RU142236U1 - MULTILAYER DEVICE FOR GROWING PLANTS - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-tiered device for growing plants, comprising a multi-tiered rack installation with sections from shelves for vegetation trays with plants, lighting sources, characterized in that the sections are equipped with reflective screens and light sources located along their perimeter in the upper part of each section with the possibility of rapid change in their number and type depending on the cultivated culture, as well as with the possibility of their horizontal movement inside the section, while reflective screens around the perimeter each section is installed with gaps above and below for natural ventilation of the section and with the exception of the loss of radiant flux from light sources, and the side screens are made with the possibility of installation or removal, independently of others, when caring for plants.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of crop production, in particular, to devices for growing plants up to 0.4-0.5 m high using artificial lighting, mainly leafy vegetable crops, seedlings of fruit and vegetable crops (tomato, pepper, cucumber, etc.), as well as medicinal and ornamental plants.

Known collapsible multi-tiered rack-type device for growing plants (1. Patent for PM 18610, filed March 28, 2001, published July 10, 2001, IPC A01G 31/02, A01G 9/02). The known device contains sections of shelves mounted in tiers on four racks. The racks are made detachable in height and are connected by jumpers and couplers installed with the possibility of moving along the racks and fixing in any place. On each pair of couplers of one level, a shelf or at least two rods with the possibility of removal are installed. On each additional jumper or on one of the couplers of each pair of couplers of one level, a light source is installed with the possibility of fixing and removing. The upper ends of the racks are connected to each other with the possibility of fixing and detaching.

The disadvantage of this device is that a collapsible design that extends the functionality of the rack does not provide uniform illumination of plants and is characterized by significant light loss.

A device for growing plants is known (2. Patent PM 121989 is filed on July 12, 2012, published on November 20, 2012, IPC A01G 9/00), containing a growing chamber made in the form of a frame structure equipped with side walls, at least three of which are made removable, the frame contains lower and upper rectangular strapping and connecting racks, removable side walls are made in the form of sheets having a reflective coating on the inside, the camera is equipped with devices for fixing the removable walls, the device is equipped with one or more reg vertical linear suspension lamps that can be adjusted in height, vertical linear lamps are located at the corners of the frame in the joints of the side walls, as well as in the vertical axis of the device, while it is possible to organize an additional tier in the device, and vertical linear lamps are located along the entire height of the camera for growing in several tiers with the possibility of their independent inclusion.

The disadvantage of this device is the need to disassemble the structure (removing the side walls fastened with the help of special devices) for regular care of plants (pinching, etc.). There is no information about such indicators of the light environment of plants as irradiation in the usable area, uniform illumination of plants, which does not allow us to conclude that it is possible and advisable to grow certain plants in this device.

A known group of inventions, including a device and a collapsible multi-tiered rack for growing plants in a protected ground, (3. Patent for invention 2391812, filed March 24, 2006, published June 20, 2010, IPC A01G 9/00, A01G 9/24). The known device for growing plants contains a system of cultivation of plants, including a vertical multi-tiered rack installation for vegetation trays with plants, systems for creating the required climatic and light modes, the latter is created, but by at least one light source, configured to move up and down between the tiers of the rack installation, and a means of providing continuous reverse movement of the light source between tiers during the period of plant irradiation. At the same time, the rack installation is capable of being transformed into a polyhedron, and the lighting source is installed in such a way that the path of its reverse movement passes through the center of the polyhedron. The exclusion of overheating of the leaf cover, ensuring uniform illumination of plants, and, in some cases, a decrease in light loss is noted. This device uses one-sided lateral illumination of plants, which is practically unsuitable for dense cenoses of low-growing plants. In this case, it is much more efficient to grow plants in overhead lighting. In addition, there is no information about the level of uniformity and irradiation achieved, which does not allow us to assess the possible effectiveness of the device.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is known but a combination of essential features and adopted as a PROTOTYPE device for growing plants in protected ground conditions (4. Patent for invention 2084123, filed on 10.21.1992, published on 07.20.1997, IPC A01G 9/14). This device contains a vertical multi-tiered rack installation with shelves for vegetation trays with plants and means for creating the required climate and light conditions. The device is equipped with light sources, which are garlands of lamps arranged parallel to each other, made with the possibility of moving up and down between the tiers of vegetative trays. Each of the garlands is fixed to the suspension mounted on the axis of rotation. Installations with vegetation trays are located one above the other with the formation of vertical through technical channels and are interconnected at the places of their contact by floors, and the light sources and means for supplying carbon dioxide are located in through technical channels through a tier in a checkerboard pattern on the rotation axis placed above the upper installation for containers, and the axis of rotation is connected to the electric drive. The light sources fixed with garlands include a photoperiod for a certain duration of exposure - at the end of which the light sources are moved up or down.

The disadvantages of the known device are the irrational use of light and uneven illumination of plants, which leads to lower yields and high energy costs. The different remoteness of individual plants from light sources during the irradiation period leads to different intensities of their illumination, and the static position of light sources during the photoperiod, with an inaccurate estimate of the minimum distance of light sources of the corresponding electric power from plants of various species, leads to overheating, up to damage, most closely located sections of leaf cover.

The proposed utility model solves the problem of creating a device that can significantly reduce light loss, while increasing the irradiation and uniformity of illumination of cultivated plants to the level necessary for their effective growth and development, and eliminating overheating and damage to the leaf cover. The device being designed is intended for year-round cultivation of plants up to 0.4-0.5 meters high, mainly leafy vegetable crops, seedlings of fruit and vegetable crops, as well as medicinal and ornamental plants, and stable production of high yields of high-quality plant products in any premises with controlled microclimate .

The essence of the utility model is that a multi-tiered device for growing plants, containing, like the prototype, a multi-tiered rack installation with sections from shelves for vegetation trays with plants, lighting sources, differs in that the sections are equipped with reflective screens and sources located along their perimeter lighting in the upper part of each section with the ability to quickly change their number and type depending on the crop grown, as well as with the possibility of their horizontal movement in three sections, with the reflective screens around the perimeter of each section set with gaps above and below for natural ventilation section, and with exception of the loss of the radiant flux from the light sources, wherein the side shields are configured to installation or removal independently of the other at work but care of plants.

The technical result achieved by the utility model consists in a significant reduction in light losses, which, in the absence of reflective screens in each section, make up, depending on the light intensity curve (KSS) of the light sources, from 20 to 35% of the light flux of the light sources in the section and which are practically absent in the presence of reflective screens. Accordingly, the average irradiation created by light sources on the useful area of the section and the uniformity coefficient of plant illumination increase.

The average irradiation created by the light sources on the useful area of the section of the proposed utility model is up to 100-110 W / m ² photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), the uniformity coefficient is from 0.56-0.61 or more, which ensures intensive production of high quality crops plant products without overheating and damage to the leaf cover.

Reducing light losses is achieved by installing reflective screens but on the perimeter of each section, which virtually eliminates the exit of light beyond its limits. The light reflected by the screens is distributed over the sowing, while both the irradiation and the uniformity of illumination of the plants increase.Thus, the necessary irradiation of the sowing in the tier can be provided with a lower electric power of light sources, which also reduces the likelihood of overheating and damage to the leaf cover of plants.

The installation of reflective screens with gaps above and below provides natural ventilation of each tier, which significantly reduces the likelihood of overheating of plants. At the same time, the size of the gaps from above is selected taking into account the type of light intensity curve (KSS) of the light sources, which eliminates light loss; the height of the gaps from below is less than the height of the side of the germination, which also eliminates light loss.

The placement of light sources in the upper part of the section provides a gradual and comfortable increase in the irradiation of crops as plants grow. Moreover, it is advisable to grow plants up to 0.4-0.5 m high, the irradiation of which at their maximum height will be within acceptable limits.

If necessary, additionally optimize the parameters of the plant’s light environment (for example, when a new crop is introduced into the market or according to the results of optimization of growing technology), the possibility of quickly changing the type, electric power and number of light sources in the section is used while ensuring, if necessary, horizontal movement of light sources inside sections.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawing, which schematically shows a multi-tiered device for growing plants.

A multi-tier device for growing plants according to a utility model comprises a frame 1, which is the basis for tiered mounted sections 2. Each section 2 contains light sources 3 and a reflector 4 along its perimeter (side reflectors 4 are shown, end reflectors 4 are not shown). End reflectors are non-removable and made of sheet plastic with a reflection coefficient of 0.8 or more. Side reflectors 4 are made of sheet plastic or reflective film with the same reflectance, and each of them can be removed (raised) or installed (lowered) independently of the others. Lighting sources 3 (from 3 to 10 pieces, but most often from 4 to 6) are installed in the upper part of each section. Retroreflectors 4 are installed with a gap of 5 above and below for natural ventilation of the sections. Above the light sources in each section, a heat-reflecting screen 6 is installed, eliminating the possibility of overheating of the germination of the upstream section 2. From the tank, 7 by pumps through hoses 8, the nutrient solution is supplied to the collectors 9 of each section, mounted on the shelves 10. From the collectors 9, the nutrient solution through the tubes 11 enters germination 12 of each section 2, with each growth 12 has a pipe (not shown) for emergency discharge of excess nutrient solution. Vertical racks 13 of the frame 1 are equipped with adjusting screws 14 to ensure the vertical position of the device on an uneven floor. The control panel 15 can be placed on the frame 1, but ballasts for light sources removed from the device.

A device for growing plants works as follows. In accordance with the formula of the utility model, light sources 3 are installed, while the configuration of light sources 3 (type, electric power, number in the section) providing the corresponding parameters of the light medium (average irradiation, uniformity coefficient of illumination, spectral density of irradiation) is selected taking into account physiological features of the planted culture.

For planting seedlings or seeds in the plant 12 place a substitute. The pipe for emergency discharge of the nutrient solution from rastilen 12 should be open. From the tank 7, using pumps in automatic or manual mode, the nutrient solution is supplied to the collectors 9 and then to the tubes 11 departing from them.

After planting seedlings of plants or seed germination include a group of light sources 3 of the corresponding section 2 and lower (install) the side reflectors 4. When the plants reach a height of 20 ÷ 25 cm, they are tied if necessary.

Claims (1)

A multi-tiered device for growing plants, comprising a multi-tiered rack installation with sections from shelves for vegetation trays with plants, lighting sources, characterized in that the sections are equipped with reflective screens and light sources located along their perimeter in the upper part of each section with the possibility of rapid change in their number and type depending on the cultivated culture, as well as with the possibility of their horizontal movement inside the section, while reflective screens around the perimeter each section is installed with gaps above and below for natural ventilation of the section and with the exception of the loss of radiant flux from light sources, and the side screens are made with the possibility of installation or removal, independently of others, when caring for plants.

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