RU146736U1 - SOUND SIGNAL GENERATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A probe signal generator comprising a synchronizer and a pulse generator connected to the D-input of a D-trigger, the output of which is connected to one of the key inputs, the output connected to one of the inputs of the power amplifier, characterized in that a code converter is additionally introduced into it, a video pulse generator and a code generator connected to a code converter, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the video pulse generator and the C-input of the D-trigger, and the outputs of the video pulse generator are connected to other key inputs. 2. The probe signal generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the key is made in the form of two logic elements 2I, the first inputs of which are connected to the output of the D-trigger, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the power amplifier. 3. The probe signal generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the code generator is made in the form of a pulse generator and a counter, while the pulse generator is connected to the counter input, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the code converter. 4. The probe signal generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the code converter is designed as a decoder, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the code generator, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the video pulse generator. 5. The probe signal generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the video pulse generator is made in the form of four OR gates, the first and fourth outputs of the code converter connected to the inputs of the first four-input OR gate, the third to the sixth with the inputs of the second four-input OR gate, first - the third with the inputs of the third three-input logic element

Description

The utility model relates to the field of hydroacoustics and ultrasonic flaw detection, in particular to the generator paths of acoustic echo pulse locators.

A known probe signal generator containing a synchronizer, a pulse generator, a sinusoidal signal generator and a power amplifier (see Kobyakov Yu.S., Kudryavtsev N.N., Timoshenko V.I. Construction of sonar fishing equipment. - L. Shipbuilding, 1986 )

The synchronizer periodically generates pulsed signals that trigger a waiting multivibrator, at the output of which video pulses of a given duration are generated, which are fed to the control input of the sinusoidal signal generator and enable its operation. Radio pulses from its output go to a power amplifier, and then to an acoustic transducer.

The disadvantages of this generator include limited operational capabilities due to the low efficiency of a Class B power amplifier, reaching a limit of 78% when amplifying analog sinusoidal signals (see Tsykina A.V. Design of low-frequency amplifiers. - M. Svyaz, 1968 .). When receiving echoes, there is no signal generation with the frequency of the probe signal necessary, for example, to determine the Doppler shift of the frequency of the echo signals (see Bukaty V.M., Dmitriev V.I. Hydroacoustic logs. - M. Food industry, 1980. ), as well as two reference signals with a frequency equal to the frequency of the probing signal, shifted 90 ° relative to each other, necessary for the synchronous detection of echo signals and a number of other types of processing (see Banks V.N. and other radio receivers. - M. Radio and Communications, 1984, pp. 42-43) .

Common signs that match the features of the claimed utility model are a synchronizer, a waiting multivibrator and a power amplifier.

The probing signal generator containing a synchronizer, a waiting multivibrator, a sinusoidal signal generator, an analog key, a power amplifier is free from a number of these shortcomings (see A. Khrebtov and other Ship Depth Sounders. - L. Sudostroenie, 1982. P. 18.)

The synchronizer periodically generates pulsed signals that trigger a waiting multivibrator, the output of which is formed by video pulses of a given duration, which are fed to the control input of a normally closed analog switch, to the signal input of which a continuous harmonic signal is supplied from the sinusoidal signal generator. A video pulse opens an analog key, a harmonic signal passes through it and enters the power amplifier, and then to the acoustic transducer.

However, the aforementioned probe signal generator also has limited operational capabilities due to the low efficiency of a Class B power amplifier. The radio pulses generated at the output of the analog switch have an arbitrary initial phase in the range 0-2π, since the sinusoidal signal generator and synchronizer operate independently of friend, the leading edge of the video pulse that opens the analog key can coincide with any part of the sinusoidal signal, therefore radio pulses at the key output can begin from any initial phase. This leads to the fact that a detailed view of the shape of the radio pulse is difficult without the use of an oscilloscope with memory in the view mode of a single signal. After detecting the echo signals, video pulses with different steepness of the fronts are obtained, which leads to an additional error in determining the time intervals between the start of the location cycle and the time of arrival of the echo pulse. When a probing signal with a variable initial phase is applied to an acoustic transducer, as well as echo signals to selective systems of resonant amplifiers, the envelope and phase structure of the received acoustic signals and amplified echo signals change (see I. Zolotarev, Unsteady processes in resonant amplifiers phase-pulse measuring systems. - Novosibirsk, Nauka, 1969. 176 p.), which also leads to additional errors in determining the amplitude and time of arrival of echo signals. In addition, there are no reference signals between the probing signals with a phase shifted 90 ° relative to each other, which does not allow processing of echo signals using optimal processing algorithms for radio pulses with an arbitrary initial phase, for example, synchronous detection.

Signs that match the features of the claimed utility model: synchronizer, waiting multivibrator and power amplifier.

A known generator of sounding signals (US Pat. RF No. 2362184, IPC G01S 13/32, published July 20, 2009), comprising a synchronizer connected via a standby multivibrator to the D-input of a D-trigger and a sinusoidal signal generator connected through a comparator to the input control of the D-flip-flop and with the signal input of an analog switch, the control input of which is connected to the output of the D-flip-flop, and the output - with the input of the power amplifier.

The synchronizer generates periodically repeating pulse signals supplied to the input of the waiting multivibrator, the output of which produces a video pulse that determines the duration of the probing signal generated, which is fed to the D-input of the D-trigger. The sinusoidal oscillator generates a continuous harmonic signal supplied to the signal input of a normally closed analog key and to a comparator, the output of which is a sequence of video pulses corresponding to any part of the harmonic signal (for example, its half-wave of positive polarity), which is then transmitted to the control input D- trigger. At the output of the D-trigger, video pulses are formed, the beginning and end of which will correspond to the leading edges of the video pulses formed in the comparator. These video pulses arrive at the control input of a normally closed analog key, open it and radio pulses are formed at the output of the key, which are transmitted to the input of the power amplifier. The harmonic signal in radio pulses will always begin and end with the same phase, that is, probing signals with a constant initial and final phase will be formed.

This generator has the same drawbacks - limited operational capabilities due to the fact that a reference signal with only one phase is supplied to the receiving path of the locator from the probe signal generator, which is insufficient for the synchronous detection of echo signals having a random initial phase. To perform synchronous detection, it is necessary to use two reference signals 90 ° shifted in phase (see Zyuko A.G. et al. Theory of signal transmission. - M. Radio and communications, 1986. P. 189; Yakovlev AN, Kablov GP Short-range sonars. - L. Sudostroenie, 1983. P. 99; Banks V.N. and other radio receivers. - M. Radio and communications, 1984. P. 42-43).

It should also be noted the low efficiency of the power amplifier operating in class B.

Signs that match the features of the claimed utility model are a synchronizer, a waiting multivibrator, a D-trigger and a power amplifier.

Closest to the claimed utility model is the sounding signal generator adopted for the prototype (US Pat. RF No. 97535, IPC G01N 29/04, published September 10, 2010), containing a synchronizer connected via a standby multivibrator to the D-input of the D-trigger, a sinusoidal signal generator connected via a comparator to the control inputs of the second and third D-flip-flops, the output of the second D-flip-flop is connected to the D-input of the third D-flip-flop, with the control input of the D-flip-flop and with one of the inputs of the first logic element 2I, one of inputs of the second logic element that 2I is connected to the inverse output of the second D-trigger, and the second inputs of the logic elements are connected to the output of the D-trigger; the inverse output of the third D-trigger is connected to the D-input of the second D-trigger, and the outputs of the logic elements 2I are connected to the inputs of the power amplifier.

The synchronizer generates periodically repeating video pulses arriving at the input of the waiting multivibrator, the output of which produces a video pulse that determines the duration of the generated probing signal. This video pulse arrives at the D-input of the D-trigger. The sinusoidal oscillator generates a continuous harmonic signal with a frequency of 4 f ₀ , fed to the input of the comparator 5, the output of which receives video pulses with the same frequency, then fed to the control inputs of the second and third D-flip-flops. From the output of the second D-flip-flop, a signal with frequency f _{0 is} fed to the D-input of the third D-flip-flop, to the control input of the D-flip-flop, and also to one of the inputs of the first logic element 2I. From the inverse output of the third D-trigger, the pulse signal is fed to the D-input of the second D-trigger. At the outputs of the second and third D-flip-flops, signals are generated having a frequency f ₀ and a phase of 0, 180, 90 and 270 degrees, respectively. These signals enter the receiving path of the locator and are used for synchronous detection or other types of processing of echo signals. The voltage from the inverse output of the second D-flip-flop is supplied to one of the inputs of the second logic element 2I, the voltage is removed from the output of the D-flip-flop and represents a video pulse, the beginning and end of which will be tied to a signal with a frequency f ₀ . At the outputs of the logic elements, packets of antiphase pulsed signals are formed that are fed to the inputs of a power amplifier operating in class D, and from its output a probing signal with a constant initial phase is fed to an acoustic transducer.

However, the indicated probe signal generator is inherently inadequate due to the fact that antiphase video pulses following one after another without time intervals are supplied to the inputs of the power amplifier. This leads to the appearance of through currents in the active elements of power amplifiers, commensurate with the maximum permissible or exceeding their values, which entails the failure of the active elements of the power amplifier. To prevent such phenomena, additional units are often installed at the inputs of power amplifiers, shortening the input video pulses, performing the so-called pulse spreading (see Pavlov V.N., Nogin V.N. Circuitry of analog electronic devices. - M. Radio and communication. 1997.320 s.). However, the use of such blocks leads to a complication of the design of power amplifiers and a decrease in the duration of pulse signals by a constant value, which entails a change in the duty cycle of the pulses, and as a result, the spectrum of the probe signal (see Moin V.S. Stabilized transistor converters. - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1986. 376 c).

In FIG. Figure 1 shows the levels of the seven harmonics of the probe signal depending on the values of γ = 2t _and / T, where T is the period of high-frequency filling of the probe signal, t _and is the duration of bipolar pulses. The graph of K _g shows the harmonic coefficient, defined as the ratio of the effective value of the higher harmonics of the signal U _n to the effective value of its first (main) harmonic U ₁ , i.e.

As can be seen from the graph, the minimum value of the harmonic coefficient K _g = 29%. corresponds to the value γ = 0.74. Therefore, to obtain a sounding signal with the least distortion, it is desirable to apply to the acoustic transducer a sounding signal with a constant value of γ approximately equal to 0.74, which is not implemented in known devices.

Common features that match the features of the claimed utility model are: a synchronizer, a waiting multivibrator, a D-flip-flop, two 2I logic elements and a power amplifier.

The main objective of the claimed utility model is to create a generator that allows with high reliability to generate sounding signals.

At the same time, the operational and functional capabilities of the echo-location system using the inventive probe signal generator are expanded. The technical result of the claimed utility model is to increase reliability.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the generator of sounding signals containing a synchronizer and a pulse generator connected to the D-input of the D-trigger, the output of which is connected to one of the inputs of the key, the output connected to one of the inputs of the power amplifier, an additional code converter, generator video pulses and a code generator connected to a code converter, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the video pulses generator and the C-input of the D-flip-flop, and the outputs of the video pulses generator are connected to others in key moves.

It is rational to perform the key in the probe signal generator mainly in the form of two logic elements 2I, the first inputs of which are connected to the output of the D-trigger, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the power amplifier.

It is recommended that in the probe signal generator, the code generator be performed primarily in the form of a pulse generator and a counter, while the pulse generator is connected to the counter input, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the code converter.

Optimally, in the probe signal generator, the code converter is predominantly implemented as a decoder, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the code generator, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the video pulse generator.

It is rational in the probe signal generator to perform the video pulse generator mainly in the form of four OR gates, with the first or fourth outputs of the code converter connected to the inputs of the first four-input OR gate, the third or sixth with the inputs of the second four-input OR gate, the first or third with the inputs of the third three-input OR gate, fifth to seventh with inputs of the fourth three-input logic gate OR, the first output is also connected to the control input D flip-flop; the output of the third OR gate is connected to one of the key inputs, and the output of the fourth OR gate is connected to the second key input.

It is optimal to use a class D power amplifier as a power amplifier in a probe signal generator.

Improving the reliability of the inventive probe signal generator is achieved by eliminating the possibility of through currents in the active elements of the power amplifier by introducing a time delay between the antiphase control signals formed by the code generator, code converter and video pulse generator.

The expansion of the operational capabilities of the echo-location system using the inventive probe signal generator is achieved by the presence of two reference signals shifted by 90 ° in phase with a frequency equal to the frequency of the probe signal generated by the code generator, code converter, and video pulse generator.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

in FIG. 1 shows a graph of harmonics levels one through seven, depending on the value of γ;

in FIG. 2 shows a functional diagram of a device;

in FIG. Figure 3 shows stress plots at its various points.

The inventive probe signal generator (Fig. 2) contains a synchronizer 1 connected through a pulse generator 2 to the D-input of the D-trigger 3, the output of which is connected to the first input of the key 4, connected to the input of the power amplifier 5. The code generator 6 is connected by lines to the converter codes 7, the output lines of which are connected to the C-input of the D-flip-flop 3 and the video pulse generator 8, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the key 4. The synchronizer 1 is a generator of periodically repeating rectangular pulses that trigger them pulse generator 2, in one embodiment implemented as a standby multivibrator. The key 4, which controls the active elements of the power amplifier 5, is made in the form of two logic elements 4 and 5, the first inputs of which are connected to the output of the D-trigger 3, and the second inputs are connected to the first two outputs of the video pulse generator 8. Code generator 6 is made in the form of a generator pulses 11 connected to the counting input of the counter 12, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the code converter 7, which is a decoder, the output lines of which are connected to the inputs of the video pulse generator 8, consisting of two three-input 13, 14 and two hours Four-input 15, 16 logic elements OR. The first-fourth outputs of the decoder are connected to the inputs of the first four-input logic element OR 15, the third to sixth with the inputs of the second four-input logic element OR 16, the first-third with the inputs of the third three-input logic element OR 13, the fifth-seventh with the inputs of the fourth three-input logic element OR 14 , the first output is also connected to the control input of the D-trigger 3. The output of the third logical element OR 13 is connected to the second input of the first logical element AND 9, and the output of the fourth logical element OR 14 is connected to a second input of the second AND gate 10.

The probe signal generator operates as follows.

The synchronizer 1 generates periodically repeating video pulses U1 (Fig. 3), which are input to the standby multivibrator 2, the output of which produces a video pulse U2, which determines the duration of the generated probing signal. This video pulse is fed to the D-input of the D-trigger 3. Pulse generator 11 generates pulses U3 with a frequency eight times greater than the frequency of the high-frequency filling of the probe signal, which are fed to the counter input of counter 12. From the outputs of counter 12, the digital word U4 is fed to the inputs a decoder 7, at the outputs of which U5 signals are generated, corresponding to the value of the decrypted digital word, and having a high active level. Further work is considered for the case of using a three-digit binary counter 12. In this case, the decoder 7 has eight outputs. Signals U5, taken from the first to fourth outputs of the decoder are fed to the inputs of the first four-input logic element OR 15, and signals U5, taken from the third to sixth outputs of the decoder are fed to the inputs of the second four-input logic element OR 16. In elements OR 15, 16, the incoming signals U5 and at the outputs of the elements signals U6 and U7 are formed, phase shifted by 90 ° with a frequency equal to the frequency of the probing signal. These signals are then sent to the receiving path of the locator and are used for synchronous detection and other types of processing of echo signals.

The signals U5, taken from the first-third outputs of the decoder, go to the inputs of the third three-input logic element OR 13, and from the fifth to seventh - to the inputs of the fourth three-input logic element OR 14. From the output of the third logic element OR 13, the signal U8 is fed to the second input of the first the logical element And 9, and the output of the fourth logical element OR 14, the signal U9 is fed to the second input of the second logical element And 10. The signals U8 and U9 are a sequence of video pulses with durations of approximately 0.375 per ode of the probing signal, and with pauses between them approximately 0.125 periods.

From the first output of the decoder 7, the signal U5 is also supplied to the control input of the D-trigger and, with its leading edge, writes a logical unit to the trigger when a video pulse U2 is applied to the D-input of the trigger. Thus, the beginning and end of the video pulse U10 generated at the output of the D-trigger 3 will correspond to the same phase of the probe signal. This video pulse U10 enters the second inputs of the logical elements And 9 and 10 and allows the signals U8 and U9 to pass through these elements. At the outputs of logic elements 9 and 10, packets of antiphase pulse signals U11 and U12 are formed with pauses between them. These signals are fed to the inputs of a power amplifier 5 and alternately open its active elements, as a result of which a probing signal U13 with a constant initial phase is generated, which is fed to an acoustic transducer (not shown in the figures). The power amplifier 5 operates in mode D with low electrical loss on the active elements of the amplifier. The spread between the amplified signals U11 U12 prevents the appearance of through currents in the active elements of the amplifier, and the magnitude of the expansion corresponds to the minimum value of the higher harmonic components of the signal. The signal in U13 radio pulses will always begin and end with the same phase, which ensures the formation of sounding signals with a constant initial and final phase. The signal U10 will correspond to the beginning and end of the probing signal U13 and is then used as a synchronization pulse, temporarily linking the operating cycles of all blocks of the echo-pulse locator. The parameters of the probe signal in this generator are easily adjustable. The repetition period will be equal to the period of the clock pulses U3, the duration is determined by the duration of the video pulse U2, and the filling frequency is determined by the frequency of the signal U3.

Thus, in the inventive generator, as a result of the introduction of new blocks and connections, the reliability of the probe generator is increased by eliminating the possibility of through currents in the active elements of the power amplifier, which is provided by the introduction of a time delay between the antiphase control signals and the operational capabilities of the echo-location are significantly expanded a system using the inventive probe signal generator with two 90 ° phase-shifted reference signals with often the sounding signal.

Implementation of the proposed probe signal generator is not difficult. In one embodiment, the synchronizer 1 can be performed on the elements of the K561LN2 chip, the waiting multivibrator 2 and the D-trigger 3 on the K561TM2 chip, the counter 12 and the decoder 7 on the K561IE9 chip, digital elements OR 13, 14, 15, 16 and elements 9, 10 - on microcircuits K1533LL1 and K1533LI1. The power amplifier 5 can be performed, for example, according to circuits described quite fully in (Pavlov V.N., Nogin V.N. Circuitry of analog electronic devices. - M. Radio and communications. 1997. 320 p., Kibakin V. M. Fundamentals of the theory and calculation of transistor low-frequency power amplifiers. - M. Energy. 1969. 280 p.). Signals U1 and U3 can be generated by separate generators or, for example, by a microprocessor system. Tests of locators using the proposed probe signal generator have shown their advantage over existing implementations.

The inventive utility model allows you to create a probe signal generator with high reliability and advanced operational capabilities.

Claims (5)

1. A probe signal generator comprising a synchronizer and a pulse generator connected to the D-input of a D-trigger, the output of which is connected to one of the key inputs, the output connected to one of the inputs of the power amplifier, characterized in that a code converter is additionally introduced into it, a video pulse generator and a code generator connected to a code converter, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the video pulse generator and the C-input of the D-trigger, and the outputs of the video pulse generator are connected to other key inputs. 2. The probe signal generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the key is made in the form of two logical elements 2I, the first inputs of which are connected to the output of the D-trigger, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the power amplifier. 3. The probe signal generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the code generator is made in the form of a pulse generator and a counter, while the pulse generator is connected to the counter input, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the code converter. 4. The probe signal generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the code converter is designed as a decoder, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the code generator, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the video pulse generator. 5. The probe signal generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the video pulse generator is made in the form of four OR gates, the first and fourth outputs of the code converter connected to the inputs of the first four-input OR gate, the third to the sixth with the inputs of the second four-input OR gate , the first is the third with the inputs of the third three-input logic element OR, the fifth is the seventh with the inputs of the fourth three-input logic element OR, the first output is also connected to the control input D-flip-flop; the output of the third OR gate is connected to one of the key inputs, and the output of the fourth OR gate is connected to the second key input.

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