closed check valve 15 for discharging GDT.

The operation of the valves 10-13 is provided from the shaft 16 with cams 17-20 acting on the cam followers of the valves 10-13, spring-loaded with springs 21. The rotation of the shaft 16 is synchronized with the rotation of the crankshaft 8 by means of a kinematic transmission 22.

Valve 9 is installed at inlet 23, valves 11 and 12 are in common channel 24, and valves 13 and 15 are at outlet 25, for both uses of the working fluid.

When using the PRT, a condenser-condenser 26 is installed at the output 25. As a source of steam, for example, a steam generator or a boiler using any fuel (not shown in the drawing) having the necessary controls, control and protection connected to input 23 can be used.

When using gas as a working fluid as a source, for example, a receiver 27 can be used, the cavity of which is connected by one of the pipelines 28 (GDT selection) to the inlet 23, and the other pipe 29 (GDT return), on which the refrigerator 30 is installed, - exit 25.

The volume Vp of the receiver 27 should be significantly larger than the volume V3 of the working chamber 3, for stability. In the receiver 27, to ensure the initial operating mode, its charging, a charging nipple 31 is provided with a check valve and a pressure gauge 32 controlling the pressure in its working volume. An overpressure relief valve 33 is also installed on the receiver 27.

The methods of operation of the engines using the PRT and GDT are as follows.

Work begins with the forced start-up of systems implementing the method, which is accomplished either by a drive motor or an electric starter.

Regardless of the working fluid used, the latter is fed into the chamber 3, which is possible with the valve 10 open to this moment; valve 11 must be closed. In both cases, the piston 5 begins to shift from its top dead center (TDC) to the bottom dead center (BDC), as a result of which the crankshaft 8 rotates 180 degrees, i.e. work is being done.

During the movement of the piston 5 from the BDC to the BDC, the piston 6 moves from the BDC to the BDC, acting on the volume, for example, the hydraulic fracturing from the previous cycle, as a result of which, it first compresses.

After the piston reaches 5 NTM (valve 10 closes, immediately after supplying the necessary portion of PRT or GDT and the supply of the working fluid (GDT or GGT) is cut off), the piston 6 approaches its TDC.

After the passage of the BDC, the piston 5 begins to move upward to the TDC, Valves 11 and 12 begin to open and the fluid flows freely, since the piston 6 moves for the entire time of the movement of the piston 5, the volume of the cavity under which is greater than the volume of the cavity of variable volume under the piston 5 .

So, as a result of opening the valves 11 and 12 and the movement of the pistons 5 (for both options) to their TDC, the transition of the PT in the cavity 4 occurs and the action on the pistons 6, the movement of which

from TDC to BDC, additional work is being done. Moreover, in the case of using the PRT, its full expansion occurs, and in the case of using the GDT, it expands to a rarefied state.

As the piston 6 approaches its BDC, a vacuum is created, valve 14 is activated, and a portion of GDT - air arrives to compensate for possible pressure losses in the system.

When the piston 6 moves from the BDC to the TDC, it (in the case of PRT) is released into the refrigerator — condenser 26 through the open valve 13, and in the case of the GDT — compression to a value equal to the working pressure in the receiver 27 and valve 15 opens GDT enters the refrigerator 30, and from it to the receiver 27, i.e. GDT returns to receiver 27 - the GDT cycle has ended.

The technical and economic effect of use consists in saving fuel consumption and simplifying maintenance.

Claims (4)

1. The method of operation of the engine, which consists in supplying a working fluid from a source to a chamber of variable volume, changing this volume and performing work under constant pressure, cutting off the supply and releasing the working fluid, characterized in that, in order to reduce fuel consumption, the exhaust working body after completion of work is carried out by its free flowing into another chamber of variable volume greater than the volume of the first chamber, in which the working fluid is completely expanded and additional work is performed, after which the working fluid is discharged. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that steam is used as a working fluid from the boiler or steam generator under operating pressure, and the exhaust steam is discharged into a refrigerator-condenser. 3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a gaseous working fluid is used, for example air, from a constant pressure source — a receiver, and the gaseous working fluid in the larger chamber is expanded to its rarefied state, and after completing an additional the work compresses the gaseous working fluid in the larger chamber to the pressure in the receiver, and when the gaseous working fluid is released, it is cooled and returned to the receiver, providing a closed cycle of gas movement CSOs working body. 4. The method according to claim 3, with the exception that, when the gaseous working fluid expands, an external portion of the gaseous working fluid, for example, air from the environment, is supplied to the circulation loop, mainly to the chamber more volume.  / / ts-g. IL & Masa} G Ј L- &, L ri Ј Ј /   fff 1, ,  ., G 5 .- --f . -3 G 5 .- --f / 1 7J xx / wxxx XXxx xw