RU1794197C - Method and device for cleaning exhaust gases of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: automotive industry, diesel exhaust gas cleaning. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: A method for purifying exhaust gases involves wet purification of gases from soot, carbon oxides, nitrogen, and hydrocarbon on a filter element made of Rashig rings made of composite material — natural sludge and coke. Activated water having a high sorption capacity is supplied to the filter element. Water is activated in a high voltage electric field. The exhaust gas purification device is additionally equipped with a fan installed after the silencer, a housing with filter elements for contact cleaning, an electrolyzer for activating water, and is also equipped with a pump with a tank for circulating and supplying activated water to the first filter element. 3 s.p. f-ly, 1 ill .. h

Description

The invention relates to the automobile industry, in particular to the purification of diesel exhaust gases.

There is a known method for purifying exhaust gases when these gases enter a scrubber with water, expand, cool, mix with water through an ejector and are released into the atmosphere after cyclone separation.

A gas cleaning device is also known comprising a sealed container in the exhaust pipe of an engine which is filled with ceramic granules.

The main disadvantage of the above method and device is that the absorption capacity of water in the gas components of the exhaust gases is limited, therefore, the degree of purification

basins of water is small enough, and at the same time there is a problem of neutralization of contact water, which leads to additional costs and complicates the design of the device

The dry gas filter for dry filtration and oxidation of exhaust gases has a high hydraulic resistance, which reduces the effective power of the engine. In addition, a secondary release of deposited soot and mechanical impurities is possible.

A known method of purification of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine by passing them through an activated carbon filter, in particular coke, and then passing it through the loose nozzle before release into the atmosphere.

Ch Yu Ј

h VJ

With

A known method and device from ed. No. 1320467. cl. F 01 N 3/04, 1985, The method consists in treating the exhaust gases with an aqueous solution that is supplied to the filter element and the gases passing through two filter elements and then releasing them into the atmosphere.

A device for implementing the described method comprises a housing with inlet, outlet and drain pipes and two filter elements, as well as a supply tube with spray holes connected to a source of aqueous solution.

The known method and device do not provide high efficiency exhaust gas purification. These solutions are adopted for the prototype.

The purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency.

The goal is achieved in that a method of purification of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine by producing an aqueous solution; feeding it to the first filter element made in the form of Rashig rings from natural sludge with coke, sequentially passing gases through the first and second filter elements and releasing them into the atmosphere, wherein the aqueous solution is obtained by adding electrolyte to the water, electrolyzing the water and isolating the alkaline base, the aqueous solution being fed before passing the spent x gases. As the electrolyte, aluminum sulfate or sodium chloride is used to coagulate and precipitate salts, while the soot contained in the exhaust gases is used to absorb their toxic components.

An exhaust gas purification device comprising a housing with inlet, outlet and drain pipes and first and second filter elements and a supply pipe with spray holes connected to a source of an aqueous solution, further comprises a fan, an electrolyzer with supply and discharge pipes , a pump installed in the supply pipe, and a bypass pipe. The fan is mounted on the inlet pipe and is in communication with the engine, the electrolyzer is connected through the outlet and supply pipes to the source of the aqueous solution, and through the bypass pipe Sv is connected to the inlet pipe located between the filter elements with the possibility of feeding into the last aqueous solution and the housing is connected through a drain pipe to a source of an aqueous solution. The first

the filter element is made in the form of Raschig rings from natural sludge with coke, and the second in the form of a droplet-free loose nozzle. When passing exhaust gas

through an activated carbon filter, in particular coke, toxic components are adsorbed in micropores of coke, where their concentration reaches a higher content than in the feed gas. By

as the maximum concentration of toxic gas components in the coke pores is reached, its absorption capacity decreases. To restore the absorption capacity of the sorbent, it is necessary or

5 reduce the concentration of gas components in the micropores of the sorbent or remove adsorbed gases, which is achieved by regeneration by blowing the sorbent with hot steam or by washing in a special solvent. In addition, activated: carbon, in particular coke, is a reducing agent, and therefore, in its medium, carbon monoxide CO is oxidized to carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxide N0 to dioxide

5 nitrogen N02, which, when combined with water, forms nitric and nitrous acids, which cause significant environmental damage.

In liquid fuel combustion products

0 sulfur is present which leads to the formation of sulfuric and sulfuric acids in the atmosphere. Thus, existing methods for purifying exhaust gases, reducing the concentration of its individual components, for example, СО, soot, enhance the toxic effect of other components, such as NO, SQ2, and require periodic regeneration of nozzles, which complicates the design of the device and operating conditions.

0, in the proposed method and apparatus for purifying exhaust gases, they are cleaned in a wet manner. Activated water, the wetting surface of the micropores, is fed to the microporous nozzle,

5 a, the gas in the pores dissolves in this water, which is constantly washed off.

Thus, the absorption capacity of the sorbent is practically not reduced. At the same time, nitrogen and sulfur dioxide actively combine with water and are not released into the atmosphere. The resulting acids are neutralized with activated water. When activating water in an electric field. high voltage and water withdrawal from the negative electrode, its alkalinity in terms of pH increases from 6 to 13-14, therefore, the acid formed with it is neutralized by alkaline water, which eliminates the need for chemical neutralizers. The water circulating in the exhaust gas purification system transfers the soot contained therein to the surface of the nozzle, which increases the adsorption capacity of the device. The cell is made in such a way that the water passing through it is divided into two streams, a positively charged stream (from the cathode) is supplied to the nozzle, and a negatively charged stream is returned to the drain tank.

The nozzle of the first filter is made of composite material, sludge and coke in the form of Raschig rings. Ceramic rings, the so-called Raschig rings, which are used to increase the contact surface of two media, are widely used in the chemical industry and energy. Rashig rings are hollow sleeves in which the ratio of outer diameter to height is 0.8-1.0. The shape of the rings provides a relatively small hydraulic resistance at a maximum contact surface per unit volume.

The difference between the proposed Rashig rings from the known ones is that they are made. They are made of composite materials-sludge with coke. This combination of macro- and microporous material was found by experimental selection. The criterion for selecting the material was the comparative degree of purification of exhaust gases and the stability of the adsorption capacity of the nozzle, i.e. the recoverability of the nozzle as a result of washing off the pores of the nozzle with activated water, as well as its chemical and heat resistance.

. The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a device for treating exhaust gases.

The exhaust gas purification device comprises a fan 1 installed after the silencer, a housing 2 with an inlet pipe 3. Inside the device, the first and second filter elements 4, 5 are placed, the element 5 is connected to an exhaust pipe b, at the end of which an ejector 7 is installed. Activated water is supplied to the element 4 by a pump 8 through an electrolyzer 9 through an overflow pipe with a supply pipe 11 with spray holes. Water from the filter 4 flows into the drip tray of the device 2, combined by a drain pipe 12 with a water tank 13. The tank 13 is equipped with a mouth 14 for filling water and inlet and outlet pipes 15 and 16. The pipe 15 serves to connect the tank 13 to the pump 8, and the pipe 16 to connect to the electrolyzer 9 in a separate stream. The cell 9 contains two nozzles 17 and 18, placed one in

friend. A semipermeable membrane 19 is installed on the perforated surface of the inner pipe 17. Electrodes 20 and 21 are installed inside each pipe. A nozzle 22 is mounted on the 5 external pipe 18 for draining the water. The electrodes 20 and 21 of the electrolyzer 9 are supplied with voltage from a power supply unit containing a chopper 23, an induction coil 24, a rectifier

0 25 and voltage regulator 26.

The principle of operation of the device is as follows.

The exhaust gases after the muffler are supplied by the fan 1 to the housing 2 through

5 pipe 3. Gases passing through element 4 moistened with activated water are cleaned of solid inclusions and soot, as well as of the toxic components CO, CH, which are adsorbed by the packing material, finely porous coke with sludge and water.

At the same time, the temperature of the exhaust gases decreases, which causes condensation of moisture. The purified gas after element 4 is passed through element 5 dl

5 to separate the moisture and through the nozzle 6 and the ejector 7 are released into the atmosphere.

The ejector 7 serves to create a discharge in the housing 2 when driving a car. Water to the element 4 is supplied by a pump 8 from

0 of the tank 13 through the electrolyzer 9 and the bypass pipe 10c under the supply tube 11. Water passing through the electrolyzer 9 is activated as a result of the formation of dipoles and flow orientation. In the cell

5, activated water is divided into two streams. The stream from the cathode is supplied to the filter element 4, and the stream from the anode is returned to the tank 13 through line 16. Activated water supplied

0 to the filter element 4, flows into the pan and together with the soot enters the tank 13, and from there it is taken by the pump 8 and fed through the electrolyzer 9. To the filter element 4.

5 Thus, water is circulated, which transfers the separated soot from the sump to element 4. At the same time, not only water but also soot is activated. torus is a good adsorbent.

0 Water is activated in the electrolyzer 9 when a voltage of 16-18 kV is applied to the electrodes 20 and 21. Under the influence of the electrostatic field, dipoles of molecules are formed, which under the action of the same field

5 acquire a certain orientation. At the same time, the dissociation of water molecules occurs. At the cathode, the alkaline base of the water groups, and at the anode, the acid. The latter is discharged from the electrolyzer through the nozzle 22. The alkaline base of the water, wetting the nozzle, absorbs soot, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, hydrocarbon aldehydes, which are then removed by water from the treatment zone. In this case, the formed acids are neutralized by the alkaline base of the water, and the salts are precipitated in the sump of the device by the electrolyte of aluminum sulfate or sodium chloride, previously added to the water of the tank 13.

The chopper 23 is used when the power source is DC to obtain a high voltage in the induction coil 24. In the case where the power source is AC, the breaker is no longer needed, Rectifier 25 is used to obtain a constant voltage. high current voltage. The voltage regulator 26 sets the optimal voltage value depending on the molecular impurity composition of water.

An example embodiment of the method, with respect to the Rab-Man diesel engine from the Ikarus bus.

Before starting the engine, fill the tank 13 with water and add an electrolyte (aluminum sulfate solution) in an amount of 1 mg / l. The centrifugal fan 1 and the pump 8 of the device are turned on. The voltage is applied to the electrodes 20 and 21 of the electrolyzer 9, the voltage 26 kV is set by the regulator 26. In this way, element A is wetted with activated water and purged with air from fan 1. Start the engine. The exhaust gases after the silencer are sucked up by the fan 1 and pumped into the device 2, in which the passage sectional area in the treatment zone is by an order of magnitude larger than the cross-sectional area of the pipe at the outlet. silencer, therefore, the exhaust gas flow rate in device 2 is by order of magnitude lower than that at the silencer outlet — about 1 m / s. Exhaust gases enter a wetted element made of composite material of sludge and coke in the form of Rashig rings. When gases come into contact with a wet filter element, their temperature decreases from 350 to 40-45 ° C. The toxic components of the gas of carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and hydrocarbon are adsorbed by the packing material. In its micropores, these components dissolve in the activated water film. When these components are dissolved, acids and salts are formed, which are washed off by the incoming water from the surface of element 4 into the device sump. Dissolved salts under action. By electrolyte, they coagulate and precipitate. On the lower surface of element 4, fine soot particles are deposited together with

benzoapyrene condensed above it. The adsorbed soot is washed off with water and discharged into the sump of the device 2, from there it is taken away by the pump 8 and fed through the electrolyzer 9 to the element 4, on which the soot layer, which is a good adsorbent of toxic gas components and their reducing agent, gradually accumulates. Purified Exhaust Pass

through a second filter element, which is at the same time a droplet separator, where small particles of moisture are separated and held and released into the atmosphere.

When water passes through the electrolyzer 9 in the high-voltage electric field, oriented dipoles of water molecules are formed. In the case of unlike electrodes, the orientation of the dipoles is opposite. The cathode formed

water dipoles have an alkaline characteristic, and at the anode - acidic.

So, at an electric current voltage of 16–20 kV, the cathode alkalinity index is 12–13 units, while the alkalinity index in the source water is 6 units. With an increase in the electric current voltage above 20 kV, a noticeable increase in the alkalinity of water is not observed, and with a decrease in the voltage below 16 kV, the alkalinity

activated water is reduced to 10 units. Oriented water dipoles from the cathode are fed to element 4, and water dipoles from the anode are discharged into tank 13. Oriented water dipoles from the cathode have a high sorption ability to gases, which is almost an order of magnitude higher than untreated water. Activated water, wetting the pores of the nozzle, actively absorbs adsorbed gases, 02, СО, О, СН, which are dissociation-.

they are decomposed in a film of water, oxidized to form an acid. The latter are neutralized by the alkaline base i of activated water, as a result of which it produces insoluble salts precipitated by electrolyte in

device tray.

As soot accumulates on element 4 and its hydraulic resistance increases to 1200 Pa, at which it starts

the useful engine power decreases, which corresponds to a car mileage of 700-1000 km, the device 2 is opened, soot and separately settled salts are removed, and the nozzle is washed. After that, the device is assembled, water is poured into the tank 13 and the operation of the treatment device continues.

The resulting high-quality carbon black can be used as a raw material for dyes, in the rubber industry, etc.

Claims (3)

The claims 1. The method of purification of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine by producing an aqueous solution, feeding it to the first filter element, sequentially passing the exhaust gases through the first and second filter elements and discharging them into the atmosphere, excluding and in order to increase the efficiency, an aqueous solution is obtained by adding an electrolyte to the water, electrolyzing the water and isolating an alkaline base, and the aqueous solution is supplied before passing the exhaust gases. 2. The method according to p. 1. about t and h and yu and with the fact that as the electrolyte use aluminum sulfate or sodium chloride. 3. A device for treating exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing with inlet, outlet and drain pipes and first and second filter elements and a supply pipe with saw holes connected to a source of an aqueous solution, characterized in that, with. In order to increase efficiency, it additionally contains a fan, an electrolyzer with inlet and outlet pipes, a pump installed in the inlet pipe, and a bypass pipe, a fan is installed on the inlet pipe and is connected to the engine by a key electrolyzer through the outlet and supply pipe pipelines to the source of the aqueous solution, and through the bypass pipe connected to the inlet pipe located between the filter elements with the possibility of supplying the aqueous solution to the last, the body through the drain tubing in communication with a source of aqueous rastvyura. A, The device according to claim 3, with the fact that the first filter element is made in the form of Rashig rings from natural sludge with coke, 5. The device according to claims 3 and 4, with the fact that the second filter element is made in the form of a droplet-separating loose nozzle.