RU103178U1 - UNIVERSAL HEATING BOILER WITH TOP SUPPLY OF SOLID OR GAS FUEL - Google Patents

Abstract

 A universal heating boiler with an upper supply of solid or gaseous fuel, containing a grate, an ash pan, a cylindrical body with a lid, a branch pipe for exhausting combustion products, nozzles for supplying and removing liquid coolant, a solid fuel combustion chamber above the grate, a cylindrical fuel pipe for the top loading of solid fuel, axle the symmetry of which coincides with the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical body, and a heat exchange system in which the hot combustion products evacuated through the flues transfer heat to the circuit uyuschemu between the gas conduits and around the combustion zone heat transfer fluid, characterized in that the central heating boiler cover installed burner device for feeding vertically downward and combustion of gaseous fuel in the upper part of the fuel tube.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model belongs. The utility model relates to a power system, can be used in heating systems that produce hot water or any other liquid coolant as a heat carrier product, and is aimed at increasing the universality of a heating boiler, ensuring its operation on various types of fuel: solid or gaseous.

The use of autonomous heat supply based on energy-efficient, reliable and inexpensive heating boilers allows utilities, small and medium-sized businesses, owners of private houses and cottages to avoid the dictatorship of energy-producing and energy-transferring companies that overstate heat tariffs, the need to pay for losses in heat networks that have become unusable and, as a result, significantly reduce the energy component in the cost of production and the cost of maintaining housing.

The prior art. A technical solution is known in which the heating boiler (RF patent No. 2357156 of the Russian Federation, IPC F24H 1/08, 2009) contains a grate, ash pan, cylindrical body with a fuel pipe located along its axis, forming an annular water jacket equipped with a supply pipe and water drainage, an air supply pipe, an additional combustion device installed in the combustion chamber, made in the form of a vertical fuel pipe, coaxially with which a round grate with a diameter equal to the diameter of the inner erhnosti cylindrical body, which is cut in two by the diameter of a semicircle having freedom of movement, achieved by rotating grate along axes passing through the center of gravity of the grate arranged in parallel cut axis so that the arc length L, cut-off axis is associated with the size of the grate ratio

where, r is the radius of the inner surface of the cylindrical body, by an angle equal to ± 10 degrees relative to the horizontal, and the gap between the grate and the lower edge of the fuel pipe is determined by the maximum angle of repose of the fuel, taking into account the minimum allowable thickness of the fuel layer near the inner wall of the cylindrical body , i.e., by the ratio where h is the gap between the grate and the lower edge of the fuel pipe; D _k is the diameter of the cylindrical body; D _t is the diameter of the fuel pipe; α _max is the maximum angle of repose of fuel for a given region, N is the minimum allowable thickness of the fuel layer near the inner wall of the cylindrical body, which is at least D _t / 4.

The known solution has the following drawback: the lack of versatility, that is, the heating boiler can consume only solid fuel, which significantly limits the ability to use the unit.

The closest known technical solution to the described is a boiler with a top loading of solid fuel (utility model patent No. 95388 of the Russian Federation, IPC F24H 1/08, 2010) containing a grate, an ash pan, a fuel pipe, a cylindrical body with a branch pipe for exhausting combustion products, pipes inlet and outlet of the heat transfer fluid and the cover, a system for removing hot combustion products, consisting of cylindrical pipelines vertically arranged in one or more (2-5) rows around the circumference between the cylindrical body and the top pipe, the coolant circulates in the annulus, and the cylindrical pipelines are separated from the cylindrical body and the fuel pipe by the coolant flow, which for the single-row arrangement of cylindrical pipelines is ensured by the fulfillment of the relations: π (D _k + D _t ) / 2Nd≥1,1 and π (D _k -D _t ) / 2Nd≥1,1, where D _k , D _t and d are the diameters of the cylindrical body, fuel pipe and cylindrical pipeline, N is the number of cylindrical pipelines, for multi-row arrangement of cylindrical pipelines, the gaps between cylindrical pipelines, a cylindrical body and a fuel pipe is at least 0.05 (D _k -D _t ), and in the combustion zone, heat is removed by the coolant circulating in the annular jacket. In the dependent clause of the utility model formula, it is possible to weld on the pipelines for the removal of gas combustion products radially, uniformly around the circumference of the pipeline of fins in the amount of 2-16 pieces from a steel sheet 2-10 mm thick, protruding to a distance of 0.05d-0.5d from the external surface of pipelines.

The closest known technical solutions have the following disadvantage: lack of versatility, that is, a heating boiler can consume only solid fuel, which significantly limits the ability to use the unit.

Disclosure of a utility model. The objective of this utility model is to ensure the operation of the heating boiler not only on solid, but also on gaseous fuels.

The essence of the utility model lies in the fact that in a known heating boiler containing a grate, an ash pan, a cylindrical body with a lid, pipes for removing combustion products, inlet and outlet of a heat transfer fluid, a solid fuel combustion chamber above the grate, a cylindrical fuel pipe for top loading of solid fuel, the axis of symmetry of which coincides with the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical body, and a heat exchange system in which the hot combustion products evacuated through gas ducts transfer heat to the circulating liquid heat to the carrier through the separating walls, in the center of the lid of the heating boiler, a burner is installed for feeding vertically downward and burning gaseous fuel in the upper part of the fuel pipe, which allows the boiler to be operated on various types of fuel: solid or gaseous.

The difference between the proposed device and the known one is that in the center of the lid of the heating boiler there is a burner device for supplying vertically downward and burning gaseous fuel in the upper part of the fuel pipe, and thus, a combustion chamber of gaseous fuel is organized in the fuel pipe.

The technical result obtained from the use of a utility model in comparison with the closest technical solution is that the heating boiler becomes universal, it can be operated on various types of fuel: solid or gaseous.

A brief description of the drawings.

When implementing the utility model, two options for the formation of a heat exchange system are considered:

1. From cylindrical pipelines (figure 1) for the evacuation of hot combustion products vertically spaced around the circumference between the cylindrical body and the fuel pipe and circulating in the annular jacket around the combustion zone and in the annular space of the coolant;

2. Of the annular shafts connected by means of nozzles (FIG. 2) of the casing and the combustion pipe with a heat transfer fluid and hot combustion products evacuated between the shirts.

When implementing any of the two options, the same technical result is obtained.

A universal heating boiler with an upper fuel supply (Fig. 1) consists of a grate 1, an ash pan 2, a cylindrical body 3 with a cover 4, a branch pipe for exhausting combustion products 5, nozzles for supplying 6 and removal 7 of the heat transfer fluid, a solid fuel combustion chamber 8 above the grate, a cylindrical fuel pipe 9 for the top loading of solid fuel, the axis of symmetry of which coincides with the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical body. The heat exchange system between the hot combustion products and the liquid coolant is formed in such a way that the cylindrical pipelines 10 through which the combustion products are discharged are arranged vertically around the circumference between the cylindrical body and the fuel pipe, the coolant circulates in the annulus (section A-A), and in the zone the heat is removed by the heat transfer fluid circulating in the ring jacket 11. In the center of the lid of the heating boiler, a burner 12 is installed for supplying vertically downward and burning gas different fuel in the upper part of the fuel tube.

A universal heating boiler with an upper fuel supply (Fig. 2) consists of a grate 1, an ash pan 2, a cylindrical body 3 with a cover 4, a branch pipe for exhausting combustion products 5, nozzles for supplying 6 and removal 7 of the heat transfer fluid, a solid fuel combustion chamber 8 above the grate, a cylindrical fuel pipe 9 for the top loading of solid fuel, the axis of symmetry of which coincides with the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical body. The heat exchange system between the hot combustion products and the heat transfer fluid is formed in such a way that the heat transfer fluid circulates in the annular shirts of the casing 13 and the combustion pipe 14, interconnected by means of the nozzles 15, and the hot combustion products are evacuated between the casing and the combustion pipe. In the center of the lid of the boiler there is a burner 12 for supplying vertically downward and burning gaseous fuel in the upper part of the fuel pipe.

Implementation of a utility model. The technical result of the utility model is shown in comparison with the design of the heating boiler of the closest technical solution with a thermal power of 100 kW.

When implementing a utility model, two options for the formation of a heat exchange system (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) are considered, when implementing any of which, the same technical result is obtained.

In both cases, a burner is installed in the center of the lid of the heating boiler for supplying gaseous fuel vertically downward and burning in the upper part of the fuel pipe, and thus, a gaseous fuel combustion chamber is arranged in the fuel pipe.

As a burner, for example, a gas single-stage burner ELCO VG 02.120, KN with pneumatic regulation of the gas-air mixture can be used. The burner consists of: a housing with a standard flame tube with a gas-air mixture mixing device, a gas train with a gas valve, a gas pressure switch, a gas filter and an EBI-M 1 * 11 kV ignition device.

The main technical parameters of the burner are shown in table 1.

Table 1

- Main burner specifications

Burner Burner power, kW The length of the fire tube, mm Diameter of the fire tube, mm Gas pressure, mbar Gas line ELCO VG 02.120, KN 70-120 150 115 twenty MB-DLE 407 Rp3 / 4 ^II

As a gaseous fuel, for example, natural gas or propane can be used. Their net calorific value is 33.41 MJ / m ³ and 86.53 MJ / m ^3, respectively. The calculation results performed for a universal heating boiler with a thermal power of 100 kW, the design of which is proposed in this utility model, for solid fuels (coal grade T of the Kuznetsk basin with a calorific value of 26.33 MJ / kg, ash content on dry weight of 14.6%, working humidity of 7% and the release of volatile substances to a combustible mass of 12.5%) and for the two types of gaseous fuels mentioned above (efficiency for solid fuels is 0.84, for gaseous fuels - 0.90) are given in table 2.

table 2

- Operation parameters of a universal heating boiler with a thermal power of 100 kW

Type of fuel Net calorific value The amount of fuel consumed per 100 kW of thermal power Amount of flue gases per fuel unit The amount of flue gases per 100 kW of thermal power Brand T coal 26.33 MJ / kg 16.28 kg 7.35 nm ³ / kg 119.7 nm ³ Natural gas 33.41 MJ / m ³ 11.97 nm ³ 10.43 nm ³ / nm ³ 117.5 nm ³

Propane 86.53 MJ / m ³ 4.62 nm ³ 25.57 nm ³ / nm ³ 118.1nm ³

From the presented data it follows that the amount of flue gases per unit of thermal power for the fuels under consideration does not practically change (the difference does not exceed 2%). This allows us to conclude that the heat transfer system of the boiler will function in almost the same conditions and does not require reconfiguration.

The implementation of this utility model allows you to operate a universal heating boiler with top fuel supply, both solid and gaseous fuels, moving from one to another without changing the design of the unit. A burner for feeding vertically downward and burning gaseous fuel is installed in the lid of the boiler.

The action of a universal solid fuel boiler. No gas is supplied to the burner. For ignition of solid fuel, combustible fuel, for example, chips, chips, etc., is placed on the grate. After heating the boiler, the fuel pipe from the top is filled with solid fuel. Solid fuel, loaded from above into the fuel pipe, enters the grate under the action of gravity and, at an angle of repose, is poured onto the peripheral part of the grate into the combustion zone located between the walls of the cylindrical body and the fuel pipe, where a fuel layer of constant thickness is formed and the main process takes place combustion. Air is supplied from the ash pan through the entire grate area. As the fuel burns, the ash from the zone located under the fuel pipe enters the ash pan under the influence of gravity. Combustion gases from this zone transfer part of their heat to the fuel layer, which is already supplied to the combustion zone, while they themselves enter the combustion zone through the fuel layer, and mixing with the gases formed there, they transfer heat to the liquid coolant circulating in the ring jacket, then they are evacuated from the boiler through the piping system or between the annular jackets of the body heat transfer fluid and the furnace pipe connected by means of pipes (two options), giving off heat to the heat transfer fluid circulating in the annulus e or in the annular shirts.

The action of a universal heating boiler on gaseous fuels. Gaseous fuel is supplied to the burner installed in the lid of the boiler. A gas single-stage burner with pneumatic regulation of the gas-air mixture performs ignition (using a special device), dosing and mixing of the gas-air mixture with a given coefficient of excess air. Gaseous fuel is burned at the top of the fuel pipe. The flue gases pass down the flue pipe, giving part (35-45%) of their heat to the coolant in the jacket of the fuel pipe (Fig. 1) or to the coolant circulating in the annulus from the outside of the fuel pipe (Fig. 2).

Then, the flue gases are evacuated from the boiler through a piping system or between the annular jackets of the body heat transfer fluid and the furnace tube connected by means of pipes (two options), transferring the remaining heat to the heat transfer fluid circulating in the annulus or in the annular jackets, and cooling to a temperature of 150- 180 ° C.

When operating a universal heating boiler with gaseous fuel, the ash pan tightly closes to minimize air leaks.

To switch the boiler from solid fuel to gaseous fuel, stop supplying solid fuel to the fuel pipe, operate its residues (if necessary, you can evacuate the unburned coal into the ash pan) and remove the ash from the ash pan. Next, supply gaseous fuel to the burner and ignite it.

In order to switch the heating boiler from gaseous to solid fuel, the supply of gaseous fuel should be stopped and the boiler should be started with solid fuel, as described above.

The boiler has an efficiency of 84% for solid fuel and 90% for gaseous, the temperature of the produced hot water is 95 ° C, the frequency of service is once for 8 to 24 hours, depending on the quality of the fuel and weather conditions. To maintain the most economical mode of operation of the system, the temperature of the exhaust gases should be in the range of 100-120 ° C (not more than 180 ° C and not less than 85-90 ° C).

The design of the heating boiler proposed in the utility model ensures its versatility, the possibility of operation on various types of fuel: solid or gaseous.

Claims (1)

A universal heating boiler with an upper supply of solid or gaseous fuel, containing a grate, an ash pan, a cylindrical body with a lid, a branch pipe for exhausting combustion products, nozzles for supplying and removing liquid coolant, a solid fuel combustion chamber above the grate, a cylindrical fuel pipe for the top loading of solid fuel, axle the symmetry of which coincides with the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical body, and a heat exchange system in which the hot combustion products evacuated through the flues transfer heat to the circuit uyuschemu between the gas conduits and around the combustion zone heat transfer fluid, characterized in that the central heating boiler cover installed burner device for feeding vertically downward and combustion of gaseous fuel in the upper part of the fuel tube.