RU1780799C - Mass-exchange device for contacting solid and liquid phase - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: waste oil regeneration. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The device comprises a housing with a filter channel, phase channels, and a drive. Inside the filter channel there is a transport-ripping sectional screw. The auger includes a transport and cultivating section. The screw is equipped with a conical pressing attachment and is rotatable in both directions. The channel for loading the liquid phase is equipped with a dirt-cleaning mechanism. The solid phase feed channel is provided with a screw feed. The channel for discharging the liquid phase is provided with a self-cleaning grid with a porous element. 3 s.p. flowers, 12 ill.

Description

The invention relates to chemical engineering, in particular to oil purification devices. It can be used in industry and agriculture, in waste oil recovery plants.

A device for contacting solid and liquid phases is known, for example, for cleaning oil with a solid adsorbent, comprising a housing with an internal filter channel in which a transport-ripping section screw is provided, equipped with a conical pressing attachment, and channels for loading and unloading solid and liquid phases.

However, in such a device, the process of mass transfer is insufficiently active in connection with its monotony. In addition, due to clogging of the filter channel with a solid adsorbent, the operational reliability of the device is noted.

The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of operation of the installation and the intensification of the mass transfer process.

The goal is achieved in that the screw is rotatable in both directions, the channel for loading the liquid phase is equipped with a dirt-cleaning mechanism, and the channel for supplying the solid phase is equipped with a screw feeder with an irrigation tube and a freewheel, and the channel for unloading the liquid phase is equipped with a grill with a porous element.

In FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an oil treatment plant; in FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a screw mass transfer device; FIG. 3 is a view D of FIG. 2; in FIG. 4 is a transverse section -t-t in FIG. 2; in FIG. 5 is a cross-section p-p in FIG. 7; in FIG. 6 is a transverse section H in FIG. 2; in FIG. 7 - freewheel; in FIG. 8 is a diagram of a channel for discharging a liquid phase; in FIG. 9 is a section g-g in FIG. 8; in FIG. 10 is a view P of FIG. 9; in FIG. 11 cl

with

-hh oo

about

vj

oh oh

section m-m in FIG. 8; in FIG. 12 is an electric drive control circuitry.

An oil purifier (Fig. 1) based on a screw mass transfer device 1 includes a number of additional auxiliary elements. These include a tank 2 for oil clogged with mechanical impurities with a heater 3, a pump station 4, a water heater 5 with a device 6 for feeding combustible waste to the oil refining process, as well as a magnetic cleaner 7 and a centrifuge 8, used if necessary obtaining oil with improved quality of cleaning,

The screw mass transfer device (Fig. 2) contains a housing 9 with an internal filter channel having longitudinal ribs 10, The lower part of the housing is made of a cylindrical pipe 11, with a transition insert 12 having an internal conical bore. Attached to it is an upper conical detachable part 13. by means of quick cam screw clamps 14.

A sectional screw 15 is installed inside the housing. Coils 17, a transport section of the screw, with a large winding pitch, are attached to its shaft 16. Here, in the lower part of the shaft, a landing neck is made and an angular contact bearing is installed in the easily removable lower housing cover 18. Ripper blades 19 are attached to the middle part of the shaft, located in the direction of the helical line, and support coils 20 are attached behind them, interacting with the inner conical surface of the adapter case insert.

Close to the housing connector, in the internal bore of the auger shaft with cut brine teeth, a freewheel 21 is installed (Figs. 7 and 5). In the slots of the struts 22, flat springs 23 are clamped, interacting with ratchet teeth. The springs are fixed by a cover 24 with conical seats and clamped by a bolt 25. At the end of the coupling there is a square connecting head 26 aligned with the square socket on the shaft 27 of the conical screw 28.

A bore is made in the shaft of this screw, in which an insert 29 is placed with two longitudinal grooves (not shown in the drawing) with a pair of locking pins 30 interconnected by a plate 31 of the locking mechanism. A spring 32 is placed inside the insert for withdrawing the pins from the sockets 33 on the drive shaft of the screw. Attached to the plate is t ha 34, skipped

by drilling the cone screw shaft to control the locking mechanism.

A number of holes 35 were drilled in the wall of the adapter cone insert to allow oil to pass through the filter channel for cleaning. Above these holes a cleaning punch mechanism is installed (Figs. 2 and 4). It consists of a sealed housing 36, in which there are cleaning 37 and guide spring-loaded plungers 38 connected to each other by a rail 39. The spring-loaded system is driven by a lever 40. At the top of the drill case there is a fitting 41 for supplying oil.

At the end of the discharge channel 42, the conical attachment, adjusting screws 43 are installed to change the bore, when unloading the spent adsorbent, there is also a grill 44 and a nozzle 45 for the exit of the oil extracted from the adsorbent.

The conical prefix along with the screw are made easily removable. Their fixation in the working position is achieved by means of cam screw clamps consisting of nuts 46 welded to the adapter insert of the housing, screws 47 and eccentric clamping washers 48.

In the middle part of the cylindrical body, a detachable ferrule 49 is attached with pivot pins 50, in which oil channels 51 and 52 for supplying hot water are drilled (Fig. 6). The oil cleaner is not shown in the drawing of the water on the heating jacket.

In the lower part of the housing there is a loading channel 53 for passing the adsorbent, over which a screw feeder 54 with a hopper 55 and a tedder 56 is mounted. A labyrinth-sealing, self-cleaning mechanism is placed on the end part of the screw located under the screw feeder (Fig. 2, 8, 9, 10). It consists of a drum 57 with an external thread and a developed hub. A groove is made on the front side of the drum, where two stop pins 58 are placed, and on the back side a finely perforated cylindrical surface in the form of a cap 59, with a central hole for the screw shaft. Brushes 60 located in the radial direction and fixedly attached to the screw are adjacent to the surface of this cap. One of the brushes 61 is the end, specially threaded part of the screw turn. A fine brass wire 62 is inserted into the hub of the drum, rolled into a roll, which serves as a labyrinth seal and at the same time

an elastic element installed adjacent to the screw bearing. At the bottom, in the hole in the auger shaft, a driving pin 63 is mounted, interacting with a pair of stoppers at the end of the drum, which ensures its rotation.

An unloading window 64 is formed in the lower part of the housing to release the purified oil coming from the labyrinth seals. With this window, the cavity of the housing 65 is connected with a drain pipe 66, a safety filter (Fig. 11). A lattice frame 67 with a gauze winding 68 is placed inside this casing. The casing is closed by a cover 69 with dams 70. A pipe 71 is connected to the side of the casing for supplying oil to the screw feeder of the porous material (adsorbent), and an adjustment valve 72 is installed on the drain pipe.

The auger device is driven by a low-speed gear motor 73. From it, using two chain gears 74 and 75, with sprockets 76 and 77, a freewheel 78, a screw feed of the adsorbent is provided, and with asterisks 79 and 80, the auger is driven.

The gear motor is connected to an alternating current network 81. By means of an automatic switch 82 controlled by a command of the device 83, for example, with a spring drive adjusted to operate according to a given program, the required inclusion, shutdown or reverse of the gear motor is provided

Depending on the operating conditions, the screw oil cleaning device can be installed at an appropriate angle to the horizon. To this end, it is movably connected to a rack 84 with sector locking.

The screw mass transfer device is connected to the elements of the oil cleaning unit by a piping system: 85 - from the tank with clogged oil to the pump station; 86 - from the pumping station with a branch to the pressure reducing valve 87 and to the pivot pin (flexible hose); 88 - from the pivot pin to the oil purifier feed channel; 89 - from the unloading channel of the oil separator to the consumer or for further cleaning in a magnetic separator and centrifuge; 90 - squeezed oil from the oil cleaner into the tank for reprocessing; 91 - from the water heater to the heat exchanger in the tank; 92 - from the oil tank water supply to the rotary pin (flexible hose); 93 - from the rotary pin to the water splash of the oil cleaner; 94 - from water

shirts return water to the water heater; 95 - from the pressure line to the pressure gauge; 96 - water to the shirt of the mass transfer device, 5 The device operates as follows.

First, the oil scrubber is heated. To do this, hot water from column 5 is supplied via line 91 to heat exchanger 3, in tank 2,

0 filled with oil received for cleaning (in the direction of arrow M :).

Further along the line 92, it is directed to drilling 52 in the rotary pin and into the water jacket 96 of the oil cleaner, and from it

5 along line 94, water returns to column 5. At the same time, the oil scrubber is filled with an adsorbent, for example, sifted pine sawdust. For this, the electric drive of the device is turned on, first in a non-reversible mode of operation, by setting the slider of the command of the apparatus 83 in a fixed position on its contact section S (Fig. 12). Using a spray pump, a small portion is served.

5 of clean oil in the direction of the loading channel 53 and screw feeder 54, after which sawdust is poured into the hopper 55, while continuing to spray them with oil.

As soon as the sawdust is switched from the discharge channel 42 to 0 to the vehicle, the command unit 83 is switched on for reverse operation. When this occurs, the distribution of sawdust in the working space of the filter channel with their compaction. Continue to pour in

5, the sawdust hopper and spray them with oil, monitor their exit from channel 42. If necessary, control the density of the adsorbent, as well as the quality of the squeeze oil, which can be estimated by the flow of fluid from the pipe 45, in the direction of arrow B.

To achieve a stable process for passing sawdust through the oil scrubber and the required temperature

5 (50 ... 60 ° C) include a pump station 4 and oil is supplied from the tank 2 along lines 85, 86.88. In this case, the space of the case 36 of the punch cleaner is filled and through the inlet holes 35, oil flows under

0 pressure into the filter channel in the direction of arrow M. Excess oil through pressure relief valve 87 returns via line 92 to tank 2, Oil outflow mode from pipe 66, in the direction of arrow M

5 set by adjusting the valve 72. The oil pressure in the system is controlled by a pressure gauge.

When cleaning oil with increased contamination, as well as due to the internal pressure of the porous material in

side of the inlet openings 35 (f 4 mm) they may be clogged, which is noticeable by the readings of the pressure gauge. In this case, the perforating cleaning mechanism should be activated with the handle 40. In connection with the urgency of this issue, it is planned to equip the purifier with a mechanical or electromagnetic drive with automatic control in the future.

As the oil filter works space is filled with adsorbent, the internal filter cavity of the housing 9 is self-sealing. In the upper part, the adsorbent is pressed by the tapered screw 28, which creates the necessary seal in the discharge channel 42 and on the grill 44. In the lower part of the oil scrubber, the seal is achieved by pressing the porous material with a screw 54 in the loading channel 53.

With the flow through the channels 35 of the oil flow into the filter space of the housing 9, filled with a non-uniform, density, porous medium, as well as under the influence of a one-sided hydrostatic pressure, it is divided into two directions: the main stream moving through the adsorbent with reduced density and hydraulic resistance, to the auxiliary direction with high hydraulic resistance of the compacted adsorbent in the conical part of the device. Only about 6% of the oil being processed is passed in this direction.

The main oil flow is directed towards the slow, alternating movement of the adsorbent mass, in the direction of the main motion vector. This movement is due to the mechanical process of interaction of the sectional screw 15 with the adsorbent. It is expressed in its loosening and stirring, systematic movement of the partially treated adsorbent towards an increased mud concentration of oil in the stream and, in return, supplying a fresh adsorbent that interacts with the oil that has already been preliminarily purified in the upper horizons of the adsorbent.

The final refined oil in the freshest porous material, in its lower horizon, enters the labyrinth-sealing, oil-discharging part of the device. Its release is provided in two channels: along the peripheral, labyrinth, screw channel of the drum 57, in the direction of arrow I, and through its expanded hub with a finely perforated cap 59 filled with a roll mesh seal 62, in the direction of the arrow t (Fig. 8) into the unloading window 64 in the bottom cover 18 of the housing 9.

In the path of refined oil installed

a safety, easily replaceable gauze filter element 68, in a housing 65 closed by a cover 69 with nuts 70. It is designed to trap random particles of porous material. From this housing, the purified oil (in the direction of arrow M) through the nozzle 66 with the control valve 72, is supplied for use, and if necessary in a very clean oil, it is fed into a magnetic separator

5 7 and a centrifuge 8. From the same housing, in the direction of arrow K, through the tube 71, a small amount of oil is supplied to the screw feeder 54, for processing the adsorbent before feeding it into the channel 53

0 (Fig. 3).

To prevent clogging of the perforated surface of the cap 59, it is systematically treated with brushes 60 and 61. In this case, the brush 61, which is

5 by a part of the turn of the screw 15, the end surface of the cap 59 is processed and the porous material is carried out to the upper horizons. Under the influence of peripheral thread on the drum 57, made in

In the same direction as the turns of the screw 15 (in our case, the left direction of the turns), a drive from the threaded channel of the drum of adsorbent particles accidentally falling there onto the end surface is achieved. From there

5 they are lifted by the brush 61 and carried out to the upper horizons.

The operation of the brushes is associated with the alternating movement of the screw shaft 16.

After completing the next stop (Fig. 12) of the screw mechanism, at the moment of contact of the slider of the control unit 83 with the tire, the rotation of the shaft 16 begins with the brushes 60 and 61 attached to it, which slide along the perforated surface of the cap 59, the stationary drum 57, cleaning of porous material. It lasts during the time that the screw 15 rotates through an angle of about 180 °, until the pin, on the shaft 16, is

0 63 will come into contact with the stop pins 58 on the drum and carry it into rotation. Prior to this, drum 57 remained stationary held by friction forces arising at its peripheral

5 threaded surface and end part (Fig. 2, 8, 9, 10 and 12). With the exit of the slider, the command of the apparatus 89 to the non-contact area, the movement stops, and with the exit to the bus, a short reverse movement of the screw starts in 2 ... 3 turns and

stationary drum processing with 57 brushes.

The alternating operation mode of the oil scrubber necessitates measures to prevent depressurization of the system by pressing the cone screws 28 and 54. In this connection, a freewheel 21 with a locking device is installed at the end of the shaft 16 of the cylindrical screws 15. Clutch 78 is also mounted on the drive shaft of the screw feed 54.

The coupling (see Fig. 5 and 7) works as follows. From the shaft 16, through the internal ratchet tooth, the movement is transmitted to the cantilever flat springs 23 and further through the clutch core and its driving square head 26 installed in the bore of the driven shaft 27, the conical screw 28. Using pins 30 inserted into the slots 33 of the master of the shaft 16, the rotation of the shafts 16 and 27 is blocked, for example, if it is necessary to manually scroll the entire sectional screw through the end square at the end of the shaft 16 (Fig. 2, view along arrow D). The locking mechanism is controlled by a link 34 released outside the conical attachment of the device. In case of removal of this attachment, three screws 14 are released from the main body 9 and the eccentric clamping washers 48 are rotated. The attachment 13 is easily disconnected together with the conical screw 23 and the locking mechanism placed in its shaft 27.

By changing the inclination of the oil cleaner 1, the oil filtration process can be affected. This is achieved by increasing the hydraulic pressure in the space of the filter channel, in the direction of oil flow, using gravity gravity of the fluid, as well as changing the nature of the interaction between the mass of the porous material and the working surface of the screw. The additional pressure along the length of the filter channel is variable. Its greatest value is in the lower drainage part of the channel.

Depending on the change in the angle of inclination φ, the additional pressure Pi is determined from the following relation:

, 1l psin p,

kg with cm2

where I is the length of the filter channel

p is the density of the medium in the channel.

Claims (4)

1. Mass transfer device for contacting solid and liquid phases, mainly for oil purification, comprising a housing with an internal filter channel, an auger placed in it, including a transport and ripping section, equipped with a conical pressing attachment, channels for loading and unloading solid and liquid phases and a drive characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability of operation and intensify the process of mass transfer, the screw is rotatable in both directions, the channel for loading the liquid phase is provided with a dirt Cleaning mechanism channel for loading solids screw feeder provided with irrigation tube and the freewheel, and the channel for discharging the liquid phase grating provided with a porous member. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the dirt cleaning mechanism is made in the form of plungers on a common spring-loaded rail. 3. The device according to paragraphs 1 and 2, characterized in that the lattice with a porous element is made in the form of a hub of a sealing drum and is equipped with brushes. 4. The device according to paragraphs 1-3, characterized in that the conical pressing attachment is removable, and the screw shaft adjacent to the conical pressing attachment is provided with a freewheel with a locking mechanism. /