RU1789195C - Device for testing critical frequency of flicker mergence - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: medicine for determining the criteria for the fatigue of the visual analyzer, monitoring optimization of the eye condition during physiotherapeutic and drug exposure, color and light reflection studies. SUBSTANCE: device comprises several autonomous patient panels, including each light source, a control panel and a pulse generator, connected via a switching unit with common units for setting examination, processing and indication modes. The supply of control panels included in autonomous patient pulps and including frequency control units, autonomous shapers of brightness and color with appropriate connections between the elements and units of the device and the use of a survey mode adjuster common to all autonomous patient panels allows simultaneous examination of several subjects under identical, discretely changing modes with sequential processing, indication and recording of the results of examination of individual subjects, which makes it possible to vary the conditions of the examinations with a high throughput of the device, 4 ill. ate with

Description

The invention relates to medical equipment, namely, equipment used in ophthalmology, neurology, psychiatry, and can be used to determine the criterion of fatigue of the visual analyzer, to control optimization of the state of the eye under physiotherapeutic and medication effects on an outpatient basis, color research - and light perception, as well as for conducting research in the neuropsychiatric plane,

A device for measuring the critical frequency of flicker fusion, comprising a code-frequency converter, a pulse shaper, a light source,

connected in series, as well as a control panel, a testee's panel, a reversible counter and a recorder.

A disadvantage of the device is limited diagnostic capabilities, in particular, the impossibility of simultaneously examining both eyes of a patient to determine the level of interhemispheric asymmetry of the brain by measuring the ratio of CSFM to the left and right eyes, which is an important diagnostic characteristic of the functional state of the central nervous system.

A device is also known for examining the critical frequency of low and low

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Kanye, adopted for the prototype. This device comprises a first pulse generator connected to a light source through a control panel, a processing unit and an indication unit. In order to increase the accuracy of determining the level of interhemispheric asymmetry of the brain by changing the ratio of critical flicker frequencies for the left and right eyes, a second pulse generator is introduced into it, which is connected to the light source through the second input of the control panel, and the processing unit is made in series connected frequency divider, control trigger, AND element and counter. In this case, the second, third and fourth outputs of the control panel are connected, respectively, to the first input of the frequency divider, the second input of the And element, and to the installation inputs of the frequency divider, control trigger, and counter.

Thanks to the implementation of the device with two pulse generators, it is possible to obtain a quantitative assessment of interhemispheric asymmetry by measuring and comparing the difference in the CESM for the left and right eyes of the patient

However, this device does not allow: firstly, to conduct studies on the express expression of patients with color analogs, as well as to study color perception in detail based on the measurement of CPSM at different colors and brightnesses of the light source, which is important an indicator when conducting some ophthalmological and neurological studies; secondly, to conduct studies based on the measurement of CFSM to determine the ability to perceive various gradations of brightness of a light source, which is an important characteristic of the functional activity of the entire visual apparatus.

Since the study of color and light sensations is of great diagnostic value for various pathological conditions of the body as a whole and of the visual analyzer in particular, professional selection of individuals for work in different light conditions, etc., the diagnostic capabilities of this device are also limited . In addition, there is no possibility of efficient use of the device during mass examinations of large groups of patients, because the device allows research on only one of the two available measurement channels, and the procedure for searching for CESF in individual patients can take a long time.

The aim of the invention is to expand diagnostic capabilities in mass screening.

This goal is achieved at the same time using as part of the device several autonomous identical patient panels, including each light source, control panel and pulse generator, connected through a common

0 they are a switching unit with common units for setting up examination, processing and indication modes for autonomous patient desks, as well as supplying a control panel including a control unit,

5 including a frequency control unit, brightness and color drivers, and corresponding communications between the units and elements of the device.

The compliance of the claimed technical solution with the criterion of significant differences is determined by the fact that the features that differ from the prototype of the claimed invention give it new properties, namely, the possibility of varying 5 conditions of the examination while simultaneously searching for CFSM under identical conditions by several patients, with alternating (according to the doctor’s request) by processing, indicating and recording the results of examination of individual subjects.

1, a functional block diagram of a device is shown; Fig. 2 is an example embodiment of a patient console; in Fig. 5, a block diagram of a doctor's console; Fig. 4 is a timing diagram of the control and actuator signals.

The device comprises a light source 1 connected to a pulse generator 2 through a control panel 3, which are structurally integrated into the patient panel 4. The control panel 3 includes a shaper 6, a frequency control unit 7 connected to the first input-output of the pulse generator 2, the second output of which is connected to the second input of the control panel 3, which is one of the inputs of the shaper 6, and two others shaper input 6 brightness form

0 third and fifth inputs of the control panel 3. The output of the brightness driver 6 together with the outputs of the color driver 5 forms a three-bit output of the control panel 3 connected to the input of the light source 1,

5 and the two-bit input of the color driver 5 forms the fourth input of the control panel 3.

The device contains several identical autonomous remotes of 4 patients. Identical inputs of standalone remote controls 4

of the patient are combined and connected to the first, second and third outputs of the general doctor’s console 8 for all of them, which includes a switching unit 9, the first, second and third outputs of which are the corresponding outputs of the doctor’s console 8, and the fourth multi-bit input is bit-connected to the third outputs of the generators 2 corresponding autonomous remote controls 4 of the patient. The first or third inputs of the switching unit 9 are connected to the inspection mode setting unit 10, and the processing unit 11 and the indication unit 12 connected in series are connected to the fourth and fifth outputs of the switching unit 9, respectively, the fourth output of the examination mode setting unit 10 connected to the third input of the display unit 12.

The light source 1 is designed to generate light pulses of different frequency, brightness and color and can be performed, for example, using a light emitting diode (see FIG. 2) with a controlled color of the type VLS 331A luminescence, switched on according to the current mixing circuit, which makes it possible to obtain due to this, different color shades with a spectral composition between the spectra of red and green colors (e.g. yellow, orange, etc.).

The pulse generator 2 is designed to generate a pulse train in self-oscillating mode with a pulse repetition rate controlled in the range from 10,240 Hz to 61440 Hz, with a frequency divider, for example, on a K561IE16 chip, providing a frequency reduction of 1024 times to a range from 10 to 60 Hz, at the second output of the generator 2 pulses. The pulse generator 2 can be performed according to the known scheme.

The control panel 3 provides the generation of control signals for the color and brightness of the light source 1 according to the doctor’s instructions (from the unit 10 for specifying examination modes) and the control of the frequency of light pulses carried out by the test subject through the frequency control unit 7. For this, a color former 5, a brightness former 6 and a frequency control unit 7 are included in the control unit 3;

Stand-alone remote control 4 of the patient is designed to form examination modes, present light signals to the patient and enable the patient to search for a critical frequency of fusion flicker. A stand-alone patient panel 4 can be structurally designed, for example, in the form of a tube inside which an electronic circuit is located, at one end there is a light source, at the other end there is a cable outlet for connection to a doctor's panel 8, and on the case an actuator for controlling the variable resistance of the frequency control unit 7.

The color driver 5 can be performed, for example, on two elements of the K561PU4 microcircuit connected to the light source 1 according to the above-mentioned current mixing circuit. When you turn on the first element, the light source 1 generates red light signals, when you turn on the second element - green, when both are turned on - yellow.

A shaper 6 is designed to generate control signals for the burning brightness of the light source 1 according to the principle of limiting the current supplying the light source 1. Shaper 6 brightness can be implemented on the basis of a decimal counter-divider, the outputs of which are bitwise connected to a set of AND elements, the second inputs of which are combined and form the input of the shaper 6 brightness (second input of the control panel 3), associated with the output of the pulse generator 2 ( from the output of the frequency divider). The output of the shaper 6 brightness is formed by the combined outputs of the resistors (see figure 2), bitwise through the matching elements connected to the outputs of the corresponding elements And, and the other two inputs of the shaper 6 brightness (the third and fifth inputs of the remote control 3) are formed, respectively, counting input and reset input of the divider counter.

The frequency control unit 7, made in the form of a variable resistance connected to the pulse generator 2 as shown in Fig. 2, is designed to directly affect the operation of the pulse generator 2 by the patient himself in order to search for CFCF.

The doctor’s console 8 is designed to simultaneously set identical conditions (modes) for examining patients, in particular, the color and brightness of light pulses (stimuli), to all autonomous patient 4 panels and to selectively (at the doctor’s request) a frequency measurement corresponding to the critical frequency of flickering, in the selected sequence of 2 pulses from the third output of the corresponding pulse generator 4 of the patient.

Block 9 switching provides simultaneous connection of all remotes 4 of the patient to the outputs of block 10 of the task

examination modes and selective switching of the outputs of the autonomous panels 4 of the patient to the inputs of the processing unit 11 and the indicating unit 12. The switching unit 9 can be implemented, for example, according to the circuit shown in Fig. H, and include buffer amplifiers, for example, elements of the K561PU4 chip, a set of 13 push-button switches, a circuit 14 of RS triggers, a single vibrator 15, a circuit 16 of logic elements N-NOT, logic element 17, diode 18. The input of one of the buffer amplifiers forms the first, and the other two, the second input of the switching unit U, connected 5 to the unit 10 for specifying survey modes. The outputs of the buffer amplifiers form the first and second outputs of the switching unit 9, connected, respectively, to the shaper 6 brightness and the shaper 5 colors. The third output of the switching unit 9 is also connected to the shaper of brightness, which is connected to the third input of this block. The push-button switches in set 13 are numbered in accordance with the numbers of the autonomous remotes 4 of the patient. Moreover, the first contacts of each of the switches of the button set 13 are connected and connected to the plus of the power supply, and the second ones are connected to the corresponding installation inputs S of the RS flip-flops of circuit 14. The circuit 14, consisting of a set of RS-flip-flops, is based on the K561TP2 chip. the outputs of which form the multi-bit fifth output of the switching unit 9, connected to the indicating unit 12, and are also connected to the inputs of the single-vibrator 15 and to the first inputs of the AND-NOT elements of the circuit 16. The single-vibrator 15 can be made, for example, in the form of differential RC circuits with several input capacitances connected to the corresponding outputs of the RS-flip-flops of circuit 14, The output of a single-shot 15 is connected to the combined reset inputs R of the set of RS-flip-flops of circuit 14, as well as to the third input of the switching unit 9 through diode 18 as shown in Fig. 3 . Scheme 16 consists of a set of elements N-NOT bitwise connected by the first inputs to the outputs of the RS flip-flops of circuit 14, and the second inputs of the elements of NAND circuit 16 form a multi-bit fourth input of the switching unit 9, bitwise connected with the third outputs of the generators 2 corresponding remotes of 4 patients. The outputs of AND-NOT elements of circuit 16 are connected to the inputs of AND gate 17, for example, a chip K176L1, the output of which is the fourth output of switching unit 9, connected to processing unit 11.

Fig. 3 shows a diagram of a switching unit 9 for connecting eight autonomous patient remotes 4. If necessary, a circuit of the switching unit 9 can be implemented, which allows connecting a larger number of autonomous patient remotes 4 due to a corresponding increase in the number of push-button switches in set 13, RS triggers,

0 included in circuit 14, input capacitances of a single-vibrator 15, AND-NOT elements of circuit 16, as well as logical elements AND 17.

The unit 10 for setting examination modes of 4 patients is intended for controlling

5 by the doctor under the conditions of the examination and consists of a color setting unit, including a push-button COLOR switch, moreover, the first contact of the switch is connected to the plus of the power source, and the second to the clock input of the binary counter, for example, K561IE10, the first two output bits of which form the second output of the block 10 sets the survey modes, and the third output bit

5 is connected to the reset input R of this binary counter. Block 10 also includes a brightness setting unit, consisting of a button BRIGHTNESS switch, the first contact of which is connected to the plus of the power source,

0 and the second is connected to the clock input of the decimal counter, for example, K561IE8, and forms the first output of block 10, The output bits of the decimal counter form the fourth output of block 10 together with

5 by the first two bits of the binary counter. In addition, block 10 includes a push-button RESET switch, the first contact of which is connected to the plus of the power source, and the second is connected to the reset inputs

0 R of the binary and decimal counters and forms the third output of the survey mode setting unit 10 connected to the third input of the switching unit 9.

Processing unit 11 is designed to

5 determining the value of the frequency coming through the switching unit 9 from the generator 2 of one of the patient’s autonomous remote controls 4 selected by the doctor, and can be performed according to the known scheme.

0 Indication unit 12 is intended for indication and registration of parameters of a given examination mode: color and brightness of light pulses, number of an autonomous remote control 4 of the patient currently connected to the doctor 8 remote control, and the measured indicator - frequency in Hz recorded in this autonomous remote 4 patients at a time when the light impulses presented to the patient are perceived by them as continuous light emission (sensation). The display unit 12 can be performed using known circuitry on digital and single LED indicators.

A device for examining the critical frequency of flicker fusion operates as follows.

Before the test, each subject receives an autonomous remote control 4 of the patient, and the doctor identifies the name of the patient with the number of his remote control. In order to clarify the principles of the examination and to learn how to use the patient’s console, patients are instructed in the use and training search of the CFSM values by observing the light signals generated by the light source 1, the repetition rate of which is changed by the patient himself using the actuator variable resistance block 7.

After carrying out these preliminary measures aimed at introducing patients to the device, the process of research of CFSM begins directly, which, depending on the diagnostic orientation, depth and degree of detail of the study of CFSM, can be carried out using various methods and programs selected or compiled by the physician himself , from the most complex (measuring CFSM with different, together or separately changing colors and brightness of a light source) to the simplest - rapid examinations (measuring CFS only when any one color and luminance of light source). The doctor presses the button RESET button located in the block 10 setting examination modes, which leads to the initialization of the entire device.

The reset signal is received:

- to the reset inputs R located in the mode setting unit 10, a binary counter K561IE10, generating color setting signals, and a decimal counter K561IE8, generating signals for indicating brightness;

- through the third input of the switching unit 9 and then through the diode 18 to the reset inputs R of the RS-trigger circuit 14;

- through the third input and the third output of the switching unit 9 to the reset inputs R of the decimal counters K561IE8 located in the shaper of brightness 6.

The result of the RESET signal is (see Fig. AAA) zeroing of the input bits of the above counters and triggers, which leads to complete damping of the brightness and color of the light sources 1, as well as to blocking by the switching unit 9 of the processing unit 11 from pulses from the generator 2 pulses.

Then, the doctor, choosing one or another examination technique, establishes some initial examination mode (all subsequent changes can be carried out similarly as described below).

The required level of brightness is set by one or more pressing a button by the doctor on the button, the BRIGHTNESS of the mode setting block 10. The first of these presses, as shown in Fig. 4E, generates a signal that hits the counting input T of the K561IE8 chip of unit 10 and sets a high voltage level in its first output bit. The same signal is fed to the buffer amplifier of the switching unit 9 through its first input and then amplified through the first output of the switching unit 9 to the counting inputs of T decimal counters of the formers of brightness for all autonomous control panels 4 of the patient, setting a high level of voltage on their first output bits (Fig. 4.P1), which in turn opens the first of the set of AND elements, thus realizing the connection of the shaper of brightness 6 with the light source 1 through a maximum resistor. Subsequent pressings of the switch on the key BRIGHTNESS (Fig. 4.E, 4.P1 ... P7) increase the output current of the brightness driver 6 (FIG) supplying the light source 1 due to the inclusion of the next from the set of output resistors of the driver 6 brightness with lower resistance and, accordingly, increase the brightness of the luminescence of the light source 1.

The desired color is set by one or more pressing the button, the COLOR button located in the unit 10 for specifying the survey modes. The first of these presses, as shown in Fig. 4, B, generates a signal that enters the counting input T of the K561IE10 chip of block 10 and sets a high voltage level in its first output bit (see Fig. 4C), the second pressing the COLOR switch sets the high voltage level in the second output bit (Fig. 4.0), the third press sets the high voltage level in both the first and second output bits (Figs. 4C and 4.D), the fourth pressing causes a color reset (low voltage across all output bits),

the fifth press again sets the high voltage level in the first output bit, etc. The output signals from the binary counter K561IE10 of the unit 10 for specifying the examination modes are supplied to the second input of the switching unit 9 and, after preliminary amplification therein, through the second output of the switching unit 9 to the color shapers 5 of all autonomous remotes 4 of the patient. The color shaper 5, consisting of two buffer amplifiers K561PU4, provides the necessary level of signal power, the connection of which to the corresponding inputs of the light source 1 can provide a red, green or yellow color of the glow. Moreover, yellow color is provided by mixing red and green, i.e. when both buffer amplifiers of the 5 color driver have a high voltage output.

The output signals from the binary and decimal counters of the unit 10 for specifying the examination modes are also sent to the third input of the indicating unit 12, where the specified brightness and color of the light sources 1 of the autonomous panels 4 of the patient are fixed.

After setting the color and brightness of the light sources 1, patients are asked to find the CESF value for these conditions, corresponding to the moment of the blinking light pulses transitioning to a constant glow with increasing frequency from lower values to large ones, or the moment of occurrence of light pulses - with decreasing frequency from the values, obviously large values of CFSM, Each patient observes the light source 1 and at the same time with the help of the control unit 7 changes the frequency of the pulses generated by the generator 2 (Fig.4.C) until CFFF that finding the value, and then inform the doctor. The frequency set by the position of the variable resistance slider of the control unit 7, reduced by the frequency divider, passes through the second output of the generator 2 to the shaper 6 to the second inputs of the set of element And and, passing through the one that is currently involved, is modulated in amplitude (Fig. .4.N) the corresponding output resistor, providing a given level of brightness of the light source 1. At the same time, the desired frequency through the third output of the generator 2 is supplied to the fourth input of the switching unit 9.

The interrogation of the generators 2 of the autonomous remote controls 4 of the patient is carried out by the doctor as information is received from patients about the end of the search for CFSM, for which

by pressing one of the push-button dial switches 13 of the switching unit 9 with a number corresponding to the number of the stand-alone remote control 4 of the patient being interviewed,

the doctor connects this remote control 4 of the patient to the processing units 11 and indication 12.

When you press the corresponding button switch from set 13 of switching unit 9, the RS-trigger of circuit 14 connected to it is installed (the output voltage is high) and all other previously installed RS-triggers are reset via the one-shot 15 circuit 14. Moreover, the receipt of the reset signal from the output of the one-shot 15 to the third input of the switching unit 9 is blocked by the diode 18. From the output of the activated RS-flip-flop circuit 14, a high level voltage is transmitted to the first input

0 of the corresponding element from the set of elements of the NAND circuit 16 and opens it to transmit the frequency from the third output of the generator 2 of the corresponding stand-alone console 4 of the patient to the corresponding input

5 logic element and 17, having n inputs (according to the number of autonomous remotes 4 of the patient) and one output from which the frequency set by the patient using the variable resistance of the frequency control unit 7 enters the processing unit 11, where the pulse train according to known circuit solutions m is converted to binary code, decryption, indication and registration of which is also known

5 circuits are implemented in the display unit 12. At the same time, in the block 12 from the fifth output of the switching unit 9, information is received identifying the affiliation of the recorded data in frequency to that or

0 to another, currently connected, stand-alone console 4 of the patient, and from the fourth output of block 10, data on the examination mode (brightness, color, common to all consoles 4).

5 Similarly, the CESM measurement can be made for any of the connected stand-alone remotes of 4 patients, as well as for any color (red, green, yellow) and brightness (7 gradations) of sources

0 light 1 according to a medical program selected by a doctor aimed at diagnosing a particular disease. In addition, using paired autonomous remotes of 4 patients, it is possible to obtain quantitative

5 estimates of hemispheric asymmetry by measuring and comparing the difference in CSFM for the patient's left and right eyes.

Thus, the proposed solution provides an extension of the diagnostic capabilities of the device for research

CSFM by obtaining a more complete picture of the functional state of the visual analyzer and central nervous system, because it is possible to examine the patient with different colors and brightnesses of the light source, which increases the information content of the measured CFSM indicator, allows research to diagnose diseases of the visual analyzer associated with impaired color and light perception, as well as diseases of a neuropsychiatric nature.

Clinical tests of a device for the study of CSFM confirmed wider diagnostic capabilities compared to the prototype (from the group of examined patients were identified with red and green monochromatism, with primary open-angle glaucoma, with cerebrosthenic and asthenic syndromes, neurosises, i.e., diseases that could not be detected using the prototype device). The claimed device also provides a significant increase in the throughput of the device for the study of CFSM, since at the same time, an almost unlimited number of patients can be examined, which is a determining factor in the use of the device as a diagnostic device for mass examinations of the population. The results of the clinical operation of the device showed that, for example, it takes 5-10 minutes to examine a group of patients of 8 people, depending on the depth and detail of the study, which corresponds to the time of examination of one patient on a device for the study of CSFM selected as a prototype.

Claims (1)

The claims A device for studying the critical flicker fusion frequency, comprising a pulse generator connected to a light source through a control panel, which includes a frequency control unit connected to a first input / output of a pulse generator, and also a processing unit and an indication unit connected in series, characterized in that that, in order to expand diagnostic capabilities during mass examinations, it is equipped with a switching unit, the first and fifth outputs of which are connected respectively to the third and fifth inputs ulta control, input processing unit and the second input of the indication unit and the observation by the mode setting unit, which outputs are coupled to inputs of the first to third switching unit and the third input blo As an indication, the control panel is equipped with a brightness driver, the inputs of which form the second and fifth inputs of the control panel connected to the second output of the pulse generator, and a color driver, the input of which is the fourth input of the control panel, and the outputs together with the output of the brightness driver form a three-bit output of the control panel connected to a light source, the device comprising several identical autonomous patient panels, including each light source, a panel controls and a pulse generator, the identical inputs of which are combined and connected to the common outputs of the switching unit, the bits of the multi-bit fourth input of which are connected to the third outputs of the pulse generators of their corresponding autonomous patient panels. i i. ill P L.JLlJ tCZIIZ CZ K56we8 "SHU J K561NE1BG4--1- I ---- tr ı /, „J y I P / g / -144Z3- -CH v3 Figure 1 fM f- ---- P ---------- If - - | 2/3. S G7G1 wJTgUjt nim I L I (-ADM-1 d, -L i liSPiJ J 3 i f - and j Yug J