RU138807U1 - ATMOSPHERE RADIO SOUNDING SYSTEM WITH PACKAGE METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION TRANSMISSION - Google Patents

Abstract

An aerological radiosonde with packet information containing the aerologic radiosonde itself — ARZ, characterized in that a preflight training unit consisting of a preflight training unit and a control unit for recording and recording ARZ parameters with the following connections is introduced into the ARZ with the following connections: ARZ preflight preparation unit through the control unit and ARZ parameter records are connected by a bi-directional bus M1 with inputs of the ARZ microcontroller; preflight training unit is made by a separate construct and connected to ARZ; and the ARZ transceiver is designed according to a super-regenerator circuit and includes serially connected: a generator and a super-voltage modulator, an auto bias circuit and a microwave oscillator loaded on the antenna.

Description

The utility model relates to radio engineering and can be used in the modernization and development of new radiosonde (SR) systems with accelerated transmission of telemetric information from an aerological radiosonde (ARZ) to a ground-based radar station.

A common problem in the design and operation of SRs is the creation of high-precision ARZ coordinate measurement systems, low-cost ARZ constructs that provide measurement with minimal error of atmospheric meteorological parameters (MPA), reliable transmission of telemetry information from the ARZ to the ground radar within the operational radius of the ARZ-radar system. An independent problem in the creation and operation of SRs is to ensure reliable and accurate transmission of telemetry information about MPA from the ARZ to the radar in conditions of fading of the radiosonde signal due to its swinging and uneven antenna pattern.

Domestic atmospheric radiosounding (SR) systems are constructed using the goniometer-range measuring method for measuring coordinates, velocity and direction of radiosonde movement in a free atmosphere. The measurement of the angular coordinates: - azimuth (β), elevation angle (ε), and also inclined range (R _n ) is carried out by a radio-pulse method with an active response. Especially effective was the use of super-regenerative transceiver-transponders (SPP) in the composition of radiosondes. Intensive SPP radiation provides reliable transmission of telemetric information and tracking along angular coordinates. The high sensitivity of the SPP to the radio pulse interrogation signal makes it possible to generate a range response signal in the form of a short pause in the radiation of the interferometer with a reduced transmitter power of the interrogation radar pulses. Ultimately, it turns out to be very important that the coordinate determination system and the telemetry information transmission channel of the radio sounding system operate at the same carrier frequency (see V.I. Ermakov et al. "Atmospheric Sensing Systems", Gidrometeoizdat, 1977, p. 247-249).

The known atmospheric radiosounding system of the radar type "Meteorite-RKZ" operating in the frequency range 1780 MHz (see Ermakov V.I., Kuzenkov A.F., Yurmanov V.A. Atmospheric sounding systems. L .: Gidrometizdat, 1977. 304 s. .; The RKZ-type tube radio probe is equipped with a super-regenerative transceiver (SPP), which, together with the Meteorite ground-based radar, provides measurement of angular coordinates, oblique range from the requested radio pulse and transmission of meteorological information to the radar, which is carried out by amplitude manipulation . Ii CPR radiation telemetry signal type Advantage CP "meteorite-RHM" is a complete autonomy of operation, low cost measurement of MPA in the operational range of up to 250 km - PROTOTYPE.

The disadvantage of the system is its low noise immunity during amplitude modulation by the telemetry signal of the SPP radiation, the long transmission interval of the meteorological information cycle (telemetry frequency cycle of the ARZ measuring transducer) for 20 seconds, which reduces the reliability and accuracy of MPA measurements under conditions of ARZ signal fading when it swings .

The technical task of the proposed utility model is to drastically reduce the transmission time of meteorological information from the ARZ to the receiving radar with an increase in overall reliability, i.e. reliability of the transmitted information.

Known SRs that are in operation on the aerological network of Roshydromet radar type AVK-1, MARL, "Vector-M" operate in conjunction with radiosondes type MRZ-3. The telemetry information in the ARZ is formed in the form of video pulses of a secondary measuring transducer (measuring generator), to which the resistance of the reference (calibration) resistor, temperature sensor and humidity sensor are connected in series. ARP transmits the IPA during one cycle, whose duration is T _p = 20 sec., 1. During this time interval, sequentially for 5 sec. Channel frequencies are transmitted: the frequency of the reference (calibration) channel with a period T _op = 0.7 ms and the frequencies of the telemetric (measuring) channels of temperature and humidity, the periods of which vary depending on the state of the sensors within T _t = 0.8-60.0 ms, T _u = 0.8-10.0 ms The frequency transmission of each channel occurs within 5 seconds. Information about the MPA is contained in the Y-parameter equal to the ratio of the period of the reference frequency T _op respectively to the periods of telemetric frequencies T _t , T _u :

Processing and issuing of meteorological information is carried out in a ground-based radar computer by calculating temperature and humidity from the values of the received periods T _op , T _t , T _u , known calibration coefficients of the ARZ measuring transducer and sensors with a cycle of 20 sec. With this method of transmitting telemetric information, the following problems arise:

- a large time interval for obtaining meteorological information (20 sec) creates the problem of its stable reception during signal fading at large distances of the radiosonde, since the signal fading interval is usually about 2-5 seconds. The appearance of at least one signal fading in a cycle (within 20 seconds) of information transfer does not allow calculating the Y-parameters and obtaining the measurement result.

- another problem arises when the frequency of telemetric signals caused by spurious amplitude modulation of the radiation of the ARZ transmitter falls into the passband of the radar automation channel of the radar and the stability of the ARZ auto-tracking along angular coordinates is disturbed.

- the third problem is associated with restrictions in existing SRs on the maximum period of the telemetric frequencies of the ARZ measuring transducer (IP) equal to T _{ph. max} = 60.0 ms The period of the telemetric frequencies of the SP is determined by the resistance of the corresponding ARZ sensor. This limitation does not allow the use of modern temperature sensors with a small time constant based on bead thermistors with high resistance (of the order of 2-4 MΩ) at low temperatures of the order of minus 80-90 ° C, because the period of telemetric frequencies in this case, the IP significantly exceeds the permissible value of T _{tel. max} = 60.0 ms and ground radar is not processed.

- additional difficulties arise when receiving a pulsed telemetric signal in the radar receiver when the period of video pulses changes within a significant range of T _bodies = 1.5-60.0 ms, since their duty cycle is changed, the constant component of the signal is tens of times, which complicates the operation of the threshold device of the meter pulse period.

The technical result of the proposed solution is:

- improving the reliability of telemetric information transmitted from the aircraft to the ground radar;

- improving the accuracy of measuring coordinate telemetry information (CTI) transmitted from the ARZ to the ground radar;

- obtaining new characteristics of the measured atmospheric parameters, for example, atmospheric turbulence;

- and most importantly, this is a significant reduction in the time of transmission of MPA from the ARZ, i.e. the number of MPA measurements per unit time increases sharply ..

To solve this problem, an aerological radiosonde system with packet data transmission is proposed that contains the aerological radiosonde itself — ARZ and the ARZ pre-flight preparation unit, consisting of the pre-flight preparation console and the ARZ parameters monitoring and recording unit with the following connections: ARZ pre-flight preparation console through the monitoring and recording unit ARZ parameters are connected by a bidirectional M1 bus with the inputs of the ARZ microcontroller; the preflight preparation unit is made by a separate construct and connected to the upper-air radio probe for the time of entering the packet information format; it can also be decided programmatically in the ARZ microcontroller at the request of the customer; The upper-air radiosonde transceiver is designed according to a super-regenerator circuit and includes serially connected: a generator and a super-voltage modulator, an auto bias circuit and a microwave oscillator loaded on the antenna.

Figure 1 shows the structural diagram of the aerological radiosonde with a batch method for transmitting telemetric information, which shows:

1 - meteorological parameters of the atmosphere (MPA), namely: temperature, pressure, humidity, etc .; 2 - aerological digital radiosonde (ARZ); 3 - block of primary and secondary converters MPA (BPVP); 4 - microcontroller ARZ (MK); 5 - interface device; 6 - calculator; 7 - shaper and modulator of the super-voltage super-regenerative transceiver (SPP); 8 - auto-bias circuit (AC); 9 - microwave oscillator SPP; 10 - block preflight training (BPP) ARZ; 11 - control unit and recording parameters ARZ; 12 - pre-flight training console (IFR); 13 - ground radar.

ARZ 2 as a whole in FIG. 1 has the following compounds. The meteorological parameters of the atmosphere MPA1 are connected to the weather inputs of ARZ 2, the output of which through the antenna A1 via a radio channel is connected to the antenna A2 of the radar13; the pre-flight preparation unit ARZ 10 comprises a pre-flight preparation unit 12, which is connected to the calculator and shaper PTI 6 ARZ 2 through the control unit and recording parameters of the ARZ 11 with a bi-directional bus M1; ARZ 2 weather inputs are connected to the MPAZ primary and secondary converters block, the outputs of which through the interface device 5 are connected to the calculator and shaper PPI6, the output of which is through SPP4, then through the AS SPP8 and SHF-AG SPP9 circuits are connected to the A1 antenna, which is the ARZ output 2.

Figure 2 shows timing diagrams explaining the principle of transmitting telemetric information in a serial SR type AVK-MP3. Figure 1 shows the complete time cycle T _c of the measuring generator of the MRZ-3 radiosonde, including the time intervals of the reference channel T _op , the temperature channel T _t , the humidity channel T _u , the pressure channel T _{d of the} serial CP type AVK-MRZ.

Figure 3 shows a fragment of the structure of the digital package of telemetric information ARZ.

Figure 4 shows the structure of the information package.

The specified nodes and blocks of the SR can be performed on the following elements: temperature and humidity sensors 3 can be performed, for example, according to the patents of the Russian Federation No. 2162238, No. 2162239, No. 2242752; pressure sensor 3 can be performed on the basis of MR sensors; see CATALOG of MOTOROLA company, 2007; a measuring transducer can be implemented according to patent No. 54462;

the interface device 5, the calculator and former of the PTI 6, the generator and modulator of the supervising voltage SPP 9 can be performed on the microcontroller MK 4, which can be implemented, for example, on microcircuits of the LPC2101FBD48 family, see ARM7 microcontrollers. Per. from English - M .: "Dodeca-XXI", 2006 .; auto-bias circuit AS SPP 8, Microwave-AG SPP 7, antenna A1 can be made according to the materials of Russian patents No. 2172965, No. 2214614, No. 2470323, patents for utility models No. 50682, No. 49283, No. 56001; standard aerological radar 13 can be used of the type AVK-1, MARL, "Vector-M" (see Ivanov V.E., Fridzon MB, Yesyak SP "Radio sounding of the atmosphere.

The proposed aerological radiosonde with packet transmission of telemetric information works as follows.

At the inlet of the SR, the meteorological parameters of the atmosphere (MPA) 1: temperature, humidity, pressure. The ARZ 2 aerological radiosonde includes: a block of primary (sensors) and secondary (measuring) transducers MPA 3, a microcontroller ARZ MK 4, which accordingly includes an interface device 5, a transmitter and a shaper of packet telemetry information (PTI) 6, a shaper, and SPP 9 supervising voltage modulator; SPP includes the autoset circuit AC SPP 8, the microwave autogenerator SHF-AG SPP 7 and the transceiver antenna A1. The structure of the pre-flight preparation device for SCP-ARZ 10 includes a control unit for recording and recording the parameters of the ARZ 11 and a pre-flight preparation console for the ARZ 12.

Preflight preparation unit 10 is designed to enter information on the primary parameters of the ARZ (operating frequency of the transmitter, calibration coefficients of the sensors) and control its operation before launch. Using the ARZ 12 preflight preparation console, the ARZ parameters monitoring and recording unit, information is downloaded via the RS-232 type I / O interface to the MK 4 microcontroller of the ARZ 2 radiosonde. Meteorological atmospheric parameters MPA 1, for example, temperature, humidity, pressure, affect the primary unit (sensors) and secondary (measuring) transducers ARZ 3, the output electrical signals of which in the form of a voltage level, frequency or duration of video pulses are fed to the input of the interface device 5, the output of which is in the form The digital code is supplied to a calculator and a generator packet telemetry information (PTI) 6 microcontroller 4. The calculator 6 occurs statistical processing telemetry data obtained from each sensor during a measurement cycle of 2 seconds. Each measurement cycle provides within 2 seconds the determination of all MPA. Next, in the processor MK 4 is formed a digital packet of telemetric information, figure 2. A number of overhead information is introduced into the packet structure, which ensures synchronization of telemetric channels within the packet and synchronization of the current packet stream, which is then fed to the input of the ARP. The SPP contains a generator and a modulator of a super-voltage 9, an auto-bias circuit 8, a microwave oscillator, and a transceiver antenna A1.

The generator and modulator of the supervising voltage are implemented in the structure of MK 4, their parameters are regulated by software. The principle of operation of the SPP and methods for modulating its radiation are described in detail in RF patents No. 2172965, No. 2214614, No. 2470323, utility patents No. 50682, No. 49283, No. 56001.

The signal emitted by ARZ 2 containing telemetry information in a packet form is received by the antenna A2 of the radar 13.

To ensure the necessary accuracy of converting telemetric information, generating the exact time of the radiosonde operation cycles, stabilizing the super-power (subcarrier) frequency of the SPP and the magnitude of its modulation, synchronizing signals in ARZ 2, the MK 4 microcontroller is used. When using the MK 4 processor, all necessary functions are programmed to work radiosonde. MK 4 programming, input-output of technological information during the production and operation of ARZ is carried out via the RS-232 serial interface. The use of MC in an aerological radiosonde allows implementing modern more effective methods of modulating the parameters of the subcarrier frequency, for example, binary frequency (PFM) and phase (PIM) pulse modulation of the superficial frequency (BPSK). The implementation of the PFM and PIM superficial frequency using MK is carried out programmatically. In this case, the reception and demodulation of the telemetric signal of the ground-based radar is much easier. the reference signal necessary for the normal operation of the frequency or phase detector in the telemetry channel of the radar receiver is quite simply synchronized with a stable frequency of superimposing pulses. The most important task of MK 4 is the formation of a batch mode for transmitting telemetric information. Packets are transmitted in one-way (simplex) mode from a radiosonde to an aerological complex. Bit information is transmitted by the well-known method of pulse frequency modulation (PFM) subcarrier (superimposed) frequency SPP.

Since the information frequency band of coordinate-telemetric information does not exceed ΔF <0.5 Hz [1], its updating is carried out at a rate of at least once every two seconds. The redundancy introduced into the radio channel makes it possible to correct individual bit errors that may occur due to interference and to duplicate packets repeatedly to combat signal fading (mainly due to spatial oscillations of the ARZ). The data transfer rate in the channel is 2.4 kbps. The bit encoding method is a self-synchronizing type code - Manchester 2. The packet is transmitted unchanged for 2 seconds. At the end of the transfer of the current packet, immediately begins the transfer of a new packet. There are no temporary pauses between packets. The package consists of two parts. The first part is the rapidly changing information. The second part is additional information, which is transmitted much less frequently.

The parameter number and its value are always transmitted. The structure of one of the options for the information packet transmitted by the ARZ is shown in FIG. 3. The total packet length is 30 bytes × 8 = 240 bits. For a transmission speed of 2400 bps, this means that 20 identical packets are transmitted in 2 seconds. Thus, telemetric information in a packet is transmitted 200 times faster than in the known mode. Such redundancy eliminates the need for error-correcting coding. Error bit recovery is performed by correlation analysis of several adjacent packets. The telemetry channel data is transmitted in the packet body, this is the primary measurement data (temperature, humidity, pressure, etc.), and additional auxiliary data in the backup channel. It is important to note that the batch method of transmitting information from the radiosonde allows using any type of meteorological sensors as primary transducers that meet the requirements for the accuracy of calibration of the static conversion characteristic (SHP), safety, and dynamic parameters.

Thus, the use of packet transmission of telemetric information in radar SR allows you to:

- reduce the duration of the information transfer cycle to 1-2 seconds, thereby increasing the reliability of receiving telemetric information in conditions of strong fading ARZ signal;

- reduce the level of parasitic amplitude modulation (PAM) of the ARZ signal due to the more uniform character of the IPR and increase the stability of automatic ARZ tracking in angular coordinates.

- remove restrictions on the duration of the periods of the ARZ measuring transducer and expand the possibility of using various types of MPA sensors.

Thus, when using the package method proposed in the application materials for transmitting telemetry information from the ARZ to the ground-based radar, the above-mentioned shortcomings of serial SRs are eliminated, which, ultimately, significantly increases the operational characteristics of the domestic SR.

Claims (1)

An aerological radiosonde with packet information containing the aerologic radiosonde itself — ARZ, characterized in that a preflight training unit consisting of a preflight training unit and a control unit for recording and recording ARZ parameters with the following connections is introduced into the ARZ with the following connections: ARZ preflight preparation unit through the control unit and ARZ parameter records are connected by a bi-directional bus M1 with inputs of the ARZ microcontroller; preflight training unit is made by a separate construct and connected to ARZ; and the ARZ transceiver is designed according to a super-regenerator circuit and includes serially connected: a driver and a modulator of a supervising voltage, an auto-bias circuit, and a microwave oscillator loaded on the antenna.

Images