RU117145U1 - HEAT AND GAS-GENERATOR INSTALLATION (INSTALLATION OF ARAKELYAN G.G.) - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to turbogenerator units - devices for producing hydrogen-containing gaseous fuels. The turbine generator set is made in the form of two cylindrical pipes inserted into each other with a gap forming a technological cylinder divided into insulated stages, the first stage is made with an additional independent induction heat source to start the system, the second stage of the technological cylinder is made with an injection-type mixer, the capacity of the inner pipe forms a fire chamber for forming a fire torch for heating a process cylinder in which multi-stage heating is carried out components and mixtures, and heating the mixture in subsequent stages until a hydrogen-containing gaseous fuel is formed, a burner system with an ignition device with a spark pulsed ignition source is installed at the input of the fire chamber, a working burner, a start-up burner, an element of forming the working torch in the form of a constricting flame is installed at the output of the fire chamber devices. The device provides stability and safety of processes for producing hydrogen-containing gaseous fuel, aimed at reducing the energy intensity and consumption of the hydrocarbon component in the fuel. 5 p.p., 1 n.p., 6 ill., 1 tab.

Description

1. The technical field

The utility model relates to energy-saving technologies, mainly to methods and installations for converting H20 water to a hydrogen-containing gas in a combination of a catalyst medium from the SpNgp + 2 series (diesel fuel, fuel oil) in a continuous thermal fire medium at a combustion temperature above 500 ° C. Such installations relate to systems in which the production of gaseous fuel and its sale by combustion are combined in a single cycle, but can also be used for the accumulation of hydrogen-containing gas fuel.

2. The prior art.

Known gas generator for the production of energy, comprising a housing with an external and internal structure, the space between which is used for technological needs, the gas generator has a combustion chamber, a heating chamber for generating gas, a steam generation chamber. (RU Pat No. 23033203, IPC C10J 3/86, 2006)

A known installation for the conversion of hydrocarbons, including the supply line of hydrocarbons, a heat exchanger for heating the vapor-gas mixture (RU Pat No. 21244928, IPC С01В 3 / 86,1998)

The disadvantage of these devices is the inability in devices to implement a special technology for multistage production of hydrogen-containing gaseous fuels according to the method of G. Arakelyan

Also known, accepted by the applicant for the closest analogue "turbogenerator" (RU Pat. No. 2269486, 2006). The known device has the same purpose as the claimed technical solution, while the known device implements: sequential execution of operations combined in a single closed cycle, including starting the process in forced heating mode and performing the self-heating process in the normal self-heating mode, including mixing the hydrocarbon component and water , their introduction by injection under pressure, heating, fuel return and ignition.

The known installation is made in the form of a single device having a complex multi-link housing, includes a burner system, a fire chamber, a device for mixing components, an ignition pulse device, pipelines and a start-up system including a start-up burner with a supply of combustible fuel.

A disadvantage of the known solution is that the primary mixing in the liquid phase of water and the hydrocarbon component is carried out at normal (20 degrees) temperature of the components, which does not ensure the stability of the dispersed composition of the mixture, which is subsequently sent to heat to obtain fuel. From the moment the mixing effect ceases (i.e., from the moment the mixture is supplied to heating), the reverse process begins - the mixture is stratified due to different densities of water and the hydrocarbon component. The latter leads to heterogeneity of the mixture in disperse composition. Upon subsequent heating of the mixture, its inhomogeneity in temperature is also observed. These inhomogeneities are retained in the final product — the fuel mixture sent for ignition of the torch — they cause instability of the torch burning, which is caused, on the one hand, by the formation of local foci (in composition) of the non-combustible mixture in the mixture, which causes the ignition to fail and the torch to die out (which is typical for heavy hydrocarbon components), on the other hand, the composition of the mixture of local foci (in composition) of rapid burning, which causes unauthorized outbreaks of rapid burning in the flame of the torch, the occurrence of detonation phenomena, which is characteristic of light hydrocarbon components.

3. The essence of the utility model

3.1. The result of solving a technical problem

The technical task is to eliminate the disadvantages inherent in the known technical solution, ensuring the stability of the processes for producing hydrogen-containing gaseous fuel, reducing the energy intensity and consumption of the hydrocarbon component.

EFFECT: obtaining a homogeneous phase state of the mixture in the process of producing fuel to ensure stability and constancy of the fire process flame of burning and burning of the working torch, intensification of the heating mode, as well as an increased level of safety in the production of hydrogen-containing fuel, including by reducing the consumption of the hydrocarbon component.

The solution of this technical problem is provided by a device that provides for a multi-stage process for producing fuel, each stage of which corresponds to the safest, most stable and uniform phase state of components and mixtures by changing the directions of technological flows with separation of the input of the hydrocarbon component and water and mixing the hydrocarbon component with water in the changed phase state last one.

3.2. List of drawings

In FIG. 1 presents a diagram of a three-stage heat and gas generator; in FIG. 2 is a section I-I in FIG. one; FIG. 3 is a section II-II in FIG. one; figure 4 - Scheme of the mixer injector type; in FIG. 5 - Thermal temperature conditions in the process cylinder, in FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an algorithm for implementing a special method by a device: a) a generalized block diagram of an algorithm, b) a detail of a block diagram with basic elements;

where 1 is the supply tank for water; 2 - flow rate for the hydrocarbon component With _n H _{2n + 2} ; 3 - working burner; 4 - start-up burner; 5 - an external independent source-generator with a spark pulsed ignition device; 6 - turbocharging device; 7 - induction (contact) heater for starting a turbogenerator; 8 - injector type mixer; 9 - fire chamber; 10 - the first stage of the technological cylinder; 11 - the second stage of the technological cylinder, 12 - the third stage of the technological cylinder; 13 - zone of ignition, ignition and formation of a fire torch; 14 - zone of technological combustion of a fire torch; 15 - a device for forming a working torch; 16 - zone of the working torch; 17 - technological pipeline for supplying water by injection from a supply tank (I) into the first stage (10) of the technological cylinder; 18 is a process pipe for supplying a hydrocarbon component With _n H _{2n + 2 by} injection from a supply tank (2) into an injector type mixer (8); 19 is a process pipe for supplying steam from the first stage (10) of the process cylinder to the injector type mixer (8); 20 - a process pipeline for supplying a steam-hydrocarbon mixture from a mixer (8) to the second stage (11) of the process cylinder; 21 is a process pipe for supplying a steam-hydrocarbon mixture from a second stage (II) of a technological cylinder to a third stage (12) of a technological cylinder; 22 - technological pipeline for supplying a steam-hydrocarbon mixture of a mixture from the second stage (11) of the technological cylinder to the start-up burner (4) (returning fuel in forced heating mode), 23 - technological pipeline for supplying fuel of their third stage (12) of the technological pipeline to the working burner (3 ) (return of fuel in the normal mode of self-heating; 24 - the fuel intake pipe to the external consumer; 25 - the control valve; 26 - the place of loading water into the supply tank (1); 27 - the place of loading of hydrocarbon fuel into the supply tank e bone (2); 28 - devices that control the pressure and pressure on technological pipelines, 29 - steam formation, 30 - formation of a fire torch, 31 - mixing and heating of the steam-hydrocarbon mixture, 32 - the process of heating the steam-hydrocarbon mixture to obtain fuel, 33 - the inner cylinder a gas and gas generator; 34 - the outer cylinder of a gas and gas generator; 35 - heating of the process cylinder; 36 - temperature dependence of the steps for a direct-fire chamber, 37 - temperature dependence of the steps for a fire chamber with guide means, 38 - narrowing device firing chamber, and - inlet for starting parouglevodorodnoy mixture from the second stage (II) the process cylinder; b - supply for starting the combustible mixture from an external source; c - supply for starting the hydrocarbon component;

3.3. Features

The heat and gas generator set, made in the form of a single device having a complex multi-link case, unlike the known device, has a complex case made in the form of two cylindrical pipes inserted into each other with a gap forming a process cylinder, divided into isolated stages of the process cylinder according to the number of stages of the preparation process fuel mixture, the fire chamber forms the capacity of the inner pipe with a constricting device, the mixing device is made in the form of an injector with by introducing water in the form of steam and introducing a hydrocarbon component, the output of the last stage of the process cylinder is connected by a pipeline to the input of the fire chamber, where a burner system is installed with an ignition device with a spark pulsed ignition source, a working burner, a launch burner, and a working formation element is installed at the output of the fire chamber torch in the form of a constricting device, the device is equipped with fuel tanks made in the form of sealed separate consumable containers for water and hydrocarbon Components.

In one embodiment, the device can be made in the form of a three-stage technological cylinder, in which the 1st stage implements the vaporization stage, is made with an independent induction heat source, the 2nd stage implements the stages of mixing the components and heating the vapor-gas mixture, the 3rd stage provides the stage heating to obtain a fuel mixture, while in the device a water supply tank is connected by a pipeline to the input of the 1st stage of the process cylinder, the output of which is connected by a pipe to the first input of the injector, the second input of the injector is connected by a pipeline to the flow rate of the hydrocarbon component, the output of the injector is connected by a pipe to the 2nd stage of the process cylinder, connected by a pipeline to the third stage of the technological cylinder.

The ratio of the radii of the pipes forming the process cylinder for preparing the fuel mixture can be:

0.3> (r2 / R1)> 0.1;

where R1 is the outer diameter of the inner pipe,

r2 is the inner diameter of the outer pipe,

the ratio of the minimum radius of the constriction device installed in the middle of the fire chamber to the radius of the direct-flow section of the cylinder of the fire chamber is r3 / r1 = (0.9-0.8),

where r1 is the minimum radius of the constricting device,

r3 is the radius of the direct-flow section of the cylinder of the fire chamber,

At the inlet of the turbine burner system, a turbocharging device can be installed; it is advisable to maintain a constant overpressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa in the supply tanks.

3.4. Installation Description

The installation is made in the form of a single device having a complex multi-link housing, includes a burner system (30), a fire chamber (9), an injector type device for mixing components (8), an ignition pulse device (5), pipelines and a start-up system including a start-up burner (4) with the supply of combustible fuel (a, b or c).

The casing is made unified in the form of two cylindrical pipes inserted into each other (33, 34) with a gap forming a process cylinder. The technological cylinder is heated by a fire torch and divided into hermetically isolated stages (10, 11, 12) - according to the number of stages of the fuel mixture preparation process, the first stage (10) of the device corresponds to the vaporization stage and is equipped with an independent induction heat source (7) for the start-up process, the second stage - corresponding to the stage of mixing the components and heating the vapor-gas mixture includes a stage 11 of the process cylinder and an injector type mixer (8) and the third stage (12) serves to finish nogo reheating the mixture and obtain fuel. The capacity of the inner pipe (9) with an inner diameter r1 forms a fire chamber for the formation of a fire torch (13, 14) for heating the process cylinder. The device for mixing (8) the 2nd stage is made in the form of an injector with a separate input (19) of water in the form of steam and an input (18) of a hydrocarbon component, the device is equipped with fuel tanks made in the form of sealed separate consumable containers for water (1) and hydrocarbon component (2), the supply tank (1) for water is connected by a pipe (17) to the inlet of the first stage of the process cylinder of the steam chamber (10), the output of the steam chamber is connected by a pipe to the first inlet of the injector, with the second input of which inena the supply capacity for the hydrocarbon component, the outlet of the injector is connected by a pipeline to the chamber (11) for heating the vapor-gas mixture, the chamber for heating the vapor-gas mixture (11) is connected by the pipeline (21) to the heating chamber (12) to form the fuel mixture, which is connected by the outlet to the pipeline (23) ) with the input of the fire chamber (9), where a turbine burner system with an ignition device with a spark pulse ignition source (5), a working burner (3), a start burner (4) is installed, an element element is installed at the output of the fire chamber Bani working torch (16) as a primary device (15).

To ensure sufficient heat transfer during heating, the ratio of the radii of the pipes forming the process cylinder for preparing the fuel mixture is:

0.3 <(r2 / R1)> 0.1;

where R1 is the outer diameter of the inner pipe,

r2 is the inner diameter of the outer pipe,

At the inlet of the turbine burner system, a turbocharger device (6) can be installed, and a constant overpressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa is maintained in the supply tanks (1, 2).

To stabilize the combustion processes in the fire chamber, the ratio of the minimum radius of the constricting device installed in the middle of the fire chamber to the radius of the direct-flow section of the cylinder of the fire chamber is r3 / r1 = (0.9-0.8),

where r1 is the minimum radius of the constricting device,

r3 is the radius of the direct-flow section of the cylinder of the fire chamber,

In consumable containers it is advisable to maintain a constant overpressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa.

In the graph of FIG. Figure 5 shows the temperature dependence in the technological cylinder by its stages, which characterizes the probability of more active heat exchange at the third stage due to the constricting device stabilizing the combustion process installed in the fire chamber, which can be explained by pressure redistribution in the fire chamber.

The device operates as follows

In the device, the multi-stage method for producing a hydrogen-containing gaseous fuel with a closed cycle is realized by separately introducing a hydrocarbon component and water, the water is heated to form water vapor, at the next stages the water vapor is mixed with a hydrocarbon component, then the steam-hydrocarbon mixture is additionally heated and heated to the temperature of formation of a hydrogen-containing gaseous fuel , which is sent to return for ignition and the formation of a fire torch.

The process of formation of water gas is a complex minimally two-stage process - at 500 ° C there is a complete decomposition into hydrogen and carbon dioxide (С + 2Н2O = 2Н2 + СО2), at 1000-1200 ° С decomposition into hydrogen and carbon monoxide (СО2 + С = 2СО ) If water is taken in a state of steam, then the decomposition of water vapor (C + H2O = CO + H2) is accompanied by heat loss, and therefore leads to cooling, and therefore, to compensate for heat loss, the temperature of the first heating stage should be higher, the final stage should not be less than 1300 ° C. The presence of a turbo-boost (by air, oxygen, or another additional oxidizing agent) makes it possible to obtain the so-called generator gas with a combustion temperature of the mixture of 1935 ° С with practically no ecologically harmful components at the outlet.

In FIG. 6 is presented in a flowchart of a method implemented by a device that includes forming a flame torch and providing process combustion (30) for heating the components and mixture (35).

To ensure the process and the technical task posed, separation of technological flows with a separate supply (17-18) of components (water (1) and hydrocarbon component (2)) is provided. Water is supplied for heating and vaporization (29) for the subsequent supply of steam (19) for mixing with the hydrocarbon component and the subsequent heating of the steam-hydrocarbon mixture (31), which already at this stage can be a combustible mixture. This mixture is used at the system startup stage (22). Then the mixture is sent to the subsequent stages (32) for additional heating (20-21). The resulting fuel is sent to the input of the system for ignition (23), and is also used to create a working torch at the outlet of the installation. The heating of the components and mixture (35) in the normal mode is carried out using a technological cylinder having several stages in the number of stages for implementing the method.

The device implements the dependence of H ₂ O + C _n H _{2n + 2} = N ₂ + CO ₂ in high-temperature multi-stage mode. The thermal capacity of carbon is best utilized in water gas. The vaporization of carbon water gas requires 8% of its own resources, while water gas consists mainly of CO (40-60%) and H2 (30-50%).

Components - water and a hydrocarbon component are loaded into sealed vessels (1, 2) at a constant pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa to ensure their uninterrupted supply to the system by injection through control valves (25). Download can be carried out both periodically as components are consumed, and continuously.

In the three-stage process adopted as the basis, at the first stage in the normal mode of self-heating, the water is heated to form superheated steam with a temperature of 500-550 ° C, in the start-up mode with forced heating - to a temperature of 450-500 ° C. The resulting superheated steam is sent for mixing with the hydrocarbon components. Mixing is provided by injection (8) of steam (Fig. 4). Then the carbon-vapor-hydrogen mixture is additionally heated in the second stage of the process cylinder (11) and in the third stage (12) it is heated to the temperature of gas fuel formation, which in the normal mode of self-heating is sent to return (23) for ignition and formation of a fire torch. In the start mode with forced heating (7), the steam-hydrocarbon mixture is sent (22) to ignition from the second stage (11).

In the normal mode of self-heating, the processes of formation of hydrogen-containing gaseous fuel can be carried out with heating in stages corresponding to the process of vaporization in the first stage, where water is injected by injection at a pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa and it is heated to form water vapor with a temperature of 500-550 ° C, corresponding to the process of mixing and further heating in the second stage, where the hydrocarbon component is introduced by injection into the mixer under pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa, it is mixed with water by injection of steam 0.06-0.25 MPa at a ratio of water to hydrocarbon component from 10.5: 1 to 8: 1 and the mixture is heated to a temperature of 1000-1100 ° C, in the third and subsequent stages, corresponding to the process of obtaining a hydrogen-containing gaseous fuel , the mixture is heated to a temperature of 1300-2000 ° C.

In the normal mode of self-heating, the ignition can be carried out from a fire torch and / or an ignition pulse device with an external source-generator of spark formation, operating with a frequency of 1-2 Hz, the fuel flow to return for ignition and formation of a fire torch can be partially directed to storage or / and external consumption, and the process of formation and maintenance of a fire torch to improve the quality and efficiency of combustion can be carried out with turbocharging.

When starting the process in the forced heating mode, it is advisable to pre-inject water in an amount of 40-50% of the maximum permissible nominal working volume under a pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa, change the phase state of water by heating to form water vapor with a temperature of 450-500 ° C from an independent heat source, for example, an inductive heater, and ignition of a steam-hydrocarbon mixture or other fuel component is carried out from an independent source by an ignition spark pulse device with an independent source of sparking, operating at a frequency of 40-50 Hz.

4. The possibility of implementing a utility model

The table shows the comparative characteristics of the known technical solution and the considered device, confirming that the implementation of the device solves the technical problems - there is an increase in the stability of the processes for producing hydrogen-containing gaseous fuel (a significant decrease in the number of failures), a decrease in the energy consumption and consumption of the hydrocarbon component, (increase in the water ratio /diesel fuel).

Table An example of a specific implementation of the method and technical characteristics of heat and gas generating plants implementing the method Arakelyan GG Technical specifications unit of measurement Installation "Granst-Roy" type VTPGU-1 series 2009 (implementation of the prototype) Installation "Grantstroy" type VTTGU-700A series 2011 (implementation of the stated solution) Water consumption N ₂ O l / hour 20-25 20-25 Normal diesel consumption l / hour 3.0-3.1 2.4-2.5 Water / diesel ratio (6.5: 1) - (8.0: 1) Average (7.25: 1) (87.9: 12.1)% (8.0: 1) - (10.4: 1)
Average (9.5: 1) (90.5: 9.5)% Outside Diameter mm 203 203 Thermal power Gcal 1,0 1,0 The average frequency of flame failure at the time between 1000 hours pcs / hour 0.1 0.01 Detonation phenomena One-time not systematic are absent

Claims (6)

1. The heat and gas generator set, made in the form of a single device having a complex multi-link body, includes a burner system, a fire chamber, a device for mixing components, an ignition pulse device, pipelines and a start-up system including an independent induction heat source, a start-up burner with a supply of combustible fuel, characterized in that the complex body is made uniform in the form of two cylindrical tubes nested into each other with a gap forming a process cylinder, divided into an insulator bath stages of the technological cylinder according to the number of stages of the fuel mixture preparation process, the fire chamber is formed by the capacity of the inner pipe with an internal constriction device, the mixing device is made in the form of an injector with separate water inlet in the form of steam and the inlet of a hydrocarbon component, the output of the last stage of the technological cylinder is connected by a pipeline to the input of the fire chamber, where a burner system with an ignition device with a spark pulse ignition source, a working burner, and mountains is installed lkoy run, the output firing chamber forming element is installed in a working flame orifice, the apparatus is provided with a fuel tank constructed as separate sealed containers for consumable water and a hydrocarbon component. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the process cylinder is made in three stages, including the 1st stage of the vaporization stage with an independent induction heat source, the 2nd stage of the components mixing and heating the vapor-gas mixture, the 3rd stage of the heating stage to obtain fuel mixture, the supply tank for water is connected by a pipeline to the inlet of the 1st stage of the process cylinder, the output of which is connected by a pipeline to the first input of the injector, the second entrance of the injector is connected by a pipeline to the flow With the capacity of the hydrocarbon component, the injector outlet is connected by a pipeline to the 2nd stage of the technological cylinder, connected by a pipeline to the third stage of the technological cylinder. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the radii of the pipes forming the process cylinder for preparing the fuel mixture is 0.3> (r2 / R1)> 0.1, where R1 is the outer diameter of the inner pipe, r2 is the inner diameter of the outer pipe, 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the minimum radius of the constriction device installed in the middle of the fire chamber to the radius of the direct-flow section of the cylinder of the fire chamber is r3 / r1 = 0.9-0.8, where r1 is the minimum radius of the constricting device, r3 is the radius of the direct-flow section of the cylinder of the fire chamber. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a turbocharging device is installed at the inlet of the turbine burner system. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a constant overpressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa is maintained in the supply containers.