RU1819138C - Method of treatment of nonspecific bronchopneumonia in calves - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in veterinary medicine. The essence of the invention: for non-specific bronchopneumonia of calves, furazol idone, which is dissolved in propylene glycol, is used as a therapeutic drug, inhalation is carried out at a dose of 4-6 μg / kg combined with oxecillin at a dose of 14-16 mg / kg and vitamin C during 9 to 11 mg / kg of animal body weight once a day for 6-8 days.

Description

The invention relates to veterinary aerosol therapy and can be used to treat calf bronchopneumonia under conditions of industrial animal husbandry; in medical sanitary points and complexes; in therapeutic clinics of universities and technical schools.

The aim of the invention is to increase therapeutic efficacy, reduce material costs in the treatment of nonspecific bronchopneumonia of the body

This object is achieved in that in the proposed method for the treatment of non-specific bronchopneumonia of calves, furazolidone at a dose of 4-6 mg / kg in combination with semisynthetic penicillin, for example, oxacillin at a dose of 14-16 kg / mg and a stimulating substance, are used as chemotherapeutic agents. non-specific reactions of an immune nature - with vitamin C during 9-11 mg / kg of animal body weight. As a dispersant improver, prolongator and to reduce the irritating effect of drugs

aerosols on the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract use a 30% propylene glycol solution, and inhalation is carried out in an aerosol chamber (drugs are sprayed in the chamber three times with an interval of 20 minutes for 5 minutes) for 60 minutes, once a day, 6 to 8 days.

An analysis of the comparison of the proposed method with the prototype showed the following general characteristics:

- aerosols of antibacterial agents are used in combination with substances that stimulate nonspecific reactions of the immune nature of the animal organism and an dispersion improver;

- an antibiotic is used as an antibacterial agent;

- exposure inhalation for an hour.

Features:

- furazolidone aerosols dissolved in propylene glycol in a dose are used as chemotherapeutic agents

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4-6 mg / kg in combination with oxacillin at a dose of 14-16 mg / kg and a substance stimulating non-specific reactions of the animal’s immune system - vitamin C at a dose of 9-11 mgDg body weight, once a day, 6-8 days.

The method is carried out as follows: before carrying out inhalation treatment in an aerosol chamber with a volume of b m, the equipment is prepared for operation. For work, they use a compressor of the СО-7А grade and a jet aerosol generator SAG-1 with a productivity of 50 -. 80 ml per minute.

The preparation of a solution of medicinal substances is carried out as follows: warm distilled water is poured into a separate glass dish in which the calculated total amount of oxacillin is dissolved at a rate of 14-16 mg / kg and vitamin C-9-11 mg / kg of animal body weight, then these solutions add propylene glycol in an amount of 30% of their volume, mix and pour into the first glass of a spray aerosol generator (SAG-1). A solution of furazolidone is poured into another glass, which is prepared as follows: propylene glycol in an amount of 30% of the total volume is brought to a boil and made alkaline with a small amount of chemically pure sodium hydroxide. Then, the calculated total dose of furazolidone at a rate of 4-6 mg / kg body weight of the animals is mixed in this propylene glycol until it is completely dissolved and distilled water is carefully added in an amount of 70% of their total volume. The calculation of the total dose of drugs is carried out according to the formula.

To inactivate residual oxacillin erosols, a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution is prepared at the rate of 50 ml / m3 chamber. Then SAG-1 is tightly closed and fixed in the center of the ceiling of the aerosol chamber, where there is a dense rubber hose connecting SAG-1 with the air duct system and the CO-7A compressor. After the chamber is filled with bodies, it is hermetically closed and the compressor is turned on. The working air pressure in the air duct system should be 3.4 - 4.5 atmospheres, which ensures the production of highly dispersed aerosols of medicinal substances. Observations of animal behavior and visual assessment of aerosol density are conducted through a window in the doors. In the chamber, during inhalation, the light is on. Next to the erosol chamber, a faucet is located on the air duct system, which can be accessed by

compressed air in SAG-1 located in the chamber. Within 5 minutes there is an intensive filling of the chamber volume of furazolidone aerosols in combination with

oxacillin and vitamin C. Then, the tap blocks the access of compressed air to the SAG-1 jet aerosol generator, and spraying is repeated every 20 minutes for 5 minutes. Stay time

Tel t in the aerosol chamber for 60 minutes. By fractional spraying of aerosols of the preparation, the following is achieved:

1. A uniform aerosol content of the preparation over 60 minutes, which allows the animals to receive a calculated dose of the preparation;

2. A higher degree of dispersion of aerosols, which favors the penetration of the drug into deeper parts of the lungs;

3. Reducing the loss coefficient by reducing sedimentation and longer exposure of the drug aerosol chamber to air.

After the end of therapeutic inhalation, a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution is sprayed in the aerosol chamber using the PEG-3 electroaerosol generator for this purpose. The drug is sprayed for 5 minutes, which

ensures its rapid deposition (due to the positive charge obtained by aerosol particles of a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution) and inactivation.

The course of treatment is an average of 7

days, one inhalation per day. Conducting therapeutic inhalation once a day leads to lower costs for drugs and electricity, and also reduces labor costs. Two people can handle the movement of calves from the box into the aerosol chamber, spending 10 to 12. With a given volume of the aerosol chamber 6 m, during the working day it can be inhaled

treatment of up to 50 sick animals.

A dose of furazolidone 4-6 mg / kg and oxacillin 14-16 mg / kg of animal body weight are optimal, since the therapeutic concentration of these chemotherapeutic agents remains in the blood for 24 hours, while lower doses of these drugs are removed from the body earlier. It should be borne in mind that the concentration of the drug in the lung tissue is several times higher than in circulating blood; therefore, the total concentration of furazolidone and oxacillin 0.29 ± 0.12 - 0.41 ± 0.10 µg / ml in the blood is therapeutic.

An increase in the dose of furazolidone above b mg / kg, and oxacilline 16 mg / kg not only leads to cost overruns and treatment costs, but can also have a negative effect on factors of non-specific resistance of the animal organism and the organism as a whole.

The use of a complex of medicinal substances implies that combined chemotherapy has been predominant over the past decade. Until recently, rational chemotherapy meant the use of a single antimicrobial agent that specifically acts on a specific type of microorganism, which in recent years has often developed a clinical situation that requires the use of bactericidal active substances with a fairly wide spectrum of antibacterial action, which is most likely to be achieved with the simultaneous use of not one, but several drugs.

One of the criteria for determining the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs is their effect on the formation of the body's immune responses. Furazolidone increases the indices of cellular natural resistance by 10 - 21%, the absorption activity of RES increases by 40 - 52%. Repeated administration of furazolidone to vaccinated animals increases post-vaccination immunity.

In addition, furazolidone has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity, including most pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, as well as their antibiotic-resistant forms, many protozoa and chlamydia, and even some large viruses. It does not cause hemolysis in the presence of pus, blood, urine and decay products of dead tissue, its activity does not change. The action of furazolidone is not bacteriostatic, as in many antibiotics, but more valuable for therapy - bactericidal. Furazolidone is characterized by low toxicity and weak allergenic activity, it is available and much cheaper than various antibiotics. There are data that track the dynamics over 4 years of the formation of resistance of staphylococcal strains to furazolidone and tetracycline. If no stable strain was formed for furazolidone, then for tetracycline, from 1.9% in the first year to 19.8% in the fourth year of its use.

The problem of finding new methods and means of treating respiratory diseases is currently associated with an increase in the frequency of isolation of resistant 5 strains of microorganisms to the most commonly used antibiotics. So with bronchopneumonia, benzylpenicillin is most often used. However, from 15 to 40% of animals with bronchopneumonia have staphylococci producing penicillinase; therefore, penicillin does not give the desired therapeutic effect. Based on the foregoing, 5 s, semisynthetic penicillins, in particular oxacillin, are very promising in this regard. which inhibit the growth and development of penicillinase-producing staphylococci. A comparative study of oxacillin showed that in

In relation to these staphylococci, the drug is almost 700 times more active than penicillin. Resistance to oxacillin develops slowly, and the drug acts bactericidal on the bacterial cell. The drug has low toxicity and is acid resistant. In addition, propylene glycol in an aerosol state also has a bacteriostatic effect.

To date, quite a few facts have accumulated indicating the inhibitory effect of various chemotherapeutic agents on the body's immune reactivity. The use of these drugs often disrupts the activity

5 macrophages and leads to changes in the intracellular enzyme systems of micro- and macrophages, as well as a decrease in the activity of humoral factors of nonspecific resistance

0 and the proliferation of immunocompetent cells slows down. It should not be forgotten that in patients with bronchopneumonia, homeostasis is impaired and the activity of most factors of the body’s non-specific resistance is inhibited. These disorders normalize somewhat later than the disappearance of the clinical signs of the disease. Therefore, in order to increase the body's inumoreactivity, speed up the healing process and ensure the best therapeutic effect, the combined administration of chemotherapeutic agents and substances stimulating non-specific factors is necessary

5 resistance of the animal organism. As such a substance, we chose water-soluble vitamin C at a dose of 9-11 mg / kg. Ascorbic acid plays a very important role in the life of the body. Thanks to the presence of dienol in its molecule

a group that is easily oxidized by a double group, it has an exceptional redox ability. Thus, the dienol group of ascorbic acid actually determines not only the most important chemical, but also biological properties of vitamin C, namely, its participation in a very important life process - cellular respiration. Numerous studies have proved that vitamin C is also involved in the regulation of carbohydrate and protein metabolism, enhances phagocytosis, positively affects blood coagulation and tissue regeneration, normalizes capillary permeability, and stimulates the production of steroid hormones; reduces the negative effect on the morphological composition of the blood, the complement content and the phagocytic activity of neutrophils caused by chemotherapeutic agents. Ascorbic acid promotes the formation of immune bodies - their number is 100 times higher if immunization is carried out when the body is saturated with vitamin C.

As a result of our studies, it was found that the inhaled treatment complex causes an increase in vitamin C from 0.15 ± 0.01 to 0.36 - 0.02 mg% (P 0.01), the phagocytic activity of neutrophils from 8.0 ± 1.16 up to 76.67 ± 1.94% (P 0.001), phagocytic number from 0.08 ± 0.28 to 5.63 ± 0.55 (P 0.01), phagocytic index from 4.33 ± 4.57 to 7.3 ± 0.89 (P 0.05). bactericidal activity of blood serum from 38.90 ± 2.96 to 54.14 ± 3.97% (P 0.05).

The high efficiency of the complex of drugs used can be explained not only by the fact that the use of several, with a different spectrum of antimicrobial action of chemotherapeutic agents significantly expands the range of their bacteriological, and often bactericidal action, but also because these drugs introduced into the respiratory system, are in direct contact with pathogenic microflora, and at very high concentrations, which leads to a rapid relief of the pathological process. In addition, vitamin C administered by aerosol helps to eliminate the negative phenomena that occur during the course of illness and the treatment, thereby speeding up the healing process and eliminating relapse of the disease.

PRI me R 1. A calf in the amount of 5 heads of red steppe breed, average weight 56 kg, owned by the state farm Novo-Omsk Omsk district of the Omsk region, were admitted to the therapeutic clinic of the veterinary institute with a diagnosis of acute bronchopneumonia. The diagnosis was set to

based on clinical, morpho-immunobiological and roentgenological studies. The course of treatment was prescribed: inhalation of a complex of drugs - furazolidone at a dose of 4 mg / kg, oxacillin at a dose of 14 mg / kg and vitamin C at a dose of 9 mg / kg of animal body weight in a 30% propylene glycol solution. The above complex of medicinal substances was administered once a day, in an aerosol chamber with a volume of 6 m3, for 60 minutes. Spraying of drugs was carried out in the aerosol chamber three times with an interval of 20 minutes for 5 minutes. The course of treatment was 8 days, and recovery came from 100% of sick animals.

PRI me R 2. Bodies there in the amount of 12 heads of red steppe breed, with an average weight of 52 kg, belonging to the state farm Novo-Omsk Omsk district of the Omsk region, patients with acute bronchopneumonia (the diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical, morpho-immunobiochemical and radiological studies) selected according to the principle of analogues and under the same conditions of feeding, care and maintenance, a course of treatment with furazolidone aerosols at a dose of 5 mg / kg in combination with oxacillin at a dose of 15 mg / kg and

vitamin C at a dose of 10 mg / kg body weight of animals with 30% propylene glycol solution. Inhalation of the drug complex was carried out in the livestock complex once a day for 60

minutes (spraying of the drug complex was carried out three times with an interval of 20 minutes for 5 minutes), in a chamber of 6 m3. The course of treatment was 7 days, and recovery occurred in 100% of patients

animals.

PRI me R 3. Bodies there in the amount of 13 heads of red steppe breed, average weight 55 kg, belonging to the state farm Novo-Omsk Omsk district of the Omsk region, patients with acute bronchopneumonia (the diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical, morpho-immunobiological and radiological studies) , selected according to the principle of analogues and under the same conditions of feeding, care and maintenance, a course of treatment with aerosols of furazolidone at a dose of 6 mg / kg in combination with oxacillin at a dose of 16 mg / kg and vitamin C at a dose of 11 mg / kg of weight was prescribed body

animals, in a 30% propylene glycol solution. Inhalation of the drug complex was carried out in the livestock complex once a day for 60 minutes (the drugs were sprayed three times with an interval of 20 minutes for 5 minutes), in a chamber with a volume of b m. The course of treatment was 6 days, and recovery occurred in 100% of sick animals.

In all three examples, residual aerosols of oxacillin were inactivated with a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution at the rate of 50 ml / m3 chamber.

The clinical material we collected showed the high efficiency of the proposed group treatment regimen for calves of patients with bronchopneumonia using

a complex of medicinal substances - furazolidone, oxacillin, vitamin C, used in the form of aerosols. So the course of aerosotherapy was 7 days, medical

100% efficiency.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method of treating nonspecific bronchopneumonia of calves, comprising inhalation of a medicament, characterized in that. in order to increase the efficiency of the method, furazolidone is used as a drug, which is dissolved in propylene glycol, inhalation is carried out at a dose of 4-6 mg / kg in combination with oxacillin at a dose of 14-16 mg / kg and vitamin C at a dose of 9-11 mg / kg of animal body weight once a day for 6-8 days.