RU162932U1 - HOUSEHOLD WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A system for the disposal of domestic wastewater containing an entrance to the system for domestic wastewater, a septic tank, the outlet of which is connected to the filtering system, a compost box installed in the septic tank with the possibility of its multiple extraction and installation, the entrance to the compost box is the input of the system, and the output of the compost box is the entrance to the septic tank, characterized in that it further comprises a bioreactor and a fecal pump located in the compost box, the input of the bioreactor through a hose connected to the pump, the output of the bioreactor n with the entrance of the gas tank. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a gas tank, the input of which is connected to a system for pumping gas from the bioreactor to the gas tank. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the compost box contains a dividing wall. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the septic tank is connected through a valve to a collector of volatile gases.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for the treatment of domestic wastewater and can be used in the treatment of domestic wastewater of separately located objects of sparsely populated areas and individual residential buildings.

The effectiveness of biological treatment is achieved thanks to complex physical, chemical and biological processes occurring in the soil and the water phase, and water is utilized with the greatest possible benefit when reused in agriculture, for example, for irrigation of plants (see USSR Copyright Certificate N 1685881, class . C02F 3/32), consisting of an artificial reservoir limited by vertical screens and a recess provided with an aerator, a filtering surface. The device operates either continuously or intermittently. It is quite bulky and occupies a large area. Water treatment in it is carried out by aeration and one-time filtration through a soil-vegetable filter. The water purification efficiency of such a device is low due to the lack of preliminary water purification and the fact that the recess into which the initial wastewater enters will quickly become clogged and silt under conditions of constant wetting.

In addition, measures are not provided for the normal existence of the biological community in the deepening in cases of temporary interruption of water supply and the drying of the soil associated with it. The device is unsuitable for use in winter, in conditions of freezing of soil and pipelines. Disposal of water in the device goes mainly to the ground.

A device is known for treating domestic wastewater from individual residential buildings suitable for working with a variable amount of water (see Heeb J ,, Zust B. Sand and plant filter systems. In Ecological Engineering for Wasterwater Treatment. Proceeding of the International Conference at Stensund Folk College. Sweden March 24-28, 1991 Ed. Etnier C., Guterstam B. Bokskogen, Sweden, 1991, p. 199). This device consists of an underground anaerobic filter with sand and gravel loading and drainage, an aerobic soil-vegetable filter, and a pipeline for supplying water to the aerobic filter. The initial wastewater enters an underground anaerobic sand and gravel filter, then after filtration on it part of the water goes into the ground, and the other part is fed to a horizontal aerobic soil-plant filter and, after a one-time treatment on it, is discharged into the ground.

Water utilization in such a device is carried out mainly by dumping it into the ground. The quality of the treated and discharged water is not controlled in any way, so after treatment on filters it may contain a certain amount of impurities that exceeds the MPC level, which does not meet environmental standards for discharge into the soil.

In addition, the device does not provide for the accumulation or storage of purified water. Unclear working conditions in winter in the conditions of freezing soil, and in summer, it is possible to quickly saturate and silt without a slope of the soil-vegetable filter.

To increase the cleaning efficiency, it is necessary to increase the area of the soil-plant filter and more often change the soil layer under planting. This is unacceptable for consumers with small plots of land.

For small plots of land currently used:

1. Cesspools. Sewage is taken out by the cesspool machine as it is filled.

Disadvantage: dependency on a cesspool machine. The call of the cesspool machine as it is full, i.e. often and expensive.

2. Septic tanks, which are an underground settler of horizontal or vertical type, consisting of one or more chambers through which sewage flows. While the effluents are in the septic tank, they are purified by sedimentation and partial fermentation. Wastewater treated in a septic tank is naturally cleaned in underground filtering facilities. The undissolved fractions at the bottom of the septic tank are to be removed with the help of a cesspool machine.

Disadvantage: dependency on a cesspool machine. The septic tank should be located like this. so that the cesspool machine could drive up to him to pump sludge.

3. Aeration stations of deep biological treatment, which are aerobic reactors (aeration tanks) of various designs and combined structures, including a septic chamber, an aerobic reactor, and a biofilter.

Disadvantage: dependence on electricity. When the power is turned off, the oxygen supply stops, aerobic bacteria die.

4. Dry closets of various types, the principle of which is based on composting sewage in a small volume with subsequent emptying of the box.

Disadvantage: in view of the very small volume it can only be used as a toilet, the drains from the sink and bath cannot be drained. Located in a house or other heated room, because of this, a smell arises in the house, both from the dry closet itself and when the drawer is removed.

A well-known system of household drains containing a multi-chamber septic tank, the inlet of which is connected by pipelines to a drain or (and) sinks for washing or washing, or (and) a shower bath, or (and) a toilet bowl, and the outlet, with a filter system (see http : //slavyanin.org/node/1008).

The disadvantage of this system is the difficulty of disposal, since solid sewage must be taken out of the house into a compost pit. In addition, odors from the compost toilet spread throughout the house.

Closest to the technical nature of the proposed is a system for the disposal of domestic wastewater, containing an entrance to the system, connected by pipelines to a drain or (and) sink for washing or washing, or (and) a shower bath, or (and) toilet bowl, septic tank, exit which is connected to the filtering system, additionally contains a compost box installed in the septic tank with the possibility of its multiple extraction and installation, the entrance to the compost box is the system input, and the output of the compost box is the input to the septic tank (see patent for I know the model No. 134923, class .: C03F 3/30, publ. 2013).

The disadvantage of this system for the disposal of domestic wastewater is the use of manual labor during maintenance. The compost box must be carried manually to the place of cleaning and flushing. Box weight with contents up to 50 kg. The disadvantage is the poor quality of wastewater treatment, the incomplete use of sewage.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is: improving the quality of treatment, complete waste-free use of sewage without pumping sludge with a sewage machine.

The technical result achieved is achieved in that a system for the disposal of domestic wastewater, containing an entrance to the system for household wastewater, a septic tank, the outlet of which is connected to the filtering system, a compost box installed in the septic tank with the possibility of its multiple extraction and installation, and an entrance to the compost the box is the input of the system, and the output of the compost box is the entrance to the septic tank, additionally contains a bioreactor and a fecal pump located in the compost box, the input of the bioreactor through a hose is connected to asosome, the system may additionally contain a gas tank, the input of which is connected to the bioreact by a system for pumping gas from the bioreactor to the gas tank, while the compost box may contain a dividing wall, while the outlet of the septic tank can be connected to the filtering well, and the upper part of the septic tank through a valve can be connected to a collection of volatile gases.

In FIG. 1 schematically presents the proposed system for the disposal of domestic wastewater.

The system for utilization of domestic wastewater contains a septic tank 1. In the receiving chamber 2 of the septic tank under the inlet pipe 3 there is a compost box 4 with the possibility of its multiple removal and installation (installation and fastening units, for which, for example, corners are not shown in the drawing ) The input (pipe 3) to the compost box 4 is the input of the system, and the output of the compost box is the input to either a septic tank or filter system (a variant of the filter system is not shown in the drawing). The entrance (pipe 3) to the system is connected by pipelines to a drain or (and) sink for washing or washing, or (and) a shower bath, or (and) toilet bowl (the latter are not shown in the drawing). The size and shape of the compost box may vary. The size is determined by the number of users and the frequency with which they are cleaned, as well as the ability to get the compost box manually, or using basic hand-held devices, such as a winch. The compost box mounting and fixing units, which can be used as, for example, corners are not shown in the drawing. The output 5 of the compost box is made in the form of a tee, inside which a biofilter 6 is installed. Alternatively, the compost box can be placed, except for the septic tank, directly in the filtering system.

The system of utilization of industrial and domestic effluents is mounted outside the house in the ground in such a way that both groundwater and water from melting snow get into it. To prevent freezing of the system in winter, heat-insulating covers 7 and 8 are used (handles on the covers are not shown). After removing these covers, the compost box is removed and installed.

In addition, the system for the disposal of industrial wastewater contains a bioreactor 9, a gas tank 10 and a fecal pump 11 located in the compost box 4. The inlet of the bioreactor 9 through a hose 12 through a valve installed at the inlet to the bioreactor (the valve is not shown in the drawing) is connected to the pump 11 The output of the bioreactor 9 is connected to the inlet of the gas tank 10 through a system for pumping gas from the bioreactor to the gas tank (this system is not shown in the drawing), while the compost box 4 contains a dividing wall 13.

Septic tank 1 can be connected to the filter system 14.

In the absence of a fan riser in the house, to prevent the smell of sewage from the septic tank, the lids 7 and 8 of the septic tank 1 are hermetically fixed to the septic tank. The upper part of the septic tank 1 through the valve 15 can be connected to the collection of 16 volatile gases, the role of which can play, for example, a plastic bag.

The system operates as follows.

Upon receipt of effluents from the inlet pipe 3, solid fractions remain in the compost box 4. Thanks to the partition 13 in the compost box 4 in the first chamber of the compost box, light fractions of drains (fat) are separated and retained. Additional filtration takes place in biofilter 6.

With a certain filling of the compost box 4, the corresponding valve opens and the pump 11 is turned on and the organics enters the bioreactor 9 to obtain biogas and acquisition. Biogas is subsequently transported to gas tank 10 and subsequently used by the consumer at his discretion. In this case, after pumping the contents of the compost box 4 to a certain level, the fecal pump 11 is turned off and the corresponding valve is shut off. The contents of the compost bin contain concentrated organic matter with a free water content of less than 50%. Thus, the cost of biogas production is significantly reduced. It should be noted here that the contents of the compost box 4 can be removed both manually and automatically using a pump.

In the absence of a gas holder, gas from a bioreactor can be used, for example, for lighting.

Thanks to the specified combination of essential features is ensured without waste use of sewer.

Full waste-free use of sewage without pumping sludge with a sewer machine is the advantage and advantage of the proposed technical solution compared to the prototype.

Claims (4)

1. A system for the disposal of domestic wastewater containing an entrance to the system for domestic wastewater, a septic tank, the outlet of which is connected to the filtering system, a compost box installed in the septic tank with the possibility of its multiple extraction and installation, the entrance to the compost box is the input of the system, and the output of the compost box is the entrance to the septic tank, characterized in that it further comprises a bioreactor and a fecal pump located in the compost box, the input of the bioreactor through a hose connected to the pump, the output of the bioreactor n with the entrance of the gas tank. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a gas tank, the input of which is connected to a system for pumping gas from the bioreactor to the gas tank. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the compost box contains a dividing wall. 4. The system according to p. 1, characterized in that the upper part of the septic tank through a valve is connected to a collection of volatile gases.

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