RU177466U1 - Orthopedic device for immobilization of human limbs - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medical equipment, namely to orthopedic devices designed for therapeutic immobilization of upper or lower extremities. The proposed utility model solves the problem of creating a universal orthopedic device for fixing and immobilizing the upper and lower extremities of a person, which allows adapting the supporting parts of the device to an individual limb shape, reducing pressure on soft tissues and excluding the development of a hospital infection. The orthopedic device comprises a shell 1 and granular filler 2, configured to fill the shell with a granular filler to form a three-dimensional structure with the first bed 32 located at an angle to each other for the first limb from the joint and the second bed 42 for the limb that is adjacent to it from the joint. 6 of FIG.

Description

The utility model relates to medical equipment, namely to orthopedic devices intended for therapeutic fixation and immobilization of the upper or lower extremities, mainly to create a stable stable position of the entire limb in the proximal joints (shoulder or hip joints). The claimed invention can be used for proximal (high) fractures, for example, a femur, various types of pelvic fractures, to reduce swelling of the leg and foot after injuries, fractures, operations, vascular disorders, strokes to exclude flexion-causing contractures in the hip, knee and ankle joints and in other cases when it is necessary to hold the limb (arm or leg) in a position that excludes rotation (rotation) of the limb in the shoulder or hip joints.

A device for immobilizing the upper extremities is known, according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2043092. The known device comprises a ladder module with a segment of the shoulder connected thereto, connected by an elbow bend with a lodgement for the forearm with lateral limiting protrusions on them and a brush support made with a surface in the form of a body of revolution mounted vertically on the lodgement and connected to it with a rigid connection .

The disadvantage of this device is that the lodgement of the forearm has an uncomfortable shape.

A device for restricting movement in the joints described in. but. from. No. 1052230. The known device contains a rigid bed made in the form of two detachable plates consisting of two sections located at an angle of 100-160 degrees to each other.

The rigid form of the device at the bend of the elbow causes the inconvenience of using this device.

At the same time, in the devices for upper limbs described above, the bed on which the departments of the human hand rests is made rigid, which does not allow fitting the surface of the beds to the structural features of the limb segments and create a functionally advantageous position of the human body segments in the process of using such devices.

In addition, the devices described above are of limited use, as they are intended only for the upper limbs.

Known orthopedic devices used for the lower extremities, containing a plastic rigid structure in the form of a boot, including a leg section located at an angle to each other, as a part of the shaft, a section for the foot, in the form of a sole with lateral and calcaneal sides, a derotational retainer holding the foot at an angle of 90 degrees to the lower leg, and straps for attaching the boot to the leg, for example, the Ankle dermal boot FS-2952 Fosta (http://www.dobrota.ru/shop/CID_318_1_golenostopy_zhestkaya_fiksaciya.html?v[54†=6097), orthopedic device "Tutor on the shin topny joint with derotation lock ", manufactured by Research and Production Center" Ogonek »(http://ogonek.org/ortopedicheskie-salony/category/splints_lower_limb/).

This type of device is prescribed for hip fractures and hip arthroplasty to exclude the movement of bone fragments in the proximal joint, hip and accelerate their fusion. Dermotional boots are also prescribed for paresis and paralysis of the legs, damage to the nerves of the lower extremities, with cerebral palsy.

Another variant of the orthopedic device manufactured by the Scientific-Production Center "Spark" (Prospect Orthopedic Products for Prevention and Treatment. Scientific-Production Center "Spark") is also known, which is the closest to the proposed solution.

This device differs from the device described for the lower extremities by the implementation of a derotational latch with the ability to change the angle of rotation of the foot relative to the vertical axis in the plane of the sole. The change in the angle of the foot position is ensured by a series of holes located along a horizontally oriented arc in the lower part of the triangular plate of the derotational fixator and a fixing bolt fixed in one of these holes depending on the required angle of fixation.

Changing the angle of rotation of the foot is required to select the correct angle of fixation of the legs in the proximal joint.

However, these devices are difficult to use, since different sizes of legs require the creation of devices of different sizes.

In addition, the known device for fixing the lower extremities also represents a rigid construction of the beds and as a result, like the devices described above for the upper limbs, they do not allow fitting the surface of the beds to the structural features of the segments of the limbs and create a functionally advantageous position of the segments of the human body in the process use of such devices.

Moreover, this device, as described above, has limited use - only for the lower extremities.

The present invention is based on the task of creating a universal orthopedic device for fixing and immobilizing the upper and lower extremities of a person, which allows adapting the supporting parts of the device to the individual shape of the limb, reducing pressure on soft tissues, and eliminating the development of hospital infection, thereby increasing the convenience, hygiene and versatility of use devices.

The problem is solved in that in an orthopedic device for fixing and immobilizing human limbs, containing the first bed for the first limb section from the joint and the second bed for the limb section adjacent to it from the joint, according to the proposed utility model, the device contains the shell and granular filler, configured to fill the shell with a granular filler with the formation of a three-dimensional structure with two angled to each other lodges for the specified adjacent departments of the limb.

The implementation of the device from the shell, filled with soft granular material with the formation of a three-dimensional figure with stocks, allows you to adapt the shape of the shell to the individual shape of the limbs, and thus use the device for both upper and lower limbs, as well as use the device for lower and upper limbs of various shapes and sizes.

At the same time, under the pressure of the limb departments resting on the bed, the shell and granular filler change their shape in accordance with the structural features of the limbs and provide a functionally-favorable position of the human body segments in the device.

In addition, the shell and granular filler create soft pressure on the soft tissues of the limbs, which reduces the likelihood of pressure sores.

It is advisable that the device was equipped with stiffeners with the possibility of their mounting on both sides along the longitudinal axis of at least one bed.

Stiffening ribs on both sides along the longitudinal axis of at least one bed give strength and rigidity to the device, provide reliable fixation of the human limb in the device.

In an advantageous embodiment, the angle between the beds is essentially 90 °, since for adjacent parts of the limbs, in most cases, in particular for the foot and lower leg (in the ankle joint) and for the forearm and shoulder (in the elbow joint), the angle of 90 degrees is functional position.

It is advisable that in the bend between the beds was made at least one hole under the protruding part of the limb in the joint.

The presence of holes for the protruding parts (elbow or heel) eliminates the formation of pressure sores in these areas, which are most susceptible to pressure from the surface of the bed in contact with the protruding portion of the limb.

To ensure greater versatility in the use of the device, it is advisable that two holes with mutually perpendicular axes be made in the area of the connection of the boxes. In addition, each of the lodges can be used for both the upper and lower limbs.

It is advisable that the device was made with the possibility of forming when filling the shell with a granular filler a three-dimensional angular figure consisting of two links located at an angle to each other, each link in the cross section having the shape of a rectangle with an arcuate cut-out of the face facing the adjacent face of the opposite links, that is, cutouts are made on mutually perpendicular faces of adjacent links.

These cutouts form a bed for the corresponding part of the limb.

This embodiment of the device is the most technologically advanced for the implementation of the shell. In addition, due to the shape of the links with a cross-section based on a rectangle, the device has rectangular bases along the longitudinal axis of the links, which allows it to be installed stably enough on the external surface, for example, on a bed mattress. With the arch-shaped cut-out of each link of the bed, they have a smoothly concave shape of the bottom of the bed, which is the most physiologically similar limb resting on the bed.

It is advisable that each stiffener be made in the form of a metal flexible plate, and longitudinal pockets with the possibility of placing said plates in them are made on the outer side of the shell along the side walls of at least one bed.

The fastening of metal plates in pockets made on the shell provides ease of installation of stiffeners. In this case, in a preferred embodiment, the pockets can be made along both boxes, which enhances the strength and rigidity of the structure.

In addition, the implementation of stiffeners in the form of metal plates allows you to simulate the angle of inclination of the extremities laid on the device in one direction or another by bending the metal plates of the stiffeners.

It is advisable that the device additionally contains at least one fastening element fixed to the shell across the longitudinal axis of the bed with the girth of the limb.

The presence of an additional fastener gives greater strength to fix the limbs in the device.

It is advisable that the shell was made of disposable material.

The use of disposable sheathing material prevents the spread of hospital infection and eliminates the cost of disinfection.

It is advisable to use a granular filler with a diameter of granules of 4-6 mm, since granules of this size well take the individual shape of a laid limb, given its anatomical and physiological characteristics, and stably maintain this shape for a long time.

In the future, the invention will be disclosed in more detail on specific examples of its implementation with reference to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a device

FIG. 2 - section 1-1 in FIG. one,

FIG. 3 is a view A in FIG. one,

FIG. 4 is a section 2-2 in FIG. 3

FIG. 5 - shows an example of using the device for the lower extremities,

FIG. 6 is an example of using the device for the upper limbs.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a device for fixing and immobilizing human limbs, mainly upper or lower limbs, excluding rotation of the limb in the proximal joint, in particular the shoulder or hip joints.

The device in all variants of execution includes a shell 1 and granular filler 2 (Fig. 2) to fill the shell 1 with the formation in the working position of a three-dimensional structure (Fig. 1). The shell can be made of soft, strong material that can be cut according to a specific pattern and joined at the seams, for example, glued, stitched or otherwise joined in a known manner, with the formation of a figured cover made with the possibility of filling it with soft granular material to give volumetric shape as well as the removal of granular filler. The patterns for the device can be built by known methods used to create three-dimensional shaped products. In this case, it is possible to make the shell in the form of an open / close cover, for example with a zipper or with Velcro.

It is possible to manufacture and deliver the device to the user in working condition when the shell is filled with granular filler.

However, in order to prevent the spread of hospital infection and to avoid the cost of disinfection, it is preferable to use disposable materials for making the shell. For example, the shell can be made of non-woven materials such as: medical case, sodel, spunlace, woodpulp, spunbond, used for the manufacture of surgical underwear, surgical clothing, napkins, tampons.

In this case, the device is provided to users in the form of a kit comprising at least one shell and granular filler in a predetermined amount to fill the shell and bring the device into working condition in the form of a three-dimensional structure. It is preferable to include several shells of disposable material in the kit.

As the granular filler 2, any granular sufficiently soft material can be used that allows you to adapt the shape of the shell to the individual shape of the limb, creating non-rigid pressure on the soft tissues of the limbs. For example, granular foamed, preferably hypoallergenic, materials, for example granular foamed polystyrene, polyurethane, polypropylene, PVC (polyvinyl chloride), polyethylene and other loose hypoallergenic materials, can be used as filler.

It is most preferable to use granules with a diameter of 4-6 mm, since granules of this size well take on the individual shape of a laid limb, given its anatomical and physiological characteristics, and stably maintain this shape for a long time.

The shell 1 in working condition, when filled with soft granular filler 2, has a volumetric angular shape and contains the first link 3 and the second link 4 located at an angle to each other with adjacent beds 32 and 42 facing each other for adjacent limb sections. In an advantageous embodiment, each link 3 and 4, respectively, in cross section has the shape of a rectangle with an arcuate notch 321 and 421 on the face facing the adjacent face of the opposite link, as shown in FIG. 2 - FIG. 4. These cutouts 321 and 421 form a bed 32 and 42 for the corresponding part of the limb with a smoothly concave bottom shape, which is the most physiologically similar limb resting on the bed. The rectangular outer edges of the links form the bases 33 and 43 of the device, by which the device can be stably placed on an external abutment surface, for example, on a patient's bed mattress (not shown). For greater stability of the device, the bases 33 and 43 are made expanded in the docking zone of links 3 and 4.

It is possible to implement a device in which the links in the cross section are in the form of a rectangle with a rectangular cut (not shown). At the same time, thanks to the granular filler, the bed with a straight bottom will also adapt to the shape of the limb. This embodiment is simpler for the manufacture of the shell, but less functional than a bed with an arcuately concave bottom.

In a preferred embodiment, the angle α between the beds 32, 43 is essentially 90 °. Perhaps a slight technological deviation from the right angle. In the connection area, in links 3 and 4, through holes 34 and 44 are made under the limb protruding in the joint.

At least along the longitudinal axis of one bed, for example, the first bed 32, stiffening ribs 5 are made. In a preferred embodiment, each stiffening rib 5 is made in the form of a metal flexible plate 51 (shown in dashed lines in FIG. 1), while on shell 1, on longitudinal pockets 52 are made with opposite outer side walls of link 3 with the possibility of placing plates 51 in them. In a preferred embodiment, two stiffeners 5 are placed on each side wall of link 3, and, accordingly, two pockets 52 with metal plates. In some cases, a different number of stiffeners along the bed is possible, however, the authors found that the presence of two stiffeners on each side of the bed is the most optimal, both to give structural rigidity and to change the angle of the longitudinal axis of one bed relative to its original axis by base plane.

For universal use of the device, namely for using it for lower and upper limbs, stiffening ribs 5 are installed along both boxes. At the same time, on the shell 1, on the opposite outer side walls of the link 4, longitudinal pockets 52 are made with the possibility of placing said stiffener plates in them.

In an advantageous embodiment, the device comprises an additional attachment 6 (Fig. 1) for lengthening at least one bed, also including a shell 61 and granular filler 62.

In order to use the prefix 6 with each of the links 3 and 4 of the device, in an advantageous embodiment, these links are made with a cross-sectional shape similar to each other.

The shell and granular filler of the prefix 6 are made similarly to the options described above for the main design of the device. The prefix 6 will hold one link extended along the longitudinal axis with a bed 63, which in cross section has a shape similar to that of the links of the device, in particular link 3 as shown in FIG. 1. In this case, an arch-shaped cut-out forms a bed 63, and a rectangular face forms the base 64 of the prefix 6. Along the longitudinal axis of the bed 63, on both sides, stiffeners 7 are made in the form of flat metal plates 71 placed in longitudinal pockets 72 on the shell 61.

The prefix 6 is attached to the link 3 or 4 of the main device at the ends of these links using known means of fastening, for example, with Velcro (not shown). In a preferred embodiment, the prefix 6 from the opposite end portion is inclined 65 to the lower base 64. This embodiment of the end part of the prefix 6 is aimed at a more convenient location of the end part of a human limb (for example, a brush)

The device, in a preferred embodiment, contains fasteners, for example belts 8 (Fig. 5), for additional fixation of the limb in the bed of the shell which can, for example, be fastened with Velcro to the shell 1.

In FIG. Figure 5 shows an example of using the device for the lower extremities (legs), which provides fixation of the hip joint.

The bed 32 of the link 3 of the main device and the bed 63 of the console 6 are used to lay on them the proximal leg (lower thigh and lower leg). The bed 42 of the link 4 is used for laying on it the distal leg (foot).

The heel enters the holes 34 on the link 3 in the bend area, between the bed 32 for the lower leg and the bed 42 for the foot.

The device base 33, set, for example, on the bed of the patient.

When bending stiffeners 5 of link 4 with the bed 42, you can change the angle of the longitudinal axis of the bed 42 in the plane of the base of this bed, and thus change the axis of the entire lower limb, with the center of rotation in the hip joint. In other cases, for example, in fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia and femur, due to the above rotation of the peripheral fragments, a more correct comparison can be achieved.

With a sufficient length of the bed 32 for the lower thigh and lower leg, the device can be used without the attachment 6.

Figure 6 shows an example of the use of the device for the upper limb (arm), which provides fixation of the shoulder joint.

Bed 32 of link 3 serves to lay the proximal arm (shoulder) on it, bed 42 of link 4 and bed 63 of attachment 6 serves to lay the distal arm (forearm) on it.

The elbow enters the hole 44 at the bend between the bed 32 for the shoulder and the bed 42 for the forearm.

The device base 33 is installed, for example, on the bed of the patient. By curving stiffeners 5 on the bed 42 of the forearm and stiffeners 7 of attachment 6, you can rotate the entire arm in the shoulder joint or change the position of the central fragments (in case of fracture of the humerus), due to the rotation of the peripheral. With a sufficient length of the bed 42 for the forearm, the device can be used without the prefix 6.

Claims (11)

1. Orthopedic device for immobilization of human limbs, containing the first bed located at an angle to each other for the first limb from the joint and the second bed for the limb adjacent to it from the joint, characterized in that the device contains a shell and granular filler, made with the possibility filling the shell with a granular filler with the formation of a three-dimensional structure with two beds located at an angle to each other for these adjacent sections of the limb. 2. The orthopedic device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with stiffeners with the possibility of their fastening on both sides along the longitudinal axis of at least one bed. 3. The orthopedic device according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the beds is essentially 90 °. 4. The orthopedic device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one hole for the limb protruding in the joint is made in the joint area of the beds. 5. The orthopedic device according to claim 1, characterized in that two holes with mutually perpendicular axes are made in the joint area of the boxes. 6. The orthopedic device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of forming, when filling the shell with a granular filler, a three-dimensional structure in the form of an angle, consisting of two units located at an angle to each other, each link in the cross section having the shape a rectangle with an arcuate notch on the face facing the adjacent face of the opposite link, these cutouts form a bed for the corresponding department of the limb. 7. The orthopedic device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with at least one fastening element fixed to the shell across the longitudinal axis of the bed with the girth of the limb. 8. The orthopedic device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell is made of a disposable non-woven material such as: medical case, sodel, spunlace, woodpulp, spunbond. 9. The orthopedic device according to claim 1, characterized in that a granular filler with a diameter of granules of 4-6 mm is used. 10. The orthopedic device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one attachment for lengthening the bed containing the shell and granular filler, configured to fill the shell with granular filler with the formation of a three-dimensional figure, elongated along the longitudinal axis and having in cross-section, the shape of a rectangle with an arch-shaped cut, paired with at least one link of the device, the device is equipped with means for attaching the console with the specified link. 11. Orthopedic device according to claim 2, characterized in that each stiffening rib is made in the form of a metal flexible plate, longitudinal pockets are made on the outer side of the shell along the side walls of at least one bed with the possibility of placing said plates in them.

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