RU182200U1 - RAIL ANCHOR ANCHOR - Google Patents

Abstract

Anchor refers to the nodes of the connection of rails of the rail track with its base or sleepers. The technical result of the utility model is to increase the reliability of the anchor.

A rail fastening anchor, including an upper part having a pair of brackets, at the ends of which support projections are made, and a lower part of the anchor located below the upper part in the form of a straight leg with a support at the end, while a stop collar is made in the connection zone of these parts of the anchor, characterized in that at the end of the support from its lower side there is a semicircular protrusion displaced in the form of an anchor laterally to its front part and to the side from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the straight leg, the working contact surfaces of the thrust shoulder and support x protrusions are located in one horizontal plane, each abutment protrusion is elongated, and the width of each abutment flange is equal to the length of each abutment protrusion.

The length Lв of each protrusion from the end of the corresponding bracket, as well as the width Lб of the shoulder, are in the range from 5 mm to 25 mm.

The axis of symmetry of the semicircular protrusion is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the leg, and the rear surface of the leg is located in the base plane in which the rear wall of the anchor is located.

The axis of symmetry of the semicircular protrusion is located from the edge of the support at a distance of 5 mm to 10 mm, and the lower point of the semicircular protrusion is located at a distance of 120-135 mm from the specified horizontal base plane, while the height of the semicircular protrusion from the end of the support is within 6- 8 mm. The semicircular protrusion is displaced beyond the legs in its bottom view.

Description

The utility model relates to the upper structure of a railway track and is intended for attaching rails to reinforced concrete rail bases, such as sleepers, beams, slabs, blocks and others, as well as for high-speed trunk lines with increased axial loads and high load-bearing strength.

A rail fastening anchor is known from the patent documentation, comprising a shank made of a corner, one shelf of which is a wall, and the second shelf is a support (RU 2228979 C2, 10.27.2003 - with analogues SU 1401095 A1, 06/07/1988. DE 3820243 A1, 08.02 .1990. US 4802623 A, 02/07/1989. US 3428253 A, 02/18/1969).

Known anchor bolt for mounting the rail, containing the head, the support support platform and the shank. The head is made in the form of a semicircle having a certain thickness and is placed on the supporting platform, the upper part of the head is offset in the direction of the platform rail. A hole and a groove for accommodating the elastic clamp are provided on both sides of the axis of the head. Rectangular grooves for receiving the adjusting sleeve are located front and rear in the middle of the head. Rectangular recesses for mounting the regulating sleeve are provided in front, side, facing the support platform under the rail, above the support platform. The distance from the elastic clamp to the head support platform is equal to the thickness of the control sleeve. The lower part of the head is equipped with a supporting platform, which tapers down and goes into a shank, the shank consists of two parallel vertical walls connected by separate rectangular ribs that form transverse side walls, the gaps between which in the plane of the longitudinal section of the shank are provided with through windows of different heights: lower height in the upper part and greater height at the periphery of the shank (WO 2017180080 A1, 10.19.2017).

A fastener device is known comprising a base element that extends horizontally and a pair of terminal holding elements that connect at one end thereof to each end of the base element so as to extend perpendicular to their vertical and horizontal surfaces. A groove formed in the outwardly facing wall of each terminal holding element provides a passage for receiving external terminal branches. The terminal holding elements are spaced relative to each other with the base element in order to limit the opening between them for receiving the internal terminal branches. The protruding inward protrusions located above the opening of the upper part of each terminal holding element serve to limit the movement of the internal branches of the terminal upward, which may occur due to the inclination of the rail when using the terminal. Each passage has an opening at the end of the terminal holding element, which is remote from the base element and is closed by a wall at the other end of the terminal holding element. The fastening device is attached to the concrete foundation of the rail with a rod so that it protrudes from its base (WO 9312294 A1, 06.24.1993).

Known rail fastening anchor having a shank walled into the sleeper, a wall restricting lateral movement of the rail, a hook for attaching an elastic terminal, pressing the rail against the sleeper, and support on the sleeper. The anchor is made of a corner, one shelf of which is a wall, and the second is a support, and the shank is made of the middle part of the second shelf, cut near the edge and bent in the direction from the first shelf (UA 49368 C2, 09.16.2002).

It is known an anchor device for holding a rail fastening terminal, wherein the design of the above device provides for casting concrete sleepers and contains a head and a rod, while the rod extends downward from the lower side of the head of the device for embedding into concrete sleepers, and the head contains two spaced apart connectable walls configured to place between them the portion of the terminal rail fastening to be held, while the surface for contact with the terminals supported by the above walls form means for interacting with the terminal and holding such a rail fastener terminal in a working position in which the terminal rests on the rail, while no other area of the device is designed to contact the rail fastener terminal and none of the above surfaces for contact with the device terminal cannot be seen when the anchor device is in the working position, in which the lower side of the head is facing down when viewed from the anchor device with top down towards the top of the head. All of the above surfaces for contact with the terminal of the device can be seen when looking at the lower side of the anchor device from the bottom of the rod when it is in the above working position (RU 159985 U1, 02.27.2016, RU 2269613 C2, 02.10.2006; RU 2434986 C2, 11/27/2011).

Known means for fastening the rail to the railroad tie, comprising an anchor assembly fixed in the railroad tie with a head bounded in the upper protruding part of the surface of a given profile and provided with lateral channels for fixing the ends of the elastic terminal in contact with the rail sole through the insulator, characterized in that the surface of the protruding upper part of the head is made in the form of two adjacent planes with different angles of inclination relative to the horizontal plane, and the plane closest to the bottom of the rail is made low yaschey and adjacent to it - uplink (RU 2235159 C2, 27.08.2004).

A fixing device for holding the terminal is known, comprising means for positioning the terminal, characterized in that said means include a base element and a couple of terminal elements connected thereto, extending upward, spaced relative to each other to form an opening and made with guide passages, guide passages are formed on the respective outer surfaces of the terminal holding elements. Each of the guide passes is made in the form of a groove formed in the side wall of the corresponding terminal holding element. Each of the terminal holding elements is made with an inwardly protruding portion extending above said opening. The arch of each of the said guide passage is made with a downward inclined part extending along it in the direction from its opening. The specified basic element supports the terminal when it is in the position before assembly inside the device. The lateral outer surfaces of the terminal holding elements are interconnected by a base element in part of their lengths. Connected to the base element are adjacent end parts holding the terminal of the elements (RU 2125626 C1, 01/27/1999).

Known rail fastening anchor, comprising a shank embedded in the sleeper, a wall restricting lateral movement of the rail, a hook for attaching a spring terminal pressing the rail to the sleeper, and a support on the sleeper, characterized in that it is made of a corner, one shelf of which is a wall, and the second support, and the shank is made of the middle part of the second shelf, notched at the edge and bent in the direction of removal from the first shelf RU 2228979 C2,27.10.2003). This patent-based anchor rail fastening does not provide a sufficiently reliable positioning of the anchor in the tooling for the manufacture of reinforced concrete sleepers in the process of its manufacture.

Rail fastening anchors are also known, each of which contains an upper part for installing an elastic terminal of two brackets, and a lower part in the form of an I-beam, fixed in a rail support, while on the rail side at the junction of the upper and lower parts there is a stop collar, and with on the opposite side, support ledges are made at the ends of the brackets, and the I-leg in cross section is elongated along the rail support (RU 2293810 C1, 02.20.2005. RU 2116397 C1, 07.27.1998. RU 109456 U1, 10.20.2011).

Close in technical essence to the utility model presented in this description is a rail fastening anchor, including an upper part for installing an elastic terminal made of two brackets, and a lower part in the form of an I-beam, fixed in a rail support - a reinforced concrete sleeper by monoling it (RU 109465U1, 10/20/2011).

The disadvantages of the rail fastening anchor according to the patent RU 109465 U1 are the poor positioning of the anchor in the equipment for the manufacture of sleepers, which leads to leakage of concrete between the anchor and the equipment, as well as the insufficient strength of its connection with the array of sleepers, since the axis symmetry of the anchor there are moments of force aimed at tearing the anchor out of the sleepers. There is also increased wear on the top of each bracket.

Similar disadvantages have an anchor rail fastening according to patent RU 116504 U1, in which the disadvantages are partially eliminated. This rail fastening anchor includes an upper part for installing an elastic terminal made of two brackets, and a lower part in the form of an I-beam fixed in a rail support, while on the rail side at the transition point of the upper and lower parts a stop collar is made, and on the opposite side, support ledges are made at the ends of the brackets, and the I-leg in cross section is elongated along the rail support (RU 116504 U1, 05.27.2012 - prototype).

In the prototype, the problem of increasing the reliability of positioning the anchor in a snap during the manufacturing of reinforced concrete sleepers together with the anchor is solved. Positioning improves the strength of the anchor to the tie. As a result, the possibility of the appearance of moments of force aimed at tearing the anchor out of the sleepers during the operation of the anchor is reduced. The above-described design of the anchor also made it possible to exclude damage to the equipment during the manufacture of sleepers in it.

However, as practice has shown, the anchor according to the patent RU 116504 U1 has a design that does not sufficiently allow the anchor to be held in the concrete sleepers, which is associated with the geometry of the anchor elements and their relative position relative to each other. Also, during the formation of sleepers during its casting in a snap, the anchor works in contact with the anchor seal, which serves to prevent the flow of concrete. In this case, the anchor works with the anchor cap, through which the anchor is fixed in the sleeper socket during the production of sleepers. Considering the fact that the anchor cap is a composite material that allows forces of at least 0.7 kgf to be exerted on the cap, as practice shows, when molding the sleepers on the forming line and tightening the clamping device manually, frequent breaks in the caps occur during concrete compaction vibrating table. At the same time, it is not possible to trace and prevent these processes and as a result, the sleepers are often subject to culling or contain hidden defects. The design of the anchor, presented in the prototype, does not provide the ability to prevent damage to the seal and changes in its geometry, which leads to distortion of the anchor during the formation of the sleepers, reduce the strength of the connection between the anchor and the sleepers and reduce the reliability of the anchor in operation.

It was found that the width of the shoulder from the rear wall of the anchor to the outside, and the length of each supporting protrusion of the anchor is insufficient, which leads to a concentration of stresses on the protrusions and shoulder and a decrease in the reliability of the anchor.

The common features of the prototype and the anchor presented in this description are those signs that characterize rail fasteners in that each of them includes an upper part having a pair of brackets, at the ends of which support projections are made, and the lower part of the anchor located below the upper part in the form of a straight line legs with support at the end, while in the zone of connection of the indicated parts of the anchor, a thrust shoulder is made.

The technical result presented in this description of the utility model is to increase the reliability of the anchor.

The technical result is obtained by a rail fastening anchor, including the upper part having a pair of brackets, at the ends of which support projections are made, and the lower part of the anchor located below the upper part in the form of a straight leg with a support at the end, while a stop shoulder is made in the connection zone of these parts of the anchor moreover, at the end of the support from its lower side a semicircular protrusion is made, offset to its front part and away from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the straight leg, the working contact surfaces of the thrust shoulder and supporting ystupov disposed in the same horizontal plane.

The width of each stop shoulder is equal to the length of each support ledge.

The length Lв of each protrusion from the end of the corresponding bracket, as well as the width Lб of the shoulder, are in the range from 5 mm to 25 mm.

The axis of symmetry of the semicircular protrusion is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the leg, and the rear surface of the leg is located in the base plane in which the rear wall of the anchor is located.

The axis of symmetry of the semicircular protrusion is located from the edge of the support at a distance of 5 mm to 10 mm, and the lower point of the semicircular protrusion is located at a distance of 120-135 mm from the specified horizontal base plane, while the height of the semicircular protrusion from the end of the support is within 6- 8 mm. The semicircular protrusion is displaced beyond the legs in its bottom view.

The design of the anchor is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a rail fastener anchor, side view.

In FIG. 2 - anchor, front view.

In FIG. 3 - anchor, top view.

In FIG. 4 is a view A in FIG. 1 (increased).

In FIG. 5 is a section BB in FIG. one.

In FIG. 6 is a section BB of FIG. one.

In FIG. 7 is a dimensional diagram of an anchor in a side view.

In FIG. 8 - dimensional diagram of the anchor in the rear view.

The rail fastening anchor comprises an upper part 1 located in the working position of the anchor above the rail base, which may be a concrete sleeper, a concrete support slab or a continuous concrete railroad track. The upper part 1 of the anchor is designed to install an elastic rail fastening terminal with an anchor in it, while the upper part 1 of the anchor includes two brackets 2 symmetrically located relative to the longitudinal axis of the anchor (Fig. 2) Below the brackets is the lower part 3 of the anchor, made in the form of legs 4 having in the side view (Fig. 2) the shape of an I-beam. The foot in the working position of the anchor is concreted in a rail base (not shown).

In the zone 5 of the transition of the upper part 1 to the lower part 3, a stop shoulder 6 is made, and on the opposite side from the shoulder 6 at the ends of the brackets 2, support projections 7 are made (Fig. 1, 2). Each protrusion has a horizontal platform 8, which is located at the same level with the root part of the inclined platform 9 of the thrust shoulder 6. The rest of each inclined platform 9 is inclined to the base horizontal plane 10 (Fig. 7) at an angle a equal to within 2-10 ° . The horizontal part of the platform 8 is in the plane 10.

The lower part of the anchor extends downward from the base horizontal plane 10 of the anchor, and the pair of brackets 2 extends to the sides of the vertical axis of symmetry 11 of the anchor (Fig. 4). Also, the root part of the thrust shoulder 6 (Fig. 7) is located in the base plane 12 of the anchor, and the leg 4 of the anchor is located below the support protrusions 7.

Each supporting protrusion 7 (Fig. 1) is made elongated and its length Lb is in the range from 5 mm to 25 mm from the end face 13 of the bracket 2. The stop shoulder 6, located on the opposite side from the protrusions 7, is made wider and its width Lb is equal to the length of each protrusion 7 and is also in the range from 5 mm to 25 mm from the rear wall 14 of the anchor (Fig. 3). In this case, the rear anchor is made continuous, it connects the brackets 2 (Fig. 3) and is made integral with them.

The leg at the bottom has a support 15 (heel), on the end of which a semicircular protrusion 16 is made, shifted to the lower outer side of the support 15. The protrusion 16 is also offset to the front side of the anchor from the longitudinal axis of the leg and the central part of the support. The semicircular protrusion is displaced beyond the legs in the form of an anchor from below.

An anchor on each of its lateral sides (Fig. 8) is limited by the base plane 17. The axis of symmetry 18 (Fig. 1) of the protrusion 16 is offset relative to the axis of symmetry of the support 15 and is parallel to the outer plane of the upper part of the leg (Fig. 7). The outer surface of the upper part of the legs 4 (Fig. 7) is located in the base plane 12.

The axis of symmetry 18 of the semicircular protrusion 16 is located from the edge of the support 15 at a distance of 5-10 mm (Fig. 7), and the extreme lower point of the semicircular protrusion 16 is located at a distance of 120-135 mm from the specified horizontal plane 10. The height of the semicircular protrusion 16 from the end of the support 15 is in the range of 6-8 mm The semicircular protrusion 16 in one embodiment of the anchor is integral with the support 15, and in another embodiment of the anchor, the protrusion 16 is removable and fixed to the end of the support 15 by any known means of connection.

An anchor is made as follows. Install the seal in the sleeper formwork socket, and then install the anchor in the seal so that it is pressed in the formwork tool by the force acting on the semicircular protrusion 16 towards the protrusion 15. This eliminates the bias of the anchor from the design position in which it is placed in the sleeper rests on the metal edges of the sleepers with support projections 7 and a persistent shoulder 6 (Fig. 3). This ensures accurate fixation of the anchor in the sleeper socket of the formwork and minimizes the risk of rejection of the sleepers.

After the manufacture of the sleepers with the anchors monolithic in it, the sleepers are connected in a known manner with the rails and each anchor occupies the working position shown in FIG. 1. From the wheels of the rolling stock, alternating loads are transferred to the rails, under-rail base (sleepers) and anchors, and each anchor experiences the efforts of pressing it to the base, separation from the base and shear forces relative to the base. Moreover, the accuracy of positioning the anchor in its working position allows it to absorb the arising loads within the specified design limits, which increases the reliability of the anchor. The protrusion on the base increases the contact area of the base of the anchor with the sleepers and reduces stress concentration in the material of the sleepers. The elongation of the protrusions and the broadening of the shoulder, the equality of their lengths and widths made it possible to balance the moments of forces acting on the anchor within the specified limits when they receive loads from the pressure of the clamping terminal and other loads.

A straight anchor leg fixed in the sleeper, preferably mounted on the inclined surface of the sleeper, at the moment of peak loads allows the load to be redistributed so that a horizontal component of the load is formed along the sleeper due to the resultant force, which reduces the dangerous load values aimed at breaking the connection between the anchor and the sleeper. With long-term operation of the anchor, this has a significant impact on the reliability of its operation and traffic safety. Also, due to the centering of the anchor by means of the protrusion and its location, a decrease in internal stresses in concrete is achieved.

Claims (6)

1. An anchor rail fastening, including the upper part, having a pair of brackets, at the ends of which are made support ledges, and located below the upper part, the lower part of the anchor in the form of a straight leg with a support at the end, while in the connection zone of these parts of the anchor there is a stop collar, characterized in that at the end of the support of the straight leg from its lower side a semicircular protrusion is made, offset to its front and to the side from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the straight leg, and the working contact surfaces of the thrust shoulder and supporting tupov disposed in the same horizontal plane. 2. Anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of each thrust shoulder is equal to the length of each supporting ledge. 3. An anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the length Lb of each protrusion from the end face of the corresponding bracket, as well as the width Lb of the shoulder, are in the range from 5 mm to 25 mm. 4. Anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of symmetry of the semicircular protrusion is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the leg, and the rear surface of the leg is located in the base plane in which the rear wall of the anchor is located. 5. Anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of symmetry of the semicircular protrusion is located from the edge of the support at a distance of 5 mm to 10 mm, and the lower point of the semicircular protrusion is located at a distance of 120-135 mm from the specified horizontal base plane, this height of the semicircular protrusion from the end of the support is in the range of 6-8 mm 6. Anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the semicircular protrusion is displaced beyond the legs in its bottom view.

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