RU161571U1 - LOW EMISSION COMBUSTION CHAMBER WITH TWO STEPS OF FORMATION OF FUEL AND AIR MIXTURE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A combustion chamber containing a frontal device (FU) 10 with a standby burner (DG) 11 of a diffusion type and a main burner (OG) 12 of preliminary mixing, equipped with independent fuel supplies, and also a heat pipe (ZhT) adjacent to the front-mounted device (FU) 10 concentrically ) 20 and the outer casing 30, the annular space 40 between which serves to supply the required amount of air through it to the specified burners, characterized in that it further comprises a unit (A) 50 for supplying a portion of the fuel intended for compression anija in the combustion chamber to premix the air in said annular space between said casing 30 and the flame tube (VT) 20.2. The combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that said node (A) 50 for supplying part of the fuel to preliminary mixing with air is made in the form of an annular fuel manifold (CPC) 51 covering said casing 30 in at a convenient location; at least one fuel supply fitting 52 from the outside of the specified collector (CPC) 51 and at least three evenly spaced around the circumference of the specified collector from its inner side, the discharge fittings 53 passed through the wall of the specified casing 30, each of these fittings 53 is plugged from the outlet end and is equipped with fuel outlet holes (TBO) 54 on its side surface. 3. The combustion chamber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said annular space 40 between the casing 30 and the flame tube (VT) 20 from the location of said assembly (A) 50 for supplying fuel to the rear end wall 15 of said front device (FU) 10 an intermediate shell is located, directing the flow of the air-fuel mixture to the decree

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of energy, transport, and chemical engineering, where it is necessary to organize the processes of mixing various fuels with air and burning a “poor” air-fuel mixture, in particular, to create low-emission combustion chambers of stationary gas turbine plants.

State of the art

One of the main problems in creating gas turbine units is compliance with the requirements for emissions of nitrogen oxides NOx generated during the combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber. The bulk of the nitrogen oxides generated in the combustion chamber is thermal NO generated from air nitrogen. The main factor determining the concentration of nitric oxide of thermal origin is the high local flame temperature in the combustion zone. The local flame temperature in the combustion zone is reduced by burning "poor" pre-mixed air-fuel mixtures. This is ensured by combustion chambers with burners for preliminary mixing of fuel with air with flow swirling, behind which flame stabilization zones are formed. To obtain a homogeneous hot-air mixture, the design of the fuel supply and mixing devices in the combustion chamber for subsequent economical and environmentally friendly combustion is of paramount importance.

Known combustion chamber containing:

front-mounted device with a standby burner of diffusion type and a main burner of preliminary mixing, equipped with independent fuel supply, as well as

concentrically adjacent to the specified front-end device, the heat pipe and the outer casing, the annular space between which serves to supply the required amount of air through it to the specified burners (RU 90879, F23R 3/28, 2010 - the closest analogue).

In this combustion chamber for the formation of the air-fuel mixture, fuel and air are used that are sold only within the specified burners, which makes it difficult to obtain sufficient homogeneity of the main stream of the air-fuel mixture with a corresponding increase in the formation of nitrogen oxides in it

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the utility model is to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases by reducing the content of nitrogen oxides in them, and the technical result is to increase the degree of homogeneity of the preliminary mixing of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the burners.

The solution of this problem by achieving the specified technical result is ensured by the fact that

a combustion chamber containing:

front-mounted device with a standby burner of diffusion type and a main burner of preliminary mixing, equipped with independent fuel supply, as well as

concentrically adjacent to the specified front-end device, the heat pipe and the outer casing, the annular space between which serves to supply the required amount of air through it to the specified burners,

according to utility model

further comprises an assembly for supplying a part of the fuel intended for combustion in the combustion chamber to be premixed with air in said annular space between said casing and the flame tube.

The specified node supplying part of the fuel for preliminary mixing with air can preferably be made in the form of covering the specified casing in a convenient location of the annular fuel manifold;

at least one inlet fitting on the outside of said manifold; and

at least three outlet fittings evenly spaced around the circumference of said collector from its inside passing through the wall of said casing, each of these fittings being muffled from the outlet end and provided with fuel outlet openings on its side surface.

In said annular space between the casing and the flame tube from the location of said fuel supply unit to the rear end wall of said front device, an intermediate shell may preferably be arranged to direct the air-fuel mixture flow to said burners.

In the annular space between said intermediate shell and the flame tube, a guiding apparatus can preferably be installed.

The causal relationship between the totality of the listed main features of the patented utility model and its technical results is as follows:

The equipment of the combustion chamber with a unit for supplying a part of the fuel intended for combustion in the combustion chamber for preliminary mixing with air in the specified annular space between the indicated casing and the flame tube allows additional preliminary mixing of the air-fuel mixture over a relatively long section of its movement path, which significantly increases its degree homogenization.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a combustion chamber according to a utility model in longitudinal section in relation to a stationary power gas turbine installation; in FIG. 2 - node A of FIG. 1 with a picture of this site on a larger scale, the fuel supply system of the first mixing stage.

Legend

GTU - gas turbine installation;

DG - standby burner;

ZhT - flame tube;

KS - combustion chamber;

KTK - ring fuel collector;

NA - directing apparatus;

Exhaust gas - main burner;

TVO - fuel outlet;

Fuel assembly - air-fuel mixture;

FU - front-end device;

List of drawing items

10 - FU; 11 - DG; 12 - exhaust gas; 13.14 - fuel supply fittings, respectively, to the standby and main burners; 15 - rear end wall 20 - ZhT; 30 - an external casing; 40 - annular space between the casing and VT; 50 - node supplying part of the fuel for preliminary mixing with air; 51 - CPC; 52, 53 - inlet and outlet fuel fittings; 54 - TVO; 60 - intermediate shell; 70 - annular space between the intermediate shell and VT; 71 - ON in the specified annular space.

Utility Model Implementation

According to a utility model, a gas turbine combustion chamber (Fig. 1) contains a front-end device ФУ 10 with a standby burner 11 of a diffusion type and a main burner 12 of preliminary mixing equipped with independent fuel supplies in the form of fittings 13, 14, respectively. A heat pipe ZhT 20 is adjacent concentrically to the ФУ 10 and an outer casing 30, the annular space 40 between which serves to supply through it to the specified burners 11, 12 the required amount of air.

According to the utility model, the compressor station additionally contains a unit 50 (Figs. 1, 2) for supplying a part intended for burning fuel therein for preliminary mixing with air in the indicated annular space 40 between the casing 30 and the ЖТ 20.

The specified node 50 is made (Fig. 2) in the form of covering the casing 30 in an arbitrary convenient place of the annular fuel collector CPC 51;

at least one inlet fitting 52 from the outside of the CPC 51 and at least three CPC 51 evenly spaced around the circumference of the outlet pipe 53, passed through the wall of the specified outer casing 30, each of these fittings 53 is muffled from the output end and equipped with fuel outlet holes 54 on its side surface.

In the specified annular space 40 between the casing 30 and the ZhT 20 from the location of the specified node 50 of the fuel supply to the rear end wall 15 of the specified ФУ 10 there is an intermediate shell 60, directing the flow of the air-fuel mixture to the specified burners 11, 12.

In the annular space 70 between the indicated intermediate shell 60 and ZhT 20, an axial guide apparatus HA 71 is installed to twist the fuel assembly flow. The bore of the annular space 70 is selected from a given flow rate of the fuel assembly taking into account the required degree of cooling of the VT 20.

Combustion chamber operation

The work of the COP according to the utility model is as follows. First, before the fuel is supplied, air from the forced-rotary compressor enters sequentially through the annular channels 40 and 70 to the burners 11, 12. Then, through the nozzle 13, fuel is supplied to the diesel engine 11 and the fuel assembly is ignited at its outlet, after which the exhaust gas 12 is turned on in the same way. At the same time, part of the fuel intended for burning in it is sent through fittings 52, CPC 51 and fittings 53 with TBO 54 to the annular channel 70 with HA 71 installed in it for preliminary mixing, which, together with subsequent mixing in the exhaust gas path 12, provides the required increased degree of homogenization of FA. After that, DG 11 is turned off. The amount of fuel allocated to pre-mixing can be up to 40% of its total amount. A higher percentage is dangerous due to the possibility of premature spontaneous combustion of fuel.

Industrial applicability

The combustion chamber according to the utility model meets the condition of "industrial applicability". The essence of the technical solution is disclosed in the formula, description and drawings clearly enough for understanding and industrial implementation by relevant specialists on the basis of the current level of technology in the field of power engineering and other industries mentioned above.

Claims (4)

1. The combustion chamber containing front-end device (ФУ) 10 with a standby burner (DG) 11 of a diffusion type and a main burner (ОГ) 12 of preliminary mixing, equipped with independent fuel supply, as well as concentrically adjacent to the specified front-end device (FU) 10, the fire tube (ZhT) 20 and the outer casing 30, the annular space 40 between which serves to supply the required amount of air through it to the specified burners, characterized in that it further comprises a unit (A) 50 for supplying a portion of the fuel intended for combustion in the combustion chamber to be premixed with air in said annular space between said casing 30 and flame tube (VT) 20. 2. The combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the specified node (A) 50 of the supply of part of the fuel for preliminary mixing with air is made in the form of covering the specified casing 30 in a convenient location of the annular fuel manifold (CPC) 51; at least one fuel inlet fitting 52 from the outside of said manifold (CPC) 51 and at least three outlet fittings 53 evenly spaced around the circumference of said collector from its inside and passed through the wall of said casing 30, each of these fittings 53 being plugged from the outlet end and provided with fuel outlet holes (TBO) 54 on its side surface. 3. The combustion chamber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the specified annular space 40 between the casing 30 and the flame tube (ZhT) 20 from the location of the specified node (A) 50 for supplying fuel to the rear end wall 15 of the specified front device (FU) 10 there is an intermediate shell, directing the flow of the air-fuel mixture to the specified burners. 4. The combustion chamber according to claim 3, characterized in that in the annular space 70 between the indicated intermediate shell 60 and the flame tube (ZhT) 20, a guide apparatus (HA) 71 is installed.

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