RU177329U1 - DEGREASING FAT FOR DEGREASING PRODUCTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to industrial equipment for solvent degreasing of a pre-prepared fat-containing product of vegetable and animal origin and can be used in the oil and fat or animal feed industry. An installation for degreasing a fat-containing product is proposed, consisting of a sealed receiving hopper, which is located above the extractor, the outlet of which is connected by the conveyor line to the inlet of the toaster, the first outlet of which is connected to the solvent vapor removal line, and the second outlet of which is connected to the finished meal collector, and The extractor housing is coaxially mounted with a drive vertical hollow shaft with horizontal blades, which are made in the form of pipes with holes for spraying the solvent , The lower portion of the hopper is located below the upper solvent layer, which is located in the extractor.

Description

The utility model relates to industrial equipment for solvent degreasing of a pre-prepared fat-containing product of vegetable and animal origin and can be used in the oil and fat or animal feed industry.

Known continuous extractor for plant materials (Patent of Ukraine No. 94942, IPC B01D 11/00, publ. 10.12.2014, Bull. No. 23), which consists of a hopper, a housing with a drive and nozzles for supplying and discharging extractant, extract and meal , in which the housing for moving raw materials is made in the form of a gutter located at an angle of inclination α, which is 1 / 5-1 / 3 of the angle of friction between the raw material and the surface of the gutter, with the ability to perform reciprocating movements with adjustable frequency and amplitude of oscillations and move gutter feed from bottom to top in the opposite direction of movement of the extractant, in the upper part has an additional unloading section located at an angle β, which is 1 / 3-2 / 3 of the angle of friction between the raw material and the surface of the trough, with the possibility of adjusting its angle of inclination and length depending on type of raw materials, and shower separators for extractant supply installed along the width of the gutter perpendicular to the direction of movement of raw materials at an adjustable distance L from the place of unloading of meal, and in the lower part the case has a horizontal position a separate separation grid with a convex perforated surface with an extract collector mounted under it. The known device has limited functionality, because it is intended only for the extraction of soluble substances from plant materials.

A known device for the extraction of plant materials (RF Patent No. 1648962, IPC СВ 1/10, publ. 05/15/1991), including an extraction apparatus, which is a chamber with a loading device for filling crushed cake in it, a stirrer and a mesh bottom as well as a transporting auger for unloading the flies from the chamber, miscellular collectors and sprinklers connected to the regeneration system, at least one of which is designed to supply solvent to the chamber. The disadvantage of this device is the low degreasing efficiency, since the separation of the cake, which is located on the conveyor auger, from a solvent mixed with oil is not implemented in hardware. In the known device, the solvent with oil is gravity separated from the cake, merging to the bottom of the screw, where it is collected in a miscelline collector, while a significant proportion of the solvent with oil remains on the cake. Naturally, such an extraction process does not allow to increase the yield of the finished product.

Known installation for the extraction of biomass (RF Patent for the invention No. 2223132, IPC B01D 11/02, publ. 02/10/2004), which is a closed-loop system, including an extractor connected in series, which provides contact of the solvent or mixture of solvents with biomass, an evaporator for separating the solvent and the biomass extract from each other, a compressor for compressing the gaseous solvent and a condenser for condensing the compressed solvent in order to return to the extraction apparatus. The installation includes an additional fluid transfer line for supplying hot fluid from a part of the system remote from the extractor to the solvent in the extractor and one or more control elements for controlling the supply of hot fluid. The transmission line connects the exhaust channel of the compressor and the extractor. Although this installation allows reuse of the solvent in the extractor, the known installation has the following significant drawbacks: - to ensure gas distribution over the cross section of the biomass layer, a nozzle is used that is located inside the extractor (at its base) and connected to the end of the transmission line. This technical solution does not ensure the penetration of solvent into all layers of biomass, which causes the creation of stagnant zones or lumps of biomass;

- removal of the solvent from the extractor is carried out through pipes that are located at the bottom of the extractor, which leads to the fact that along with the solvent, biomass is also removed;

- the design of the evaporator does not provide complete (proper) separation of the solvent from the biomass extract.

This technical solution is selected as a prototype.

The utility model is based on the task of improving the design of a device for degreasing a fat-containing product, in which, by means of new design changes, a constant mixing of the fat-containing product in the extractor is created, which eliminates stagnant zones during the entire extraction process, and at the same time provides constant solvent access to all particles of raw materials , which in turn provides improved yield and improved quality of the final product.

The problem is solved by the fact that the proposed installation for the degreasing of a fat-containing product, consisting of a sealed receiving hopper, which is located above the extractor, the output of which is connected by a conveyor line to the inlet of a tank toaster, the first output of which is connected to the solvent vapor removal line, and the second output of which is connected to a collection of finished meal, in which, according to a utility model, a drive vertical hollow shaft with horizontal blades is coaxially mounted in the extractor housing The pipes are made in the form of pipes with holes for spraying the solvent, and the lower part of the hopper is below the upper level of the solvent, which is located in the extractor.

In addition, in the upper part of the extractor housing there is a horizontal opening for removing molasses.

In addition, a soothing grid is located in the upper part of the extractor housing.

The installation in the extractor case of a drive vertical hollow shaft with horizontal blades, which are made in the form of pipes with holes for spraying the solvent, ensures constant mixing of the raw material and wetting it with a clean solvent. In addition, the mixing of raw materials causes the destruction of existing lumps of raw materials and prevents the creation of new lumps during the entire extraction process.

The utility model is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of the proposed installation.

The installation for degreasing fat-containing products (see the diagram) consists of a sealed receiving hopper 1, which is located above the extractor 2, the outlet of which is connected by a conveyor line (conveyor 3) to the inlet of a toaster 4, the first outlet of which is connected by a solvent vapor removal line to the tank for condensation of solvent vapor (condenser 5), and the second output of which is connected to the collection of finished meal 6. The unit is equipped with a distiller 7, which is connected by technological lines to the extractor 2 and a condenser ohm 8 and a grease collector 9. In the case of the extractor 2, a drive vertical hollow shaft 10 with horizontal blades 11, which are made in the form of pipes with holes for spraying the solvent, is coaxially mounted. The lower part of the receiving hopper 1 is 50 cm below the upper level of the solvent, which is located in the extractor 2. In the upper part of the housing of the extractor 2 there is a horizontal hole for removing molasses. In addition, in the upper part of the housing of the extractor 2 there is a soothing grid (not shown).

The proposed installation for the degreasing of fat-containing products works as follows.

In this installation, hexane is used as a solvent.

Raw material (any material containing fat) that is extracted is fed into the storage hopper, from which it is fed by an airtight conveyor 12 to the receiving hopper 1, which is located above the extractor 2. The receiving hopper 1 is airtight and acts as an air lock - does not allow vapor hexane to go into the atmosphere. From the receiving hopper 1, the raw material enters the extractor 2. The lower part of the receiving hopper 1 is 50 cm below the upper level of hexane, which is located in the extractor 2, which provides preliminary soaking of the raw material in a confined space and reduces the formation of dependences in the upper layer of the mixture. The extractor 2 has a "steam jacket" to maintain a constant temperature of the entire extraction process.

In the upper part of the extractor 2 there is a soothing grate (not shown), which soothes the liquid and reduces the removal of raw materials during the selection of molasses. The raw material is fed into the extractor 2 so that it fills the entire volume of the casing of the extractor 2 and is constantly in hexane, but provided that the upper level of the raw material is 50 cm below the level of hexane in the extractor 2. Hexane is fed into the extractor 2 through a vertical hollow shaft 10, which is driven by an electric motor (not shown). The vertical hollow shaft 10 is provided with horizontal mixing blades 11, which are made in the form of pipes with holes for spraying hexane. Thus, the raw material, passing from top to bottom through the extractor 2, is constantly mixed and wetted with pure hexane, and the rotation of the blades 11 leads to the destruction of existing lumps of raw materials and to prevent the creation of new lumps during the entire extraction process, while providing hexane access to all particles of the raw material.

In the lower part of the extractor 2 is a conveyor 3, which removes the skimmed raw materials that passed through the extractor from top to bottom. The skimmed raw materials from the bottom of the extractor 2 by the conveyor 3 are removed from the extractor and fed to the toaster 4. The amount of skimmed raw materials taken to the toaster 4 allows to feed the same amount of fat-containing raw materials through the upper receiving hopper 1. Thus, the raw materials coming from the top of the extractor gradually move down to zone of pure solvent.

In the toaster 4, raw materials are fed from above. The toaster has six tanks, a steam jacket and a vertical shaft with a stirrer (not shown). Hot steam is fed into the toaster's shirt, the raw materials are heated, hexane evaporates. Toaster 4 runs under discharge. The hexane vapors are captured by the vacuum pump 13 and fed to the condenser 5. In the condenser 5, the vapors of hexane are condensed and in liquid form are supplied to the tank 14 for storing hexane. The resulting fat-free and without hexane residues meal is fed to the collection of finished meal 6, and then to the finished goods warehouse.

Forced, heated pure solvent (hexane) forced into the lower part of the extractor squeezes molasses (hexane with dissolved fat) by gravity through the upper horizontal lateral hole (slot). The hole is located 50 cm above the raw material level in the extractor. Thus, the removal of raw materials by the flow of molasses is reduced. Next, molasses is fed to the distiller 7. Steam is supplied to the distiller 7, the molasses, passing through the tubes, heats up, the hexane evaporates. Hexane vapors are captured by a vacuum pump (not shown), fed to a condenser 8, where the vapors of hexane are condensed and in liquid form are transferred to a hexane storage tank 14. Fat without residual hexane evaporated in the distiller is fed to a collection tank (tank) 9 for storing fat.

The advantages of the proposed installation are as follows:

- capable of extracting a fat-containing product that has a specific gravity (above 0.7 kg / liter) above the specific gravity of hexane;

- the ability to extract a fat-containing product that is capable of caking;

- the raw materials that are in the extractor are constantly mixed (there is no lump formation and caking of the raw materials);

- provides constant access of hexane to particles of raw materials (there are no zones where hexane does not penetrate);

- provides a reduction in the emission of solvent into the environment;

- the collected solvent is repeatedly used in the extraction process;

- provides improved yield and improved quality of the final product.

Claims (3)

1. Installation for degreasing a fat-containing product, consisting of a sealed receiving hopper, which is located above the extractor, the outlet of which is connected by a conveyor line to the inlet of a tank toaster, the first outlet of which is connected to a solvent vapor exhaust line, and the second outlet of which is connected to a ready-made meal container, different the fact that the drive vertical hollow shaft with horizontal blades, which are made in the form of pipes with holes for spraying solution an amplifier, the lower part of the hopper being below the upper level of the solvent, which is located in the extractor. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that a horizontal opening is made in the upper part of the extractor housing for discharging molasses. 3. Installation according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that in the upper part of the extractor housing there is a soothing grid.

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