RU178374U1 - INSTALLATION FOR THE CREATION OF THE HUMUS LAYER IN THE ENTRANCE BANDS OF TREES, IN GARDENS, ON TERRACES AND GALLERY LANDS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular, to plants used to mechanize gardening, and can be used for mowing vegetation between rows and loosening the soil in tree trunks to accelerate the creation of a humus layer. The technical result of the proposed utility model is to increase fertility soil, improving the quality indicators of mulching grass vegetation, increasing plant productivity and reducing knife breakage. The essence of the proposed utility model is as follows. The installation includes three sections of the working bodies, each section of the working bodies made in the form of a metal cylinder, inside of which a vertical shaft is mounted with the possibility of rotation in a vertical plane, in the upper part of which a pulley is rigidly attached, and in the lower part of the chopper is rigidly mounted with flexible knives with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane at a speed of 80 ... 95 m / s, while the chopper is made of metal cloth on a length of 62 cm, a thickness of 0.08 cm, having the shape of a truncated rhombus, on the edges of which flexible knives made of conveyor belt are rigidly attached. The active cultivator is made in the form of a vertical shaft, in the lower part of which a mill made rigidly attached A U-shaped knife, and a driven sprocket is rigidly mounted in the upper part, while the vertical shaft is mounted in bearing bearings with the possibility of rotation in a vertical plane counterclockwise with a frequency of 400 min, and the bearing housings The bearings are attached to the bracket, which is rigidly fixed to the transverse beam by means of fasteners. The drive mechanism of the working bodies is made in the form of a gearbox, providing an output shaft rotation frequency of 2100 min, while a drive pulley and a drive sprocket are connected in series to the gearbox output shaft, which are connected with driven pulleys of the working bodies and driven asterisk of the active cultivator by means of V-belt and chain gears, and the input shaft of the gearbox is connected to the tractor PTO by means of ardan shaft.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular to plants used to mechanize gardening, and can be used for mowing vegetation between rows and loosening soil in near-tree strips of trees to accelerate the creation of a humus layer.

State of the art

Mulching is an agrotechnical method of removing grass vegetation with the formation of grass peel, inhibiting weed germination, protecting the soil surface from moisture evaporation and creating conditions for the development of microbiological processes in the soil.

The greatest effect of mulching vegetation in horticultural conditions is achieved with the use of mowing devices. This is due to their main advantage: the exception of the death of soil microorganisms, which occurs when using tillage machines and implements.

The use of mowing devices for the purpose of mulching vegetation allows the fullest possible implementation of the sod-humus soil maintenance system in gardens, aimed at preserving and increasing the natural fertility of the soil.

Currently, the urgent issue is the accelerated creation of a humus layer in the near-trunk strip of young trees, improving the water and food regime of fruit trees on the escarpment of terraces and pebble lands.

There are various designs of mower-grinders used in horticulture for the processing of row-spacings: KIU-2A; KRS-2.5S; KDS-1,2; KR-2.5; Cattle-1,5-3; IKS-1.5A, KIS-1.5 [1].

The disadvantages of the known mower-shredders include the relatively low rotational speed of the rotary working body (540 ... 840 min ^-1 ), insufficient grinding of grass vegetation, the inability to transport the shredded mass to the tree trunks, frequent knife breakage.

Known mower-chopper, comprising a housing, supporting skis, a hinged device, a support wheel and a drive, on the output vertical shaft of which there is a beam with knives pivotally fixed at the ends, while the side walls of the housing are equipped with elevators-guides made in the form of vertical fingers with brackets fastenings and bent forward and downward beyond the supporting plane of the ski tips [2].

The disadvantage of this mower-grinder is its low productivity, the inability to transport shredded mass to near-tree strips of trees, and frequent knife failures.

The closest in technical and achieved positive effect and accepted by the authors for the prototype is a machine for snapping row spacing of perennial plantings when tinned, consisting of a frame, working sections, bevel gear, interchangeable gear block, disk slit shears, cardan and chain gears, guide casing, support wheels, support wheels , attachment and drive from tractor PTO [3].

The disadvantages of the known machine for sowing row-spacing of perennial plantations when tinned include the cutting of narrow slots with laying the soil in and above the slit, the inability to grind and transport the multimaterial into tree trunks, and not the possibility of use on pebble lands.

To accelerate the creation of a humus layer in the near-tree strips of young trees in gardens on terraces and pebble lands, it is necessary to develop an installation consisting of a mower-grinder and a cultivator of active action, which make it possible to qualitatively perform several interrelated technological operations: mulching grass vegetation, transportation, laying and mixing of mulch material with soil in near-tree strips of young trees.

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the utility model is the accelerated creation of a humus layer in the trunks of young trees in orchards on terraces and pebble lands by simultaneously mulching the grass vegetation between the rows, transporting, stacking, and mixing the mulch material with soil in the trunks of young trees.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to increase soil fertility, improve the quality indicators of mulching grass vegetation, increase productivity and reduce knife breakage.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the installation contains a frame, three sections of the working bodies, V-belt and chain drives, belt and chain tension mechanisms, an active cultivator, a drive mechanism from the tractor PTO, an attachment and support skis.

The essence of the proposed utility model is as follows.

The proposed design includes three sections of the working bodies, each section of the working bodies being made in the form of a metal cylinder, inside of which a vertical shaft is mounted with the possibility of rotation in a vertical plane, in the upper part of which a pulley is rigidly attached, and a chopper is rigidly mounted in its lower part with flexible knives with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane at a speed of 80 ... 95 m / s, while the chopper is made of a metal sheet 62 cm long, 0.08 cm thick, having the shape of a mustache ennogo rhombus on the edges of which are fixedly attached flexible knives manufactured from the conveyor belt.

The active cultivator is made in the form of a vertical shaft, in the lower part of which a milling cutter made in the form of a flat U-shaped knife is rigidly attached, and a driven sprocket is rigidly installed in the upper part, while the vertical shaft is mounted in bearing bearings with the possibility of rotation in a vertical plane against clockwise with a frequency of 400 min ^-1 , and the bearing housing is attached to the bracket, which is rigidly fixed to the transverse beam by means of fasteners.

The drive mechanism of the working bodies is made in the form of a gearbox, providing a rotation frequency of the output shaft of 2100 min ^-1 , while a drive pulley and a drive sprocket are connected to the output shaft of the gearbox in series, which are connected to driven pulleys of the working bodies and driven active starter of the cultivator by means of V-belts and chain gears, and the input shaft of the gearbox is connected to the tractor PTO via a cardan shaft.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a top view of the installation for creating a humus layer in the trunks of trees in gardens on terraces and pebble lands, in FIG. 2 shows a view of the working body, in FIG. 3 shows a view of an active cultivator.

Utility Model Implementation

Depicted in FIG. 1 installation for creating a humus layer in tree trunks in gardens on terraces and pebble lands consists of a frame made of two parallel supporting beams 1 longitudinally spaced 80 cm from each other, to the rear of which a transverse beam 2 is welded and parallel to it on a distance of 80 cm perpendicular to the supporting beams 1 transverse beams 3, 4 and 5 are welded. Longitudinal 1 and transverse beams 2, 3, 4 and 5 are made of metal pipes with a square section of 80 × 80 mm. The ends of the transverse beams 2, 3 and 5 are welded to the struts 6, which are rigidly attached to the skis 7. The upper parts of the ends of the transverse beams 2, 3, 5 and the sides of the risers 6 are rigidly interconnected by a metal casing (not shown in Fig.). Between the transverse beams 2, 3 and 5, parallel to the supporting beam 1, two pairs of jumpers 8 and 9, 10 and 11 are rigidly installed, located at a distance of 11 cm from each other (the dimensions of the cross-sections of the beams and the distances between them are selected constructively, to ensure strength and reliability frames). The frame is equipped with a hinged device 12, the upper longitudinal link (not shown in Fig.).

The drive mechanism of the working bodies is made in the form of a gearbox 13 (from a VAZ passenger car), rigidly attached in front of the frame between the longitudinal beams 1 and providing an output shaft rotation frequency (not shown in Fig.) Of 2100 mi ^-1 . On the output shaft (not shown in Fig.) Of the gearbox 13, the drive pulley 14 and the drive sprocket 15 are rigidly mounted, which are connected by driven V-belts16 and chain 17 gears to the driven pulleys 18 of the drive of the working bodies 19, 20, 21 and the driven asterisk 22 of the active ripper drive (not numbered in FIG.), and the input shaft 23 of gearbox 13 (not shown in FIG.) is connected to the tractor PTO via a cardan shaft (not shown in FIG.). The drive unit is equipped with mechanisms for tensioning belts 24 and chain 25.

The installation includes three sections of the working bodies, two side sections 19 and 20 are rigidly mounted between the jumpers 8 and 9, 10 and 11, respectively, and the central section 21 is rigidly attached to one of the longitudinal beams 1, and the axis of rotation of the side sections 19, 20 are offset in the horizontal plane relative to the axis of rotation of the central section 21 by 30 cm. Each section of the working bodies 19, 20 and 21 (Fig. 2) is made in the form of a metal cylinder 26, inside which a vertical shaft 28 is mounted on rolling bearings 27 with the possibility of rotation in a vertical plane speed, in the upper part of which the driven pulley 18 is rigidly attached, and in the lower part of it a chopper 29 with flexible knives 30 is mounted rigidly with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane at a speed of 80 ... 95 m / s, while the chopper 29 is made of a metal sheet 62 cm long, 0.08 cm thick, having the shape of a truncated rhombus, on the edges of which flexible knives 30 made of a conveyor belt are rigidly attached (the parameters of the displacement of the working bodies in the horizontal plane and the speed of rotation of the knives are selected constructively for shredders for prison collision with flexible blades with a slipping belt transmission, and obtaining micronized mulchmateriala airflow for transporting the tree trunks in mulchmateriala strip trees, using flexible materials in the manufacture of knives excludes their breakage upon impact of stones).

The active cultivator (Fig. 3) is made in the form of a vertical shaft 31, in the lower part of which a milling cutter 32 is made, made in the form of a flat U-shaped knife, and a driven sprocket 22 is rigidly mounted in the upper part, while the vertical shaft 31 is installed in bearing bearings 33 with the possibility of rotation counterclockwise with a frequency of 400 min ^-1 , and the housing of the bearing bearings 33 are attached to the bracket 34, which is rigidly fixed to the transverse beam 3 by means of fasteners 35 (the rotational speed of the vertical shaft is selected wound constructively to improve the quality of mixing the soil with mulchaterial).

Installation works as follows.

Having entered the aisles of the garden, the machine operator gradually lowers the installation to the soil surface and turns on the tractor PTO, while the torque from the drive sprocket 14 of the gearbox 13 is transmitted through the chain gear 17 to the driven sprocket 18, while the mill 32, rotating at a frequency of 400 min ^-1 , deepens to a given depth of loosening of the near-tree strip of trees. Having turned on the working gear of the tractor, the machine operator begins the process of mowing grass vegetation in the aisles of the garden and loosening the trunks, while the torque from the driving pulley 14 of the gearbox 13 is transmitted via V-belt gears 16 to the driven pulleys 18 of the drive of the working bodies 19, 20 and 21 and are rigidly connected they choppers 29 with flexible knives 30, rotating in a horizontal plane at a speed of 80 ... 95 m / s mow and chop the grass vegetation into mulchaterial. When the grinders 29 with flexible knives 30 rotate, a ventilation flow is created (not shown in Fig.) And under the influence of this flow and centrifugal forces (not shown in Fig.), The mulch material is transported either to the left side or to the right side of the unit and reflected from the side casings (not shown in Fig.) covers the loosened portion of the tree trunk strip.

The process of mixing mulch material with soil starts from the second cycle and is carried out similarly. Mixing of the mulch material with the soil is carried out in loosened trunks up to 10 ... 15 cm deep and 18 cm wide. The finely ground mulch material moved with the soil undergoes humification more rapidly, since it is carried out under anaerobic conditions with the simultaneous resumption of the mulch material in the near-stem bands. In addition, the loosened sections of tree trunks of trees better absorb and accumulate precipitation, and the coated mulch material inhibits the growth of weeds and protects the surface of the loosened tree trunk strip from evaporation of moisture.

Thus, the conveyor-technological process is carried out, on the one hand, mulching, on the other, accelerated humification of the trunks of young trees, while improving the water and food regime of trees, creating favorable conditions for the development of microbiological processes in the soil, increasing their fertility.

A prototype installation for the creation of a humus layer in near-tree strips of trees in gardens on terraces and pebble lands was manufactured and tested at the Omsk State Technical Library FSBEI HE “Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokova ”and showed high quality processing of aisles and tree trunks of trees in gardens.

The proposed design in comparison with the prototype and other well-known technical solutions has the following advantages:

the ability to mulch grass vegetation, transportation and laying of mulch material on loosened areas in the near-trunk strips of young trees;

the ability to accelerate the creation of a humus layer in the trunks of fruit trees;

the ability to improve the water and nutritional regime of fruit trees and increase soil fertility;

the ability to reduce energy costs by combining several operations: mulching, loosening and mixing mulch materials with soil in the tree trunks, in one pass installation.

Information sources

1. Machines for the mechanization of gardening. Catalog of equipment / under the general editorship of I.M. Kulikova. - M .: RAAS. - 2005. - 81 p.

2. Pat. RF №2349075. IPC A01D 43/08. Mower-grinder / V.G. Brosalin, K.A. Manaenkov. Applicant and patent holder FGBOU VPO "Michurinsky GAU". Publ. 03/20/2009.

3. Pat. RF №2387114. IPC A01B 13/16. Machine for snapping row-spacing of perennial plantations when tinned / V.I. Gorshenin, I.A. Drobyshev, A.V. Alekhine. Applicant and patent holder FGBOU VPO "Michurinsky GAU". Publ. 04/27/2010.

Claims (3)

1. Installation for creating a humus layer in near-tree strips of trees in gardens, on terraces and pebble lands, containing a frame, three sections of working bodies, V-belt and chain drives, belt and chain tension mechanisms, an active cultivator, a drive mechanism from the tractor PTO, mounted device and supporting skis, characterized in that each section of the working bodies is made in the form of a metal cylinder, inside of which a vertical shaft is mounted with the possibility of rotation in a vertical plane, in the upper part of which the pulley is rigidly attached, and in the lower part the chopper with flexible knives is rigidly mounted with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane at a speed of 80 ... 95 m / s, and the chopper is made of a metal sheet 62 cm long, 0.08 cm thick, has the shape of a truncated rhombus , on the edges of which flexible knives made of conveyor belt are rigidly attached. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the active cultivator is made in the form of a vertical shaft, in the lower part of which a mill made in the form of a flat U-shaped knife is rigidly attached, and a driven sprocket is rigidly mounted in the upper part, while the vertical a shaft mounted in bearings for rotation in a vertical plane counterclockwise at 400 min ^-1, the housing of bearing supports are fixed to a bracket which is rigidly fixed to the transverse beam by means of fastening children lei. 3. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive mechanism is made in the form of a gearbox that provides an output shaft rotation frequency of 2100 min ^-1 , while a drive pulley and a drive sprocket that are connected to the driven pulleys of the workers are sequentially installed on the output shaft of the gearbox organs and driven by an asterisk of the active cultivator by means of V-belt and chain gears, and the input shaft of the gearbox is connected to the tractor PTO via a cardan shaft.

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