RS62927B1

RS62927B1 - Floor panel

Info

Publication number: RS62927B1
Application number: RS20220158A
Authority: RS
Inventors: Laurent Meersseman; Luc Vanhastel
Original assignee: Flooring Ind Ltd Sarl
Priority date: 2010-05-10
Filing date: 2011-06-21
Publication date: 2022-03-31

Description

Opis Description

[0001] Predmetni pronalazak se odnosi na podne panele. [0001] The present invention relates to floor panels.

[0002] Preciznije, predmetni pronalazak se odnosi na podne panele tipa koji se najmanje sastoji od podloge i gornjeg sloja koji je obezbeđen na ovoj podlozi, gde navedeni gornji sloj obuhvata štampani deo. Kao što je poznato, iznad takvog motiva može se obezbediti sloj providnog ili prozirnog sintetičkog materijala, koji tada čini deo navedenog gornjeg sloja. [0002] More precisely, the present invention relates to floor panels of a type that at least consists of a substrate and an upper layer provided on this substrate, where said upper layer comprises a printed part. As is known, a layer of transparent or transparent synthetic material can be provided above such a motif, which then forms part of the said top layer.

[0003] Posebno, predmetni pronalazak se odnosi na panele tipa koji, na dve ili više suprotnih ivica, ima sredstva za spajanje ili spojne delove, sa kojima se dva takva podna panela mogu spojiti na odgovarajućim ivicama, tako da su zaključani jedan za drugog u horizontalnom pravcu okomitom na odgovarajuću ivicu kako u ravni podnih panela, tako i u vertikalnom pravcu okomitom na ravan podnih panela. Takvi podni paneli se mogu primeniti za sastavljanje takozvane plutajuće podne obloge, gde su podni paneli međusobno povezani na svojim ivicama, ali slobodno leže na donjoj površini. [0003] In particular, the present invention relates to panels of the type that, on two or more opposite edges, have connecting means or connecting parts, with which two such floor panels can be connected at the corresponding edges, so that they are locked to each other in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the corresponding edge both in the plane of the floor panels, and in the vertical direction perpendicular to the plane of the floor panels. Such floor panels can be used to assemble a so-called floating floor covering, where the floor panels are connected to each other at their edges, but lie freely on the lower surface.

[0004] Iz WO 97/47834 poznati su laminatni podni paneli za formiranje plutajuće podne obloge. Međutim, laminatni podni paneli imaju nedostatak što su uglavnom opremljeni podlogom osetljivom na vlagu, odnosno MDF ili HDF (vlaknastim panelima srednje gustine ili vlaknastim panelima visoke gustine), i što gornji sloj predviđen na ovoj podlozi, kada je podna obloga u upotrebi, dovodi do pojave zvukova kuckanja. Gornji sloj je, naime, sastavljen od termoočvršćujuće smole i dovodi do razvoja veoma tvrdog površinskog sloja. Podloga je, takođe, tvrda zbog velike gustine MDF-a ili HDF-a. U proseku, laminatni podni paneli imaju debljinu između 6 i 12 milimetara, pri čemu je debljina gornjeg sloja uglavnom manja od 0,5 milimetara. [0004] From WO 97/47834, laminate floor panels for forming a floating floor covering are known. However, laminate floor panels have the disadvantage that they are generally equipped with a moisture-sensitive substrate, i.e. MDF or HDF (medium density fiberboard or high density fiberboard), and that the top layer provided on this substrate, when the floor covering is in use, leads to the appearance of knocking sounds. Namely, the upper layer is composed of thermosetting resin and leads to the development of a very hard surface layer. The substrate is also hard due to the high density of MDF or HDF. On average, laminate floor panels are between 6 and 12 millimeters thick, with the top layer generally less than 0.5 millimeters thick.

[0005] Iz EP 1938 963 i WO 2010/023042 poznati su podni paneli na bazi vinila za formiranje takvih plutajućih podnih obloga. Takvi podni paneli na bazi vinila uglavnom imaju debljinu od 3 do 5 milimetara i imaju veliku gustinu materijala. Iznad štampanog dela je obezbeđen providni termoplastični sloj i eventualno površinski sloj laka. Termoplastični sloj uglavnom ima debljinu od 1 milimetra ili više. Takav sloj, s jedne strane, pruža otpornost na habanje podnog panela, a sa druge strane omogućava formiranje reljefa na površini. Tako se, na primer, u ovom providnom sloju može realizovati kosina, kao što je u gore navedenom WO 2010/023042, ili se mogu obezbediti otisci za imitaciju pora drveta. Ipak, podni paneli iz stanja tehnike i dalje odaju utisak plastike. Debeli termoplastični sloj može dovesti do smanjene vidljivosti štampanog dela zbog nedostatka transparentnosti. Ovim podnim panelima svojstvena je i njihova ograničena krutost na savijanje i njihova visoka deformabilnost. Ove karakteristike dovode do problema kada se podni paneli postavljaju na neravnu podlogu. Naime, nakon određenog vremena, neravnine podloge mogu migrirati prema površini podne obloge. Sa lokalnim opterećenjem, na primer, ispod nogu stolova ili stolica, stvaraće se trajni otisci, koji su takođe nepoželjni. [0005] From EP 1938 963 and WO 2010/023042 vinyl-based floor panels are known for forming such floating floor coverings. Such vinyl-based floor panels generally have a thickness of 3 to 5 millimeters and have a high material density. Above the printed part, a transparent thermoplastic layer and possibly a surface layer of lacquer is provided. The thermoplastic layer generally has a thickness of 1 millimeter or more. Such a layer, on the one hand, provides resistance to wear of the floor panel, and on the other hand, it enables the formation of relief on the surface. Thus, for example, a bevel can be realized in this transparent layer, as in the above-mentioned WO 2010/023042, or imprints can be provided to imitate wood pores. Nevertheless, the floor panels of the prior art still give the impression of plastic. A thick thermoplastic layer can lead to reduced visibility of the printed part due to lack of transparency. These floor panels are characterized by their limited bending stiffness and their high deformability. These characteristics lead to problems when the floor panels are installed on an uneven surface. Namely, after a certain time, the unevenness of the substrate can migrate towards the surface of the floor covering. With a local load, for example, under the legs of tables or chairs, permanent prints will be created, which are also undesirable.

[0006] Iz WO 2007/081267 i US 2004/146695 poznati su podni paneli sa podlogom i gornjim slojem koji se nalazi na njoj, gde se gornji sloj sastoji od štampanog dela i debelog i mekog providnog sloja koji se nalazi iznad ovog štampanog dela. Na jednoj ivici, podni panel ima spuštenu ivicu u vidu žleba sa horizontalnim dnom. Moguće je da se dno ovog žleba može protezati do nivoa koji se nalazi ispod globalnog nivoa štampanog dela. Moguće je da se dno žleba može izvesti u boji. Ova tehnika je pogodna za imitaciju cementnih spojeva ili drugih spojeva pločica, međutim, ne ispunjava zahteve kada je treba primeniti sa podnim panelima koji predstavljaju print sa drvenom šarom. [0006] From WO 2007/081267 and US 2004/146695 floor panels with a base and an upper layer located on it are known, where the upper layer consists of a printed part and a thick and soft transparent layer located above this printed part. On one edge, the floor panel has a lowered edge in the form of a groove with a horizontal bottom. It is possible that the bottom of this groove may extend to a level below the global level of the printed part. It is possible that the bottom of the groove can be made in color. This technique is suitable for imitating cement joints or other tile joints, however, it does not meet the requirements when it is to be applied with floor panels that present a wood grain print.

[0007] Podni paneli sa relativno debelim mekim gornjim slojem, na primer, termoplastičnim gornjim slojem, takođe imaju nedostatak što mogu biti gurnuti nagore na ivici, na primer, kada su podni paneli pritegnuti jedan uz drugi ili kada se po podnoj oblozi hoda, stvara se frikcioni kontakt između cipele i ivice gornjeg sloja. Ovo može dovesti do ubrzanog habanja ovih ivica i/ili do mogućih nebezbednih situacija. Do sada se smatralo da je debeo providni gornji sloj neophodan da bi se izdržalo takvo habanje. [0007] Floor panels with a relatively thick soft top layer, for example, a thermoplastic top layer, also have the disadvantage that they can be pushed up at the edge, for example, when the floor panels are pressed together or when walking on the floor covering, a frictional contact is created between the shoe and the edge of the top layer. This can lead to accelerated wear of these edges and/or possible unsafe situations. Until now, it was thought that a thick transparent top layer was necessary to withstand such wear and tear.

[0008] Predmetni pronalazak se odnosi na podni panel kao što je definisano u priloženim patentnim zahtevima, koji je u prvom redu namenjen kao podni panel za formiranje plutajuće podne obloge. U skladu sa različitim poželjnim tehničkim rešenjima pronalaska, takođe se nudi rešenje za jedan ili više problema sa podnim panelima u stanju tehnike. [0008] The present invention relates to a floor panel as defined in the attached patent claims, which is primarily intended as a floor panel for forming a floating floor covering. In accordance with various preferred technical solutions of the invention, a solution to one or more problems with floor panels in the prior art is also offered.

[0009] Ova prijava, prema svom prvom nezavisnom aspektu, odnosi se na podni panel, gde navedeni podni panel obuhvata podlogu i gornji sloj koji se nalazi na ovoj podlozi, gde je gornji sloj sastavljen najmanje od štampanog dela i providnog termoplastičnog sloja koji se nalazi iznad ovog štampanog dela, gde je ovaj podni panel, najmanje na dve suprotne ivice, opremljen ravnim ili zakrivljenim kosinama, gde navedeni providni termoplastični sloj poželjno ima debljinu od 1 milimetar ili manje, ili čak od 0,5 milimetara ili manje, i navedena kosina se proteže ispod globalnog nivoa navedenog štampanog dela. [0009] This application, according to its first independent aspect, relates to a floor panel, where said floor panel includes a base and a top layer located on this base, where the top layer is composed of at least a printed part and a transparent thermoplastic layer located above this printed part, where this floor panel, at least on two opposite edges, is equipped with straight or curved slopes, where said transparent thermoplastic layer preferably has a thickness of 1 millimeter or less, or even of 0.5 millimeters or less, and said bevel extends below the global level of said printed part.

[0010] Pronalazač je shvatio da debljina termoplastičnog gornjeg sloja može biti ograničena, a da se ipak može postići prihvatljiva otpornost na habanje pomoću relativno duboke kosine. Delovi gornjeg sloja koje je moguće gurnuti nagore se tada nalaze ispod podne obloge, tako da se neće pojaviti znaci prekomernog habanja. Kako se primenjuje kosina, udar ili trenje cipele o ivicu gornje površine će se u velikoj meri izbeći, tako da je i na novoj gornjoj ivici podnog panela rizik od ubrzanog habanja sveden na minimum. Štaviše, nudi se rešenje za plastični izgled podnih panela iz stanja tehnike. Kombinovanjem štampanog dela koji se nalazi blizu površine, poželjno manje od 0,5 milimetara, sa dubokom kosinom, poželjno dubljom od 0,5 milimetara, stvara se izuzetan efekat dubine. Problemi sa transparentnošću termoplastičnog sloja se u velikoj meri izbegavaju ograničavanjem njegove debljine. [0010] The inventor has realized that the thickness of the thermoplastic top layer can be limited and yet acceptable wear resistance can be achieved with a relatively deep bevel. The parts of the upper layer that can be pushed up are then under the floor covering, so that no signs of excessive wear will appear. As the slope is applied, the impact or friction of the shoe against the edge of the upper surface will be largely avoided, so that even on the new upper edge of the floor panel, the risk of accelerated wear is minimized. Moreover, a solution is offered for the plastic look of the floor panels from the prior art. By combining a printed part that is close to the surface, preferably less than 0.5 millimeters, with a deep bevel, preferably deeper than 0.5 millimeters, an exceptional effect of depth is created. The transparency problems of the thermoplastic layer are largely avoided by limiting its thickness.

[0011] Prema najpoželjnijem tehničkom rešenju, navedeni termoplastični gornji sloj ima debljinu od 0,3 milimetra ili manje. [0011] According to the most preferred technical solution, said thermoplastic top layer has a thickness of 0.3 millimeters or less.

[0012] Navedena podloga je poželjno izrađena od materijala koji je tvrđi od navedenog termoplastičnog providnog sloja. Termoplastičnim sintetičkim materijalom u blizini ili na površini podnog panela nudi se rešenje za pojavu prekomernih zvukova kucanja. Izborom tvrđe podloge dobija se dobra kompozicija, gde se trajni otisci mogu svesti na minimum. Štaviše, navedena podloga izbegava izbijanje ili migraciju neravnina na donjoj površini prema navedenom gornjem sloju. [0012] Said substrate is preferably made of a material that is harder than said thermoplastic transparent layer. A thermoplastic synthetic material near or on the surface of the floor panel offers a solution to excessive knocking noises. By choosing a harder substrate, a good composition is obtained, where permanent prints can be reduced to a minimum. Furthermore, said substrate avoids breakout or migration of irregularities on the lower surface towards said upper layer.

[0013] Navedena kosina se može realizovati na bilo koji način. U nastavku su objašnjene neke mogućnosti za njenu realizaciju. [0013] The specified slope can be realized in any way. Some possibilities for its implementation are explained below.

[0014] Prema prvoj mogućnosti, kosina se formira uklanjanjem dela materijala gornjeg sloja na odgovarajućoj ivici. Poželjno je da se uklonjeni deo materijala proteže kroz providni termoplastični gornji sloj i štampani deo u donji sloj i/ili u podlogu. Prema ovoj prvoj mogućnosti, štampani deo je izostavljen na najmanje delu dobijene kosine. [0014] According to the first possibility, the bevel is formed by removing part of the material of the upper layer on the corresponding edge. Preferably, the removed portion of the material extends through the transparent thermoplastic top layer and the printed portion into the bottom layer and/or into the substrate. According to this first possibility, the printed part is omitted on the smallest part of the obtained slope.

[0015] Prema drugoj mogućnosti, kosina se formira lokalnim pritiskanjem dela materijala gornjeg sloja na odgovarajućoj ivici. Olakšavanjem takvog pritiskanja, sloj ispod i/ili podloga mogu, ali ne moraju biti prethodno formirani ili opremljeni rezom, koji bar delimično nudi prostor za deo utisnutog materijala. Poželjno je da se štampani deo, u ovoj drugoj mogućnosti, proteže neprekidno sa stvarne površine podnog panela preko cele ili približno cele površine kosine. [0015] According to another possibility, the bevel is formed by local pressing of a part of the material of the upper layer on the corresponding edge. To facilitate such pressing, the underlying layer and/or substrate may or may not be preformed or provided with a cut, which at least partially offers space for a portion of the pressed material. It is preferable that the printed part, in this second possibility, extends continuously from the actual surface of the floor panel over the entire or nearly the entire surface of the slope.

[0016] Poželjno, takva kosina je opremljena posebnim dekorativnim slojem. Takva implementacija je posebno interesantna u kombinaciji sa navedenom prvom mogućnošću, ali takođe nije isključena u kombinaciji sa navedenom drugom mogućnošću. Poželjno, navedeni odvojeni dekorativni sloj sadrži sloj laka ili sloj sa transfer štampom ili na drugi način dobijen sloj sa štampanim delom, kao što je sloj sa štampanim delom dobijen postupkom digitalne štampe, kao što je mlazna (inkjet) štampa. U slučaju procesa štampanja, poželjno je da se koriste mastila na bazi UV zračenja. Pronalazač je otkrio da će ova mastila najbolje prianjati na termoplastične donje slojeve. U slučaju transfer štampe, poželjno se primenjuje zagrejan transfer, na primer, tako što se zagreva element za prenos, na primer, transfer valjak. Na taj način se može postići dobro prianjanje na donji termoplastični sloj. [0016] Preferably, such a slope is equipped with a special decorative layer. Such an implementation is particularly interesting in combination with the mentioned first possibility, but it is also not excluded in combination with the mentioned second possibility. Preferably, said separate decorative layer comprises a varnish layer or a layer with a transfer print or otherwise obtained layer with a printed part, such as a layer with a printed part obtained by a digital printing process, such as jet (inkjet) printing. In the case of the printing process, it is preferable to use inks based on UV radiation. The inventor has found that these inks will adhere best to thermoplastic underlayers. In the case of transfer printing, a heated transfer is preferably applied, for example, by heating a transfer element, for example, a transfer roller. In this way, a good adhesion to the lower thermoplastic layer can be achieved.

[0017] Kao što je već navedeno, moguće je da se u podnom panelu kosina proteže kroz navedeni štampani deo. Ova implementacija je posebno interesantna sa navedenom prvom mogućnošću realizacije kosine. [0017] As already stated, it is possible that in the floor panel the bevel extends through the said printed part. This implementation is particularly interesting with the mentioned first possibility of realization of slope.

[0018] Poželjno, gornji sloj podnog panela, takođe, obuhvata zadnji sloj, koji se nalazi između navedenog štampanog dela i podloge. Navedeni zadnji sloj poželjno, takođe, obuhvata termoplastični materijal, a poželjno i materijal za punjenje. Ovo se može odnositi na, na primer, sloj PVC-a (polivinilhlorida), ispunjen kredom. Poželjno se primenjuje takozvani meki PVC, koji se proizvodi pomoću plastifikatora. [0018] Preferably, the upper layer of the floor panel also includes a back layer, which is located between said printed part and the substrate. Said back layer preferably also includes a thermoplastic material, and preferably also a filling material. This can refer to, for example, a layer of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), filled with chalk. The so-called soft PVC, which is produced using plasticizers, is preferably used.

[0019] Kao providni termoplastični sloj može se naneti sloj na bazi PVC-a. Alternative su, na primer, slojevi na bazi PVdC (polivinil dihlorida), na bazi PU (poliuretana) ili na bazi PP (polipropilena). Kao što je gore navedeno, termoplastični sloj poželjno ima ograničenu debljinu. Dobre vrednosti za debljinu providnog termoplastičnog sloja su, na primer, između 0,15 i 0,4 milimetra. Poželjno je da providni termoplastični sloj ne sadrži čvrste aditive, kao što su keramičke čestice za unapređenje otpornosti na habanje, iako ova vrsta čestica kao takva nije isključena. Međutim, pronalazač je otkrio da se oni mogu izostaviti sa namerom da se postigne dobra transparentnost, dok se i dalje zadržava prihvatljiva otpornost na habanje, odnosno otpornost na habanje uporediva ili bolja od one kod laminatnog panela AC2- ili AC3-klase, izmerena prema EN 13329. [0019] A PVC-based layer can be applied as a transparent thermoplastic layer. Alternatives are, for example, layers based on PVdC (polyvinyl dichloride), based on PU (polyurethane) or based on PP (polypropylene). As stated above, the thermoplastic layer preferably has a limited thickness. Good values for the thickness of the transparent thermoplastic layer are, for example, between 0.15 and 0.4 millimeters. It is preferred that the transparent thermoplastic layer does not contain solid additives, such as ceramic particles to improve wear resistance, although this type of particles as such is not excluded. However, the inventor has discovered that they can be omitted with the intention of achieving good transparency, while still maintaining an acceptable wear resistance, i.e. wear resistance comparable or better than that of an AC2- or AC3-class laminate panel, measured according to EN 13329.

[0020] Kao što je već navedeno, sloj laka može se naneti kao gornji sloj podnog panela. Ovde se ovo može odnositi na sloj laka koji očvršćava pod UV- ili elektronskim snopom ili na sloj PU laka. Poželjno je da se ovaj sloj laka proteže neprekidno preko kosine. Ovo se najjednostavnije može realizovati u kombinaciji sa gore navedenom drugom mogućnošću i nije isključeno u kombinaciji sa prethodno navedenom prvom mogućnošću. Poželjno je da se navedeni sloj laka izostavi na površini kosine koja je ostvarena pomoću gore navedene prve mogućnosti. [0020] As already mentioned, the varnish layer can be applied as the top layer of the floor panel. Here this can refer to a UV- or electron beam-curing varnish layer or to a PU varnish layer. It is desirable that this layer of varnish extends continuously over the slope. This can most simply be realized in combination with the above-mentioned second possibility and is not excluded in combination with the above-mentioned first possibility. It is preferable to leave said layer of varnish on the surface of the bevel, which is achieved by means of the above-mentioned first possibility.

[0021] Navedeni štampani deo je obezbeđen na nosećem listu, gde noseći list, zajedno sa štampanim delom, čini štampani sintetički film. Kao sintetički film koristi se folija na bazi PVC-a. Štampanje se po mogućstvu izvodi rastvorljivim mastilima ili mastilima na bazi vode. Poželjno je da se u završnom podnom panelu, noseći list nalazi ispod štampe. Međutim, nije isključeno da se štampani deo može nalaziti na donjoj strani nosećeg lista, pri čemu se tada koristi providni noseći list, koji onda efektivno čini deo providnog termoplastičnog sloja, koji kao celina po mogućstvu dostiže željenu debljinu predmetnog pronalaska. [0021] Said printed part is provided on a carrier sheet, where the carrier sheet, together with the printed part, constitutes a printed synthetic film. PVC-based foil is used as a synthetic film. Printing is preferably done with soluble inks or water-based inks. It is desirable that in the final floor panel, the carrier sheet is located under the press. However, it is not excluded that the printed part can be located on the underside of the carrier sheet, in which case a transparent carrier sheet is used, which then effectively forms part of the transparent thermoplastic layer, which as a whole preferably reaches the desired thickness of the subject invention.

[0022] Ceo gornji sloj, odnosno, štampani deo uključujući nosač, providni gornji sloj i mogući zadnji sloj, poželjno se sastoji od žarenog ili relaksiranog termoplastičnog sloja. Uobičajena debljina sastavnih slojeva gornjih slojeva je poželjno između 0,5 i 3 milimetra, ili još bolje između 1 i 2 milimetra. [0022] The entire top layer, that is, the printed part including the support, the transparent top layer and possibly the back layer, preferably consists of an annealed or relaxed thermoplastic layer. A typical thickness of the constituent layers of the top layers is preferably between 0.5 and 3 millimeters, or more preferably between 1 and 2 millimeters.

[0023] Poželjno je da se gornji sloj montira pre nego što se poveže sa podlogom. Veza sa podlogom se može izvesti, na primer, pomoću sloja lepka, na primer, pomoću disperzionog lepka na bazi poliuretana. Nije isključeno da se gornji sloj montira delimično ili u potpunosti istovremeno sa vezivanjem za podlogu. Prema drugoj mogućnosti za to, na primer, barem gornji sloj i/ili pozadinski sloj delimično mogu biti obezbeđeni kao tečna ili pastozna supstanca na podlozi, gde očvršćavaju. [0023] It is preferable that the upper layer is mounted before it is connected to the substrate. The connection to the substrate can be performed, for example, by means of an adhesive layer, for example, by means of a polyurethane-based dispersion adhesive. It is not excluded that the upper layer is installed partially or completely at the same time as bonding to the base. According to another possibility for this, for example, at least the top layer and/or the background layer can be partially provided as a liquid or pasty substance on the substrate, where they solidify.

[0024] Prema prvom nezavisnom aspektu, JZ podloga poželjno obuhvata pločasti materijal koji ima gustinu veću od 450 kilograma po kubnom metru, ili čak više od 650 kilograma po kubnom metru. Poželjno je da se navedena podloga u suštini sastoji od materijala na bazi drveta, kao što je MDF ili HDF (vlaknasti paneli srednje ili visoke gustine), ili je podloga napravljena od drugog pločastog materijala na bazi međusobno zalepljenih drvenih čestica ili drvenih vlakana. Takva podloga omogućava da se dobiju relativno čvrsti ili kruti paneli, koji se mogu glatko postaviti bez lepka. [0024] According to a first independent aspect, the JZ substrate preferably comprises a plate material having a density greater than 450 kilograms per cubic meter, or even greater than 650 kilograms per cubic meter. It is preferable that said substrate essentially consists of a wood-based material, such as MDF or HDF (medium or high density fiberboard), or the substrate is made of another sheet material based on wood particles or wood fibers glued together. Such a substrate allows to obtain relatively solid or rigid panels, which can be installed smoothly without glue.

[0025] Prema pronalasku, podloga ima debljinu od 2 do 10 milimetara. Poželjno je da ceo podni panel ima debljinu između 5 i 15 milimetara. [0025] According to the invention, the substrate has a thickness of 2 to 10 millimeters. It is desirable that the entire floor panel has a thickness between 5 and 15 millimeters.

[0026] Prema pronalasku, podloga čini najmanje polovinu debljine podnog panela. [0026] According to the invention, the substrate makes up at least half of the thickness of the floor panel.

[0027] Na donjoj strani podloge može se postaviti pozadinski sloj ili podsloj, poželjno paronepropusni sloj. Takav pozadinski sloj ili podsloj poželjno se sastoji od sloja termoplastičnog sintetičkog materijala i/ili toplotopljivog (hot melt) lepka. Pozadinski sloj poželjno ima debljinu koja odgovara debljini gornjeg sloja, uključujući mogući zadnji sloj, međutim, poželjno je da bude tanji. [0027] A background layer or sub-layer, preferably a vapor-impermeable layer, can be placed on the underside of the substrate. Such background layer or sub-layer preferably consists of a layer of thermoplastic synthetic material and/or hot melt adhesive. The back layer preferably has a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the top layer, including the possible back layer, however, it is preferably thinner.

[0028] U slučajevima kada se zadnji sloj ili drugi međusloj nanosi između štampanog dela i podloge, dva podna panela, u postavljenom stanju dva takva podna panela, poželjno imaju kontaktnu površinu formiranu na odgovarajućim zadnjim slojevima ili međuslojevima, pri čemu se ova kontaktna površina proteže ispod najdublje tačke odgovarajućih kosina. Takav kontakt može da formira prvu barijeru protiv vlage koja bi prodrla u šav ili spoj između dva podna panela. Navedeni zadnji slojevi ili međuslojevi poželjno obuhvataju komprimovani deo na mestu kontaktne površine. [0028] In cases where a back layer or another intermediate layer is applied between the printed part and the substrate, two floor panels, in the installed state of two such floor panels, preferably have a contact surface formed on the respective back layers or intermediate layers, wherein this contact surface extends below the deepest point of the respective slopes. Such contact can form the first barrier against moisture that would penetrate the seam or joint between two floor panels. Said back layers or intermediate layers preferably include a compressed part at the point of the contact surface.

[0029] Prema pronalasku, podni paneli, na odgovarajućim ivicama, su opremljeni mehaničkim sredstvima za spajanje koja omogućavaju da se dva takva podna panela mogu spojiti jedan za drugi, tako da se postiže zaključavanje u vertikalnom pravcu okomitom na ravan spojenih panela, kao i u horizontalnom pravcu okomitom na spojenu ivicu i u ravni panela. Dalje, mehanička sredstva za spajanje ili delovi za spajanje su u suštini realizovani kao jezičak i žleb oivičeni gornjim rubom i donjim rubom, pri čemu su ovi jezičak i žleb u suštini odgovorni za zaključavanje u navedenom vertikalnom pravcu, i pri čemu su jezičak i žleb opremljeni dodatnim delovima za zaključavanje, koji su suštinski odgovorni za zaključavanje u navedenom horizontalnom pravcu. Poželjno, delovi za zaključavanje sadrže izbočinu na donjoj strani jezička i udubljenje u donjem rubu žleba. Takva sredstva za spajanje i delovi za zaključavanje poznati su, na primer, iz WO 97/47834. [0029] According to the invention, the floor panels, on the corresponding edges, are equipped with mechanical connection means that allow two such floor panels to be connected to each other, so that locking is achieved in the vertical direction perpendicular to the plane of the connected panels, as well as in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the connected edge and in the plane of the panel. Furthermore, the mechanical coupling means or coupling parts are essentially realized as a tongue and groove bordered by an upper edge and a lower edge, wherein these tongue and groove are essentially responsible for locking in said vertical direction, and wherein the tongue and groove are equipped with additional locking parts, which are essentially responsible for locking in said horizontal direction. Preferably, the locking parts comprise a projection on the underside of the tab and a recess in the bottom edge of the groove. Such connecting means and locking parts are known, for example, from WO 97/47834.

[0030] Poželjno, sredstva za spajanje, takođe, pokazuju jednu ili kombinaciju dve ili više sledećih svojstava: [0030] Preferably, the joining means also exhibit one or a combination of two or more of the following properties:

● svojstvo da mehanička sredstva za spajanje ili delovi za spajanje pritiskaju spojene podne panele jedan uz drugi, na primer, tako što se ova mehanička sredstva za spajanje realizuju sa tzv. predzatezanjem, kao što je poznato iz EP 1026 341. Sila zatezanja kojom su podni paneli pritisnuti jedan uz drugi ili jedan prema drugom, može se postići, na primer, u kombinaciji sa gore navedenom karakteristikom, pomoću donjeg ruba, koji je savijen u spojenom položaju, koji u pokušaju vraćanja unazad, pritiska donju stranu jezika. Prvi nezavisni aspekt je posebno interesantan za primenu kod ovakvih podnih panela, jer se povećava rizik da se termoplastični sloj gurne nagore na ivicama kao efekat sile zatezanja. Poželjno, ovde se koristi gore navedena poželjna implementacija, gde se ispod ivice formira kontaktna površina na međusloju ili zadnjem sloju. Sila zatezanja, zajedno sa mogućom kompresijom na mestu kontaktne površine, dovodi do dobre otpornosti na prodiranje vlage; ● the property that mechanical joining means or joining parts press the joined floor panels against each other, for example, by realizing these mechanical joining means with so-called by pre-tensioning, as known from EP 1026 341. The tensioning force by which the floor panels are pressed against each other or against each other, can be achieved, for example, in combination with the above-mentioned feature, by means of the lower edge, which is bent in the joint position, which, in an attempt to return, presses the lower side of the tongue. The first independent aspect is particularly interesting for the application of such floor panels, because the risk of the thermoplastic layer being pushed upwards at the edges as a result of the tension force increases. Preferably, the above-mentioned preferred implementation is used here, where a contact surface is formed under the edge on the intermediate layer or the back layer. The tensile force, together with possible compression at the point of contact, results in good resistance to moisture penetration;

● svojstvo da mehanička sredstva za spajanje omogućavaju spajanje pomoću horizontalnog, ili kvazi-horizontalnog, pomeranja panela jedan prema drugom. Kod ovog tipa panela postoji rizik da se termoplastični sloj gurne nagore blizu ivica panela, odnosno na kraju pomeranja spojnice, kada bi ivice udarile jedna o drugu. Primenom prvog nezavisnog aspekta ovaj rizik se smanjuje; ● the property that mechanical joining means enable joining by means of horizontal, or quasi-horizontal, movement of the panels towards each other. With this type of panel, there is a risk of the thermoplastic layer being pushed upwards near the panel edges, i.e. at the end of the joint movement, when the edges hit each other. By applying the first independent aspect, this risk is reduced;

● svojstvo da mehanička sredstva za spajanje omogućavaju spajanje pomoću okretnog pokreta W duž odgovarajućih ivica. Kod ovog tipa panela postoji rizik da se termoplastični sloj gurne nagore u blizini ivica panela tokom pomeranja spojnice, kada se ivice okreću jedna naspram druge. Primenom prvog nezavisnog aspekta ovaj rizik se smanjuje; ● the property that the mechanical joining means enable joining by means of a rotary movement W along the corresponding edges. With this type of panel, there is a risk that the thermoplastic layer will be pushed up near the edges of the panel during the movement of the joint, when the edges are turned against each other. By applying the first independent aspect, this risk is reduced;

● svojstvo da mehanička sredstva za spajanje omogućavaju spajanje pomoću nadole usmerenog pomeranja muškog dela za spajanje koji ima, na primer, jezičak, u ženski deo za spajanje koji ima, na primer, žleb. Kod ovog tipa panela postoji rizik da se termoplastični sloj gurne nagore u blizini ivica panela tokom pomeranja spojnice, kada bi se ivice protrljale jedna uz drugu. Primenom nezavisnog aspekta ovaj rizik se smanjuje; ● the feature that the mechanical coupling means enable coupling by means of a downwardly directed movement of a male coupling part having, for example, a tongue, into a female coupling part having, for example, a groove. With this type of panel, there is a risk of the thermoplastic layer being pushed up near the panel edges during joint movement, when the edges rub against each other. By applying the independent aspect, this risk is reduced;

● svojstvo da se mehaničko sredstvo za spajanje, ili barem zadržavajuća gornja ivica, realizuje pomoću obrade glodanjem sa rotirajućim alatima za glodanje. Upotreba alata za glodanje može dovesti do pojave ivica gurnutih nagore već tokom izrade podnih panela. Primenom prvog nezavisnog aspekta ovaj rizik se smanjuje. ● the property that the mechanical joining means, or at least the retaining upper edge, is realized by milling with rotary milling tools. The use of milling tools can lead to the appearance of edges pushed upwards already during the production of floor panels. By applying the first independent aspect, this risk is reduced.

[0031] Prema pronalasku, navedena sredstva za spajanje su u suštini realizovana u navedenoj podlozi. Poželjno, navedena sredstva za spajanje su obezbeđena pomoću obrade glodanjem rotirajućim alatima za glodanje. Poželjno, podni panel prema pronalasku se odnosi na pravougaonu, bilo duguljastu bilo kvadratnu ploču, koja je opremljena sredstvima za mehaničko spajanje na oba para suprotnih ivica. [0031] According to the invention, the said joining means are essentially realized in the said substrate. Preferably, said joining means are provided by milling with rotary milling tools. Preferably, the floor panel according to the invention refers to a rectangular, either oblong or square plate, which is equipped with means for mechanical connection on both pairs of opposite edges.

[0032] Poželjno je da su ivice na obe suprotne ivice identične ili približno identične. [0032] It is desirable that the edges on both opposite edges are identical or approximately identical.

[0033] Kosina koja se primenjuje prema prvom nezavisnom aspektu, poželjno, uopšteno gledano, ima ugao od 35 do 55° sa površinom panela, gde je ugao od približno 45° optimalan. Manji uglovi od 35° dovode do širokih ivica, dok su veći uglovi štetni jer imaju veći rizik da bude gurnut nagore kada se hoda po podu. [0033] The bevel applied according to the first independent aspect preferably, in general, has an angle of 35 to 55° with the surface of the panel, where an angle of approximately 45° is optimal. Angles smaller than 35° lead to wide edges, while larger angles are harmful because they have a greater risk of being pushed up when walking on the floor.

[0034] Poželjno je da ivice, u spojenom stanju dva podna panela sa svojstvima prvog nezavisnog aspekta, formiraju V-žleb, pri čemu je širina mogućeg dna ovog V-žleba manja od jedne petine, a još bolje manja od jedne sedmine širine otvora V-žleba na gornjoj površini spojenih panela. [0034] It is desirable that the edges, in the joined state of two floor panels with the properties of the first independent aspect, form a V-groove, whereby the width of the possible bottom of this V-groove is less than one fifth, and even better less than one seventh of the width of the opening of the V-groove on the upper surface of the joined panels.

[0035] Poželjno, kosine, u spojenom stanju dva podna panela sa svojstvima prvog nezavisnog aspekta, formiraju V-žleb, gde je širina mogućeg dna ovog V-žleba manja od dubine odgovarajućeg V-žleba. Poželjno je da širina mogućeg dna bude manja od polovine dubine odgovarajućeg V-žleba. [0035] Preferably, the slopes, in the joined state of the two floor panels with the properties of the first independent aspect, form a V-groove, where the width of the possible bottom of this V-groove is smaller than the depth of the corresponding V-groove. It is desirable that the width of the possible bottom is less than half the depth of the corresponding V-groove.

[0036] Gore navedene poželjne implementacije kosina ili V-žlebova prvog nezavisnog aspekta, svaki pojedinačno, međutim, poželjno u kombinaciji, idealne su za nanošenje sa štampom koja predstavlja šaru drveta. [0036] The above-mentioned preferred implementations of bevels or V-grooves of the first independent aspect, each individually, however, preferably in combination, are ideal for application with a print representing a wood pattern.

[0037] Poželjno, podni panel prvog nezavisnog aspekta pokazuje svojstva da je navedeni podni panel napravljen pravougaono i duguljasto i da je navedena kosina najmanje ili isključivo obezbeđena na dugom paru suprotnih ivica. Naravno, takva kosina se može obezbediti i/ili samo na kratkom paru suprotnih ivica. [0037] Preferably, the floor panel of the first independent aspect exhibits the properties that said floor panel is made rectangular and oblong and that said slope is at least or exclusively provided on a long pair of opposite edges. Of course, such a bevel can be provided and/or only on a short pair of opposite edges.

[0038] U skladu sa posebnom implementacijom, navedena kosina, posmatrana u poprečnim presecima poprečnim na odgovarajuću ivicu, ima geometriju koja varira duž odgovarajuće ivice. Poželjno, ova kosina, preko većeg dela dužine odgovarajuće ivice, ili preko cele njene dužine, ima svojstvo da se ova kosina prostire ispod globalnog nivoa štampanog dela. Promenljiva geometrija poželjno obuhvata najmanje varijaciju globalnog ugla preko kojeg se proteže kosina. [0038] According to a particular implementation, said slope, viewed in cross-sections transverse to the respective edge, has a geometry that varies along the respective edge. Preferably, this bevel, over most of the length of the corresponding edge, or over its entire length, has the property that this bevel extends below the global level of the printed part. The variable geometry preferably includes at least a variation of the global angle over which the bevel extends.

[0039] Prema drugoj posebnoj implementaciji, navedena podloga je napravljena vodootpornom barem na odgovarajućoj ivici, ili su barem preduzete mere na odgovarajućoj ivici za dobijanje povećane otpornosti na vlagu ili prodiranje vlage u podlogu. Ovo se može realizovati na različite načine, na primer, tako što je podloga kao takva vodootporna, tako što je podloga, na odgovarajućoj ivici, pokrivena vodoodbojnom supstancom, ili da je podloga obuhvata sintetički ivični deo na odgovarajućoj ivici. [0039] According to another particular implementation, said substrate is made waterproof at least at the corresponding edge, or at least measures are taken at the corresponding edge to obtain increased resistance to moisture or penetration of moisture into the substrate. This can be realized in various ways, for example, by making the substrate as such waterproof, by covering the substrate, at the appropriate edge, with a water-repellent substance, or by having the substrate include a synthetic edge part at the appropriate edge.

[0040] Predmetni pronalazak kako je definisan patentnim zahtevima, koji se takođe pominje kao drugi aspekt objave, odnosi se na podni panel, pri čemu je ovaj podni panel napravljen pravougaonog i duguljastog oblika i obuhvata podlogu i gornji sloj koji se nalazi na ovoj podlozi, pri čemu se gornji sloj sastoji najmanje od štampanog dela i providnog termoplastičnog sloja koji se nalazi iznad ovog štampanog dela, sa odlikom da podni panel ima dužinu veću od 110 centimetara, a poželjno više od 180 centimetara i gde podni panel dalje obuhvata sredstva za ograničavanje savijanja sopstvenom težinom. Kako se koriste duži podni paneli, površina se može postaviti uz manje operacija. Sredstva koja ograničavaju savijanje omogućavaju dodatno poboljšanje prednosti ugradnje. Naime, smanjenjem savijanja jednostavnije je plasirati i/ili postaviti panele, koji su, barem na jednom paru suprotnih ivica, opremljeni mehaničkim sredstvima za spajanje, koja se za ugradnju moraju predvideti jedno u drugom. Poželjno je da se konačno dobije savijanje manje od 50 centimetara po metru, ili čak manje od 25 ili manje od 10 centimetara po metru. [0040] The subject invention as defined by the patent claims, which is also mentioned as the second aspect of the disclosure, refers to a floor panel, wherein this floor panel is made of a rectangular and oblong shape and includes a base and an upper layer located on this base, wherein the upper layer consists of at least a printed part and a transparent thermoplastic layer located above this printed part, with the feature that the floor panel has a length greater than 110 centimeters, preferably more than 180 centimeters and where the floor panel further includes means to limit bending by its own weight. As longer floor panels are used, the surface can be installed with fewer operations. Bending restraints allow for further enhancement of installation advantages. Namely, by reducing the bending, it is easier to place and/or place the panels, which, at least on one pair of opposite edges, are equipped with mechanical means of connection, which must be provided inside each other for installation. It is desirable to finally obtain a bending of less than 50 centimeters per meter, or even less than 25 or less than 10 centimeters per meter.

[0041] Sredstva koja ograničavaju savijanje najmanje jednog sloja podnog panela čija je gustina veća od 750 kilograma po kubnom metru, pri čemu se navedeni sloj sastoji od tvrdog PVC-a. [0041] Means that limit the bending of at least one layer of a floor panel whose density is greater than 750 kilograms per cubic meter, wherein said layer consists of hard PVC.

[0042] Sredstva koja ograničavaju savijanje mogu dalje da sadrže jednu ili kombinaciju dve ili više sledećih mera: [0042] Means that limit bending may further contain one or a combination of two or more of the following measures:

● meru u kojoj podni panel ima debljinu od 5 milimetara ili više; ● the extent to which the floor panel has a thickness of 5 millimeters or more;

● meru u kojoj podni panel obuhvata najmanje jedan ugrađeni sloj staklenih vlakana, gde se ovaj sloj staklenih vlakana nalazi izvan neutralne ose; ● the extent to which the floor panel includes at least one embedded layer of glass fibers, where this layer of glass fibers is located outside the neutral axis;

● meru u kojoj podni panel obuhvata najmanje jedan ugrađeni profil, gde se ovaj profil globalno pruža u uzdužnom pravcu podnog panela i gde je ovaj profil, u slučaju da su predviđeni spojni delovi u obliku jezička i žleba, poželjno smešten bliže jezičku nego žlebu. ● the extent to which the floor panel includes at least one built-in profile, where this profile extends globally in the longitudinal direction of the floor panel and where this profile, in the case that tongue and groove connecting parts are provided, is preferably located closer to the tongue than to the groove.

[0043] Poželjno, štampani deo na podnom panelu prikazuje šaru drveta, koja se poželjno proteže sa smerom pora u uzdužnom pravcu podnog panela. Poželjno je da se šara drveta, barem u uzdužnom smeru, a poželjno i u pravcu širine podnog panela, ne ponavlja. [0043] Preferably, the printed part on the floor panel shows a wood pattern, which preferably extends with the direction of the pores in the longitudinal direction of the floor panel. It is preferable that the wood pattern, at least in the longitudinal direction, and preferably also in the direction of the width of the floor panel, is not repeated.

[0044] Prema pronalasku, štampani deo je obezbeđen na nosećem listu, pri čemu noseći list, zajedno sa štampanim delom, čini štampani sintetički film. Takav film od sintetičkog materijala može se sastojati uglavnom od PVC (polivinilhlorida), PU (poliuretana) ili PP (polipropilena). [0044] According to the invention, the printed part is provided on a carrier sheet, wherein the carrier sheet, together with the printed part, constitutes a printed synthetic film. Such a synthetic material film can consist mainly of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PU (polyurethane) or PP (polypropylene).

[0045] Štampani deo se poželjno nanosi pomoću procesa ofset štampe na navedeni noseći list ili eventualno direktno na podlogu ispod ili mogući zadnji sloj. Međutim, nije isključeno da se digitalna štampa može primeniti, na primer, pomoću uređaja za mlazno štampanje. Kao mastila, poželjno se primenjuju mastila na bazi UV ili rastvarača. Nije isključeno da se mogu primeniti mastila na bazi vode. Poželjno je da se nanese mastilo na bazi pigmenata. Poželjno, štampanje se izvodi na traci ili rolni takvog sintetičkog filma, zadnjem sloju ili na većoj ploči materijala podloge koja leži ispod, pri čemu se navedeni smer pora poželjno proteže poprečno na ovu traku. Dakle, ofset štampom ili drugim procesima štampe u kojima se primenjuju štamparski cilindri, može se dobiti motiv bez ponavljanja u uzdužnom pravcu podnog panela, čak i kod podnih panela dužine od 1,8 metara ili više. [0045] The printed part is preferably applied by means of an offset printing process to said carrier sheet or possibly directly to the underlying substrate or possible back layer. However, it is not excluded that digital printing can be applied, for example, using jet printing devices. As inks, UV or solvent-based inks are preferably used. It is possible to use water-based inks. It is preferable to apply pigment-based ink. Preferably, the printing is carried out on a strip or roll of such synthetic film, a backing layer or on a larger sheet of underlying substrate material, wherein said pore direction preferably extends transversely to this strip. Therefore, with offset printing or other printing processes in which printing cylinders are applied, a motif can be obtained without repetition in the longitudinal direction of the floor panel, even for floor panels with a length of 1.8 meters or more.

[0046] Upotreba brzosušećih mastila, kao što su mastila na bazi pigmenta, omogućavaju ovakvu tehniku, takođe u ofset štampi, za štampu na donjem sloju sintetičkog materijala, kao što je film od sintetičkog materijala, zadnji sloj ili donja podloga na bazi sintetičkog materijala. Za ovu svrhu su posebno pogodne boje na bazi UV ili rastvarača. Barem kod upotrebe mastila na bazi vode, poželjno se nakon svakog štamparskog cilindra ili štamparske glave, u slučaju digitalnih tehnika, primenjuje odgovarajuća tehnika sušenja. Sa takvim poprečno štampanim šarama drveta na sloju sintetičkog materijala ispod, brzo sušenje je važno za dobijanje dobre rezolucije, na primer, rezolucije više od 250 tačaka po inču, ili još bolje od više od 500 tačaka po inču. [0046] The use of fast-drying inks, such as pigment-based inks, enable this technique, also in offset printing, to print on a lower layer of synthetic material, such as a film of synthetic material, a back layer or a lower substrate based on synthetic material. UV or solvent-based paints are particularly suitable for this purpose. At least when using water-based inks, preferably after each printing cylinder or print head, in the case of digital techniques, a suitable drying technique is applied. With such cross-printed wood patterns on a layer of synthetic material below, rapid drying is important to obtain good resolution, for example, resolution of more than 250 dots per inch, or even better more than 500 dots per inch.

[0047] Jasno je da se takva štampana traka sintetičkog filma, zadnjeg sloja ili štampanog većeg panela materijala podloge može primeniti za proizvodnju većeg broja podnih panela, podelom odgovarajućih slojeva ili ploča. [0047] It is clear that such a printed strip of synthetic film, a back layer or a printed larger panel of substrate material can be applied to produce a larger number of floor panels by dividing the respective layers or panels.

[0048] Poželjno, podni panel ima reljef na svojoj površini, koji je napravljen u skladu sa navedenim štampanim delom, tako da se dobija takozvana reljefna struktura (eng. embossed-inregister). [0048] Preferably, the floor panel has a relief on its surface, which is made in accordance with the mentioned printed part, so that a so-called relief structure (eng. embossed-inregister) is obtained.

[0049] Naravno, nije isključeno da se kombinuje kosina prema prvom aspektu sa podnom pločom koja pokazuje karakteristike drugog aspekta. [0049] Of course, it is not excluded to combine the slope according to the first aspect with a floor slab that shows the characteristics of the second aspect.

[0050] Prema pronalasku, podloga se u suštini sastoji od termoplastičnog materijala, pri čemu je podloga - podloga na bazi vinila, kao što je PVC. [0050] According to the invention, the substrate essentially consists of a thermoplastic material, whereby the substrate is a vinyl-based substrate, such as PVC.

[0051] Ovi materijali imaju dobru otpornost na vodu ili vlagu i lako su dostupni. Poželjno, podloga se u suštini sastoji od panela od penastog sintetičkog materijala. Poželjno, u tom slučaju je u pitanju sintetički materijal tipa zatvorenih ćelija. Penjenjem, pomoću količine sintetičkog materijala uporedive sa količinom podnih panela iz EP 1938 963, dobija se deblja i čvršća podloga, tako da se rizik od pojave uticaja migracije sa donjeg sloja na površinu podne obloge može smanjiti na minimum. [0051] These materials have good resistance to water or moisture and are easily available. Preferably, the substrate consists essentially of a panel of foamed synthetic material. Preferably, in this case, it is a synthetic material of the closed cell type. By foaming, using an amount of synthetic material comparable to the amount of floor panels from EP 1938 963, a thicker and firmer substrate is obtained, so that the risk of migration from the lower layer to the surface of the floor covering can be reduced to a minimum.

[0052] Nije isključeno da se meki PVC može primeniti za podlogu 6. Stručnjacima u tehnici meki PVC je poznat kao materijal koji se dobija na bazi PVC-a i plastifikatora i koji ima gustinu manju od 1,35 grama po kubnom metru. [0052] It is not ruled out that soft PVC can be used for substrate 6. Soft PVC is known to technical experts as a material obtained on the basis of PVC and plasticizer and which has a density of less than 1.35 grams per cubic meter.

[0053] Poželjno, providni termoplastični sloj naveden u različitim aspektima se u suštini sastoji od PVC-a i/ili plastifikatora. Poželjno je da se za proizvodnju ovog sloja koristi pasta koja sadrži procenat plastifikatora između 5 i 75 težinskih procenata. Poželjno, navedeni providni ili prozirni sloj ima tvrdoću prema Šoru A koja se nalazi između 50 i 100. [0053] Preferably, the transparent thermoplastic layer mentioned in the various aspects consists essentially of PVC and/or plasticizer. It is preferable to use a paste containing a percentage of plasticizer between 5 and 75 percent by weight for the production of this layer. Preferably, said transparent or translucent layer has a Shore A hardness of between 50 and 100.

[0054] Jasno je da, gde se pominje „tvrdoća“, podrazumeva se tvrdoća površine odgovarajućeg sloja, podloge ili drugog materijala, mereno na njegovoj ravnoj strani, odnosno na njegovoj strani koja je usmerena nagore u završnom podnom panelu, ili strani koja je relevantna za pojavu ili nepojavljivanje trajnih otisaka. [0054] It is clear that, where "hardness" is mentioned, the hardness of the surface of the corresponding layer, substrate or other material is meant, measured on its flat side, i.e. on its side which is directed upwards in the final floor panel, or the side which is relevant for the appearance or non-appearance of permanent impressions.

[0055] Prema svim aspektima, predmetni pronalazak se prvenstveno odnosi na podne panele ili druge panele koji su kao takvi čvrsti i stoga se ne mogu namotati. Poželjno, završni panel pokazuje debljinu veću od 5 milimetara, međutim, poželjno manje od 15 milimetara. Dobra vrednost za debljinu je 7 do 10 milimetara. Takvi paneli su veoma pogodni za obezbeđivanje mehaničkih sredstava za spajanje na njima, koji omogućavaju povezivanje dva ili više takvih panela jedan sa drugim na njihovim ivicama. Jasno je da su moguće i veće ploče, od kojih se formira veći broj ovakvih podnih panela, a podloge kao takve su krute. Poželjno je da podni paneli, ploče i podloge budu toliko krute da će se savijati manje od 10 centimetara po metru pod sopstvenom težinom. [0055] According to all aspects, the present invention primarily relates to floor panels or other panels which are solid as such and therefore cannot be rolled up. Preferably, the end panel exhibits a thickness greater than 5 millimeters, however, preferably less than 15 millimeters. A good value for thickness is 7 to 10 millimeters. Such panels are very suitable for providing mechanical coupling means thereon, which enable two or more such panels to be connected to each other at their edges. It is clear that larger plates are also possible, from which a greater number of such floor panels are formed, and the substrates are rigid as such. It is desirable that the floor panels, slabs and substrates are so rigid that they will bend less than 10 centimeters per meter under their own weight.

[0056] Prema svim aspektima, podni paneli poželjno imaju širinu od 8 centimetara ili više. Posebno poželjne dimenzije su širina između 14 i 22 centimetra i dužina između 118 i 220 centimetara. [0056] In all aspects, the floor panels preferably have a width of 8 centimeters or more. Particularly preferred dimensions are a width between 14 and 22 centimeters and a length between 118 and 220 centimeters.

[0057] Jasno je da se prema pronalasku pod „podlogom“ podrazumeva unutrašnji sloj samog podnog panela, koji se kao takav može napraviti jednoslojnim ili višeslojnim, međutim, gde odgovarajući sloj ili slojevi imaju ukupnu debljinu koja je veća od polovine debljine celog dotičnog panela i poželjno gde odgovarajući sloj ili slojevi imaju ukupnu težinu koja je poželjno veća od polovine težine celog odgovarajućeg panela. Poželjno je da se kontura odgovarajućih spojnih delova u suštini ili u potpunosti realizuje u podlozi. [0057] It is clear that according to the invention the "substrate" means the inner layer of the floor panel itself, which as such can be made single-layered or multi-layered, however, where the corresponding layer or layers have a total thickness that is greater than half the thickness of the entire panel in question and preferably where the corresponding layer or layers have a total weight that is preferably greater than half the weight of the entire corresponding panel. It is desirable that the contour of the corresponding connecting parts is essentially or completely realized in the substrate.

[0058] Poželjno je da se mogući međusloj ili zadnji sloj proteže iznad horizontalnog nivoa određenog središnjom linijom podnog panela, a još bolje iznad središnje linije mogućih spojnih delova, kao što je iznad središnje linije određene jezičak - žleb spojem. Poželjno je da se mogući međusloj ili zadnji sloj proteže iznad delova za spajanje koji su najvećim delom odgovorni za vertikalno zaključavanje. Ovi delovi za spajanje su, naime, realizovani u podlozi. [0058] It is desirable that the possible interlayer or back layer extends above the horizontal level determined by the centerline of the floor panel, and even better above the centerline of the possible connecting parts, such as above the centerline determined by the tongue-and-groove connection. It is preferable that a possible interlayer or back layer extends above the joining parts which are mostly responsible for the vertical locking. These parts for joining are, namely, realized in the substrate.

[0059] Sa namerom da se bolje pokažu karakteristike pronalaska, u daljem tekstu, kao primer bez ikakvog ograničavajućeg karaktera, opisane su različite implementacije, uz upućivanje na priložene crteže, gde: [0059] With the intention of better showing the features of the invention, in the following text, as an example without any limiting character, various implementations are described, with reference to the attached drawings, where:

Slika 1 predstavlja panel, tačnije podni panel, sa svojstvima između ostalog, prvog aspekta; Slika 2 u poprečnom preseku predstavlja prikaz prema liniji II-II prikazanoj na slici 1; Slika 3, u većoj razmeri, predstavlja pogled na oblast označenu sa F3 na slici 2; Figure 1 represents a panel, more precisely a floor panel, with properties, among others, of the first aspect; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along line II-II shown in Figure 1; Figure 3, on a larger scale, is a view of the area marked F3 in Figure 2;

Slika 4 u poprečnom preseku predstavlja prikaz prema liniji IV-IV prikazanoj na slici 1; Slika 5, u prikazu sličnom onom sa slike 3, predstavlja varijantu; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along line IV-IV shown in Figure 1; Figure 5, in a view similar to that of Figure 3, represents a variant;

Slika 6 u perspektivi predstavlja mogući način spajanja podnih panela; Figure 6 in perspective represents a possible way of connecting floor panels;

Slike 7 do 10 predstavljaju različite mogućnosti za realizaciju kosine u pogledu na oblast označenu sa F7 na slici 2; Figures 7 to 10 present different possibilities for the realization of the slope with respect to the area marked with F7 in Figure 2;

Slike 11 i 12, u prikazu sličnom onom na slikama 3 i 5, predstavljaju još varijanti; Figures 11 and 12, in a view similar to that of Figures 3 and 5, present further variants;

Slike 13 i 14, u prikazu sličnom onom sa desnog dela na slici 4, predstavljaju još jednu mogućnost za realizaciju podnog panela. Figures 13 and 14, in a view similar to the one on the right in Figure 4, represent another possibility for the realization of a floor panel.

Slika 15 prikazuje postupak koji ima karakteristike trećeg aspekta pronalaska, koji će biti detaljnije opisan u daljem tekstu; Figure 15 shows a process that has the characteristics of the third aspect of the invention, which will be described in more detail below;

Slika 16 predstavlja podni panel koja ima svojstva drugog aspekta pomenutog u uvodu; Slika 17 predstavlja poprečni presek prema liniji XVII-XVII prikazanoj na slici 16; Fig. 16 represents a floor panel having the features of the second aspect mentioned in the introduction; Figure 17 represents a cross-section according to line XVII-XVII shown in Figure 16;

Slika 18 predstavlja poprečni presek prema liniji XVIII-XVIII prikazanoj na slici 17; Slike 19 i 20, u pogledu sličnom onom na levom delu slike 17, predstavljaju varijante. Slika 20 predstavlja tehničko rešenje prema predmetnom pronalasku. Figure 18 represents a cross-section according to the line XVIII-XVIII shown in Figure 17; Figures 19 and 20, in a view similar to that of the left part of Figure 17, represent variants. Figure 20 represents a technical solution according to the present invention.

[0060] Slika 1 predstavlja podni panel 1 sa svojstvima, između ostalog, prvog aspekta. U ovom slučaju, ovo se odnosi na pravougaoni i duguljasti podni panel 1 sa parom dugih strana ili ivica 2-3 i parom kratkih strana ili ivica 4-5. [0060] Figure 1 represents a floor panel 1 with properties, among others, of the first aspect. In this case, this refers to a rectangular and oblong floor panel 1 with a pair of long sides or edges 2-3 and a pair of short sides or edges 4-5.

[0061] Slika 2 predstavlja podni panel 1 tipa koji sadrži najmanje podlogu 6 i gornji sloj 7 koji se nalazi na njoj. U primeru, gornji sloj 7 ima debljinu T od najmanje 0,5 milimetara. Ovde se posebno radi o žarenom termoplastičnom gornjem sloju, koji se u suštini sastoji od PVC-a. [0061] Figure 2 represents a floor panel of type 1 containing at least a base 6 and an upper layer 7 located on it. In the example, the top layer 7 has a thickness T of at least 0.5 millimeters. This is specifically about the annealed thermoplastic top layer, which essentially consists of PVC.

[0062] Slika 3 pokazuje da je termoplastični gornji sloj 7 poželjno kao takav sastavljen od zadnjeg sloja 8, motiva 9 na njemu i providnog termoplastičnog sloja ili habajućeg sloja 10. Ovde, zadnji sloj 8 poželjno pokriva debljinu T1 veću od 45 procenata ukupne debljine T gornjeg sloja 7. U ovom slučaju, zadnji sloj 8 se sastoji od sloja mekog recikliranog PVC-a koji je punjen kredom. U ovom slučaju, zadnji sloj 8 kao takav ima veću gustinu od navedenog providnog ili prozirnog sloja 10. U ovom slučaju, motiv 9 je obezbeđen na nosaču 11. U ovom slučaju, ovo se odnosi na štampanu PVC foliju. Za providni termoplastični sloj ili habajući sloj 10, poželjno je naneti PVC sloj debljine T2 od minimalno 0,2 milimetra. Poželjno je da PVC sloj nije deblji od 0,5 milimetara. Pronalazači su otkrili da debljina T2 od 0,15 do 0,4 milimetara utiče na dobru otpornost na habanje, čak i kada bi trebalo da bude u suštini bez čvrstih aditiva, kao što su keramičke čestice, na primer, čestice aluminijum oksida, koje bi kao takve mogle uticati na povećanje otpornost na habanje. Ukupna debljina T navedenog gornjeg sloja 7 je poželjno između 0,5 i 3 milimetra, pri čemu je poželjna debljina T od 1 do 2 milimetra. U slučajevima kada se ne koristi zadnji sloj 8, ukupna debljina gornjeg sloja 7 naravno može biti tanja, na primer, debljina između 0,2 i 1 milimetar, na primer, debljina od približno 0,5 milimetara. [0062] Figure 3 shows that the thermoplastic top layer 7 is preferably composed as such of a back layer 8, a motif 9 on it and a transparent thermoplastic layer or wear layer 10. Here, the back layer 8 preferably covers a thickness T1 greater than 45 percent of the total thickness T of the top layer 7. In this case, the back layer 8 consists of a layer of soft recycled PVC that is filled with chalk. In this case, the back layer 8 as such has a higher density than said transparent or transparent layer 10. In this case, the motif 9 is provided on the carrier 11. In this case, this refers to a printed PVC film. For the transparent thermoplastic layer or wearing layer 10, it is preferable to apply a PVC layer with a thickness T2 of at least 0.2 millimeters. It is preferable that the PVC layer is no thicker than 0.5 millimeters. The inventors found that a T2 thickness of 0.15 to 0.4 millimeters affects good wear resistance, even when it should be essentially free of solid additives, such as ceramic particles, for example, aluminum oxide particles, which as such could have the effect of increasing wear resistance. The total thickness T of said upper layer 7 is preferably between 0.5 and 3 millimeters, with a thickness T of 1 to 2 millimeters being preferred. In cases where the back layer 8 is not used, the overall thickness of the top layer 7 may of course be thinner, for example a thickness between 0.2 and 1 millimeter, for example a thickness of approximately 0.5 millimeters.

[0063] Za podlogu 6 podnog panela 1 sa slike 1 koristi se podloga 6 koja se sastoji od čestica drveta, u ovom slučaju, drvenih vlakana, vezanih vezivnim sredstvom, kao što je MDF ili HDF. Poželjno, primenjeni materijal podloge ima sadržaj preostale vlage manji od 10 težinskih procenata. Umesto MDF-a ili HDF-a, može se izabrati i podloga male gustine, na primer, manja od 600 kilograma po kubnom metru. Ovo se može odnositi, na primer, na materijal na bazi drveta koji sadrži drvena vlakna, koja se dobijaju od recikliranog drveta i koja su, takođe, vezana vezivnim sredstvom. Takođe, može se izabrati i panel od iverice. [0063] For the substrate 6 of the floor panel 1 from Figure 1, a substrate 6 is used, which consists of wood particles, in this case, wood fibers, bound with a binder, such as MDF or HDF. Preferably, the substrate material used has a residual moisture content of less than 10 percent by weight. Instead of MDF or HDF, a low-density substrate can be chosen, for example, less than 600 kilograms per cubic meter. This can refer, for example, to a wood-based material containing wood fibers, which are obtained from recycled wood and which are also bound with a binder. You can also choose a chipboard panel.

[0064] Na donjoj strani podloge 6 nalazi se donji sloj 12 ili pozadinski sloj. U ovom slučaju, zaštitni sloj se sastoji od termoplastičnog sintetičkog materijala. Poželjno, za pozadinski sloj ili donji sloj 12, nanosi se PVC, poželjno reciklirani PVC, napunjen kredom ili toplotopivim lepkom. U principu, za pozadinski sloj ili donji sloj 12 može se primeniti sličan sastav kao i za zadnji sloj 8 koji se nalazi u gornjem sloju 7. Naravno, može se izabrati i drugi, poželjno paronepropusni sloj, svakako u slučajevima u kojima nema zadnjeg sloja 8, ili u slučajevima kada se koristi žareni ili reklasirani termoplastični gornji sloj. Takav paronepropusni pozadinski sloj ili donji sloj može se sastojati, na primer, od supstance koja se nanosi u tečnom stanju, koja se stvrdne na donjoj strani podloge, na primer, supstanca na bazi vinila ili toplotopivi lepak, koji je zatim poželjno na bazi poliuretana. [0064] On the lower side of the substrate 6 there is a lower layer 12 or background layer. In this case, the protective layer consists of a thermoplastic synthetic material. Preferably, for the background layer or bottom layer 12, PVC, preferably recycled PVC, filled with chalk or hot melt adhesive is applied. In principle, a similar composition can be used for the background layer or bottom layer 12 as for the back layer 8 located in the top layer 7. Of course, another, preferably vapor-impermeable layer can be chosen, certainly in cases where there is no back layer 8, or in cases where an annealed or reclassified thermoplastic top layer is used. Such a vapor barrier backing layer or underlayer may consist, for example, of a liquid applied substance which hardens on the underside of the substrate, for example a vinyl-based substance or a hot-melt adhesive, which is then preferably polyurethane-based.

[0065] Podloga 6 je poželjno napravljena pigmentisana u boji koja odgovara boji navedenog zadnjeg sloja 8, na primer, i podloga 6 i zadnji sloj 8 su u crnoj, ili oba u beloj boji. [0065] The base 6 is preferably made pigmented in a color corresponding to the color of said back layer 8, for example, both the base 6 and the back layer 8 are in black, or both in white.

[0066] Podni panel 1 sa slika 1 do 4 prikazuje ivični deo 13 od sintetičkog materijala na najmanje jednoj ivici 4, u ovom slučaju na obe suprotne ivice kratkog para strana 4-5, pri čemu se navedeni sintetički materijal razlikuje od materijala podloge 6. Ovaj sintetički materijal se odnosi na meru za postizanje povećane otpornosti na vlagu ili prodiranje vlage u materijal podloge 6. U ovom slučaju, sintetički materijal se prostire najmanje preko 80 procenata debljine T3 podloge. Vezanje ivičnog dela 13 za materijal podloge 6 se postiže očvršćavanjem navedenog sintetičkog materijala na odgovarajućem delu materijala podloge 6. U ovom slučaju, očvršćavanjem sintetičkog materijala, takođe se postiže prianjanje na donju stranu gornjeg sloja 7 i na bočne ivice 14 pozadinskog sloja 12. Ovo poslednje nije nužno slučaj. Tako, na primer, ili gornji sloj 7 ili pozadinski sloj 12 mogu biti zalepljeni na gornju ili donju stranu, redom, ivičnog dela 13. [0066] The floor panel 1 from figures 1 to 4 shows an edge part 13 of synthetic material on at least one edge 4, in this case on both opposite edges of the short pair of sides 4-5, wherein said synthetic material differs from the material of the substrate 6. This synthetic material refers to a measure to achieve increased resistance to moisture or the penetration of moisture into the material of the substrate 6. In this case, the synthetic material extends at least over 80 percentage of T3 substrate thickness. Bonding of the edge part 13 to the substrate material 6 is achieved by curing said synthetic material on the corresponding part of the substrate material 6. In this case, by curing the synthetic material, adhesion to the underside of the upper layer 7 and to the side edges 14 of the background layer 12 is also achieved. The latter is not necessarily the case. Thus, for example, either the top layer 7 or the back layer 12 can be glued to the top or bottom side, respectively, of the edge portion 13.

[0067] Slika 2 predstavlja da se veza između ivičnog dela 13 i materijala podloge 6 pruža preko granične površine 15, koja obuhvata delimične površine 16 koje se protežu poprečno na normalu površine 17 panela 1. U ovom slučaju, odgovarajuće delimične površine 16 se protežu približno horizontalno. Međutim, to nije nužno tako i mogu se koristiti nagnute parcijalne površine i/ili zakrivljene granične površine. [0067] Figure 2 represents that the connection between the edge part 13 and the material of the substrate 6 extends over the boundary surface 15, which includes partial surfaces 16 that extend transversely to the normal of the surface 17 of the panel 1. In this case, the corresponding partial surfaces 16 extend approximately horizontally. However, this is not necessarily the case and inclined partial surfaces and/or curved boundary surfaces can be used.

[0068] Primer, takođe, prikazuje da se odgovarajuće ivice 4-5 materijala podloge 6 mogu formirati isključivo od navedenog ivičnog dela 13. U tim slučajevima, odgovarajuća potpuna zaštita materijala podloge 6 se dobija na odgovarajućim ivicama 4-5. [0068] The example also shows that the corresponding edges 4-5 of the substrate material 6 can be formed exclusively from the said edge part 13. In those cases, the corresponding complete protection of the substrate material 6 is obtained at the respective edges 4-5.

[0069] Za sintetički materijal ivičnih delova 13 koristi se materijal dobijen na osnovu dvokomponentnog sistema. Poželjno, primenjuje se poliuretan, dobijen na bazi komponenti poliol i izocijanat. Pomoću ovog materijala može se dobiti hemijska veza za čestice drveta podloge 6. Štaviše, poželjno je da poliuretan ima karakteristike polimera koji toplotno otvrdnjava. [0069] For the synthetic material of the edge parts 13, the material obtained on the basis of the two-component system is used. Preferably, polyurethane is applied, obtained on the basis of polyol and isocyanate components. With this material, a chemical bond can be obtained for the wood particles of the substrate 6. Moreover, it is desirable that the polyurethane has the characteristics of a heat-curing polymer.

[0070] Slika 2 predstavlja da su odgovarajuće ivice 4-5 napravljene sa profilom i da ovaj profil sadrži sredstva 18 za spajanje, sa kojima se ovaj panel 1 može spojiti sa drugim sličnim panelima 1, kao što je prikazano isprekidanom linijom 19. U spojenom stanju, koja ovde nije prikazana, zaključavanje se vrši u horizontalnom pravcu H1 upravno na ivicu i u ravni panela 1, kao i u vertikalnom pravcu V1 upravno na ravan. Sredstva 18 za spajanje koja su ovde predstavljena u suštini su napravljena kao jezičak 20 i žleb 21, oivičeni donjim rubom 22 i gornjim rubom 23. Za postizanje zaključavanja u horizontalnom pravcu H1, jezičak 20 i žleb 21 su opremljeni delovima 24-25 za zaključavanje koji sarađuju, u ovom slučaju u vidu izbočine 24 na donjoj strani jezička 20 i udubljenja 25 u donjem rubu 23 žleba. U ovom slučaju, profil jezička može da se uvede u žleb 21 najmanje pomoću okretnog pokreta W duž odgovarajuće ivice za dobijanje spojenog stanja. Poželjno, sredstva 18 za spajanje, takođe, omogućavaju druga pomeranja za spajanje, kao što je spajanje pomoću suštinski horizontalnog pomeranja panela 1 jedan prema drugom. [0070] Figure 2 represents that the corresponding edges 4-5 are made with a profile and that this profile contains connecting means 18, with which this panel 1 can be connected to other similar panels 1, as shown by the broken line 19. In the connected state, which is not shown here, the locking is done in the horizontal direction H1 perpendicular to the edge and in the plane of the panel 1, as well as in the vertical direction V1 perpendicular to the plane. The connecting means 18 presented here are essentially made as a tongue 20 and a groove 21, bordered by a lower edge 22 and an upper edge 23. To achieve locking in the horizontal direction H1, the tongue 20 and the groove 21 are provided with cooperating locking parts 24-25, in this case in the form of a projection 24 on the underside of the tongue 20 and a recess 25 in the lower edge 23 grooves. In this case, the profile of the tab can be introduced into the groove 21 at least by means of a rotary movement W along the corresponding edge to obtain a joined state. Preferably, the joining means 18 also enable other movements for joining, such as joining by substantially horizontal movement of the panels 1 towards each other.

[0071] Jasno je da se i na dugim stranama 2-3 podnog panela 1 mogu koristiti ivični delovi 13, kao što je prikazano pomoću slike 2. [0071] It is clear that edge parts 13 can also be used on the long sides 2-3 of the floor panel 1, as shown by Figure 2.

[0072] Slika 4 predstavlja da se na drugom paru suprotnih ivica 2-3, u ovom slučaju na dugim stranama 2-3 podnog panela 1, izvode druge mere za postizanje povećane otpornosti na vlagu ili prodiranje vlage u njenu podlogu. Podloga ima profil 26 na odgovarajućim ivicama 2-3, a na ovaj profil 26 je nanesen sloj 27 koji odbija vlagu ili zaptivni sloj, u ovom slučaju toplotopljivi lepak, koji može biti na bazi na npr. poliuretana. [0072] Figure 4 represents that on the second pair of opposite edges 2-3, in this case on the long sides 2-3 of the floor panel 1, other measures are taken to achieve increased resistance to moisture or the penetration of moisture into its substrate. The base has a profile 26 on the corresponding edges 2-3, and on this profile 26 is applied a layer 27 that repels moisture or a sealing layer, in this case hot-melt glue, which can be based on e.g. polyurethane.

[0073] U primeru, ova obloga 27 se proteže duž dugih strana 2-3 podnog panela 1 najmanje preko celog rastojanja između ivičnih delova 13 kratkog para ivica 2-3. Ovde se ovo odnosi na pokrivni sloj 27, koji je primenjen kalibrisan najmanje na deo profilisanog ivičnog regiona ili profila 26, tako da prisutno sredstvo 18 za spajanje i delovi 24-25 za zaključavanje nisu ili skoro da nisu ometani prilikom izvođenja pokreta spajanja. [0073] In the example, this covering 27 extends along the long sides 2-3 of the floor panel 1 at least over the entire distance between the edge parts 13 of the short edge pair 2-3. Here this refers to the cover layer 27, which is applied calibrated at least to a part of the profiled edge region or profile 26, so that the present joining means 18 and the locking parts 24-25 are not or almost not obstructed when performing the joining movement.

[0074] Posebnost pokrivnog sloja 27 koji je ovde predstavljen je u tome što se proteže preko profila 26 do bočne površine 28 navedenog gornjeg sloja 7. Ovo je jasno prikazano pomoću slike 5. Štaviše, pokrivni sloj, barem na jednom od dugačke ivice, u ovom slučaju na obe dugačke ivice 2-3, obezbeđen je u podrezu 29 koji je izveden u navedenoj bočnoj površini 28. Ovom merom se postiže da se u spojenom stanju dobije razmak manji od 0,2 milimetra između gornjih ivica 30 panela 1, a u ovom slučaju čak i bez razmaka. [0074] The particularity of the cover layer 27 presented here is that it extends over the profile 26 to the side surface 28 of the said top layer 7. This is clearly shown by means of figure 5. Moreover, the cover layer, at least on one of the long edges, in this case on both long edges 2-3, is provided in the undercut 29 which is made in the said side surface 28. This measure achieves to obtain in the joined state a gap of less than 0.2 millimeters between the upper edges 30 of panels 1, and in this case even without a gap.

[0075] Pokrivni sloj 27 se maksimalno proteže do tačke 31 na rastojanju od gornje ivice 30 ili ukrasne strane 17 odgovarajućeg panela 1. U ovoj tački 31, obloga 27 je uronjena barem delimično, u ovom slučaju čak i potpuno, u navedeno udubljenje 29. [0075] The covering layer 27 extends maximally to a point 31 at a distance from the upper edge 30 or the decorative side 17 of the corresponding panel 1. At this point 31, the covering 27 is immersed at least partially, in this case even completely, in said recess 29.

[0076] Generalno, tačka 31 je poželjno smeštena u navedenom udubljenju 29 predviđenom na bočnoj površini 28 gornjeg sloja 7. Poželjno, navedeno udubljenje se proteže u znatnoj meri ili čak u potpunosti ispod motiva 9 gornjeg sloja 7, kao što je ovde slučaj. [0076] Generally, the point 31 is preferably located in said depression 29 provided on the side surface 28 of the upper layer 7. Preferably, said depression extends substantially or even completely below the motif 9 of the upper layer 7, as is the case here.

[0077] U primeru na slici 4, pokrivni sloj 27 se nanosi najmanje kalibrisan na deo profilisane ivice ili profil 26, koji, u spojenom stanju dva takva panela 1, formira kontaktnu površinu 32-33-34-35. U ovom slučaju, ovo je obezbeđeno najmanje kalibrisano na kontaktnim površinama 32-33 odgovornim za vertikalno zaključavanje V1 i na kontaktnim površinama 34-35 odgovornim za horizontalno zaključavanje H1. [0077] In the example in Figure 4, the cover layer 27 is applied at least calibrated to a part of the profiled edge or profile 26, which, in the joined state of two such panels 1, forms the contact surface 32-33-34-35. In this case, this is provided at least calibrated on contact surfaces 32-33 responsible for vertical locking V1 and on contact surfaces 34-35 responsible for horizontal locking H1.

[0078] Prema primeru sa slike 4, na dugačkom paru suprotnih ivica 2-3 primenjena su slična sredstva 18 za spajanje kao na kratkom paru suprotnih ivica 4-5, tako što takođe omogućavaju spajanje barem pomoću okretnog pokreta W duž odgovarajućih ivica. Međutim, to nije nužno tako, i moguće je da je spajanje okretanjem moguće samo na dugom paru ivica 2-3, dok kratki par ivica 4-5, na primer, omogućava barem spajanje pomoću pokreta N za spajanje, suštinski horizontalnog ili nadole, odgovarajućih ivica 4-5 jedne prema drugoj. Takva implementacija je prikazana na slici 6. [0078] According to the example of figure 4, on the long pair of opposite edges 2-3, similar coupling means 18 are applied as on the short pair of opposite edges 4-5, so that they also enable coupling at least by means of a rotary movement W along the respective edges. However, this is not necessarily the case, and it is possible that spin joining is possible only on the long pair of edges 2-3, while the short pair of edges 4-5, for example, allows at least joining by a movement N to join, substantially horizontal or downward, the corresponding edges 4-5 towards each other. Such an implementation is shown in Figure 6.

[0079] Podni panel 1 sa slike 6 ima, na kratkom paru ivica 4-5, sredstva 18 za spajanje, koja omogućavaju spajanje pomoću pomeranja nadole N sredstva za spajanje na jednoj ivici 4 u sredstvo za spajanje na drugoj ivici 5. Ovde su sredstva 18 za spajanje izvedena kao muški spojni deo 36 i ženski spojni deo 37, pri čemu se muški spojni deo 36 može smestiti u ženski spojni deo 37 pomoću navedenog pokreta nadole N. [0079] The floor panel 1 of figure 6 has, on the short pair of edges 4-5, connection means 18, which enable the connection by downward movement N of the connection means on one edge 4 to the connection means on the other edge 5. Here, the connection means 18 are implemented as a male connection part 36 and a female connection part 37, whereby the male connection part 36 can be placed in the female connection part 37 by means of the said downward motion N.

[0080] Slika 6 prikazuje kako se ovi paneli 1 mogu spojiti, pri čemu su ovi paneli 1, na dugim stranama 2-3, opremljeni sredstvima 18 za spajanje, koja omogućavaju barem spajanje pomoću okretnog pokreta W, a na kratkim stranama 4-5, imaju sredstva 18 za spajanje, koja omogućavaju najmanje spajanje pomoću pokreta nadole N. Kao što je prikazano, ona se mogu zahvatiti jedna u druga pomoću jednog pokreta N preklapanja, pri čemu se duge strane 2-3 okreću jedna u drugu i automatski se stvara nadole pokret N za spajanje na kratkim stranicama 4-5. Pri okretanju na dugim stranicama 2-3, kao i pri automatskom pomeranju nadole N na kratkom paru ivica, može doći do kontakta između gornjih ivica 30 podnih panela, pri čemu može dođi do izbočenja termoplastičnog materijala habajućeg sloja 10 na mestu ovih gornjih ivica 30. Prvi aspekt može minimizirati rizik od pojave takvih ispupčenih ivica. [0080] Fig. 6 shows how these panels 1 can be joined, wherein these panels 1, on their long sides 2-3, are equipped with joining means 18, which allow at least joining by means of a turning movement W, and on the short sides 4-5, they have joining means 18, which allow at least joining by means of a downward movement N. As shown, they can be engaged with each other by means of a single overlapping movement N, with the long sides 2-3 they turn into each other and a downward motion N is automatically created to join the short sides 4-5. When turning on long sides 2-3, as well as when automatically moving down N on a short pair of edges, contact can occur between the upper edges 30 of the floor panels, whereby the thermoplastic material of the wear layer 10 can protrude at the place of these upper edges 30. The first aspect can minimize the risk of such protruding edges.

[0081] Posebnost prvog aspekta je u tome što je, kao što je jasno prikazano slikama 1 do 5, podni panel 1, najmanje na dve suprotne ivice 2-3, opremljen kosinom 38, u ovom slučaju ravnom kosinom. U primerima, ova kosnina 38 je kombinovana sa relativno tankim providnim termoplastičnim slojem ili habajućim slojem 10, koji, na primer, ima debljinu T2 od približno 0,3 milimetra. Ovde se kosina 38 proteže ispod globalnog nivoa N1 štampanog dela 9 i poželjno do ispod globalnog nivoa N2 štampanog filma ili nosača 11. U predstavljenim slučajevima, ovo se svaki put odnosi na kosinu 38 ostvarenu pomoću prve mogućnosti za to, navedene u uvodu. Ovim je štampani deo 9 izostavljen na delu površine kosine 38. Predstavljene kosine 38-38A formiraju ugao A od približno 45° sa površinom panela ili dekorativnom stranom 17. U spojenom stanju dva takva podna panela 1, kao što je ovde prikazano, kreira se V-žleb. U ovom slučaju, dno 39 V-žleba je formirano linijom, ili, kao što se vidi u ovom poprečnom preseku, tačkom, i stoga je očigledno manje od jedne petine širine B1 otvora V-žleba na gornjoj površini ili dekorativnoj strani 17 spojenih panela, a takođe je manje od dubine D1 V-žleba. [0081] The peculiarity of the first aspect is that, as clearly shown in figures 1 to 5, the floor panel 1, at least on two opposite edges 2-3, is equipped with a bevel 38, in this case a flat bevel. In examples, this chamfer 38 is combined with a relatively thin transparent thermoplastic layer or wear layer 10, which, for example, has a thickness T2 of approximately 0.3 millimeters. Here, the slope 38 extends below the global level N1 of the printed part 9 and preferably to below the global level N2 of the printed film or support 11. In the presented cases, this always refers to the slope 38 realized by means of the first possibility for it, mentioned in the introduction. The printed part 9 is thereby omitted on part of the surface of the bevel 38. The bevels 38-38A shown form an angle A of approximately 45° with the panel surface or decorative side 17. In the joined state of two such floor panels 1, as shown here, a V-groove is created. In this case, the bottom 39 of the V-groove is formed by a line, or, as seen in this cross-section, a point, and therefore is obviously less than one-fifth of the width B1 of the V-groove opening on the upper surface or decorative side 17 of the joined panels, and is also less than the depth D1 of the V-groove.

[0082] U primeru slika 1 do 5, takva kosina 38 je predviđena na svim ivicama 2-3-4-5 pravougaonog i duguljastog podnog panela 1. Prema varijantama, takva kosina 38, na primer, može da se izostavi na kratkom paru ivica 4-5. Takođe se primećuje da je na slici 3 isprekidanom linijom prikazana kosina 38A, koja se proteže do ispod globalnog nivoa N2 nosača 11, dok se kosina 38, predstavljena punom linijom, zaista proteže ispod globalnog nivoa N1 štampanog dela 9, međutim, ne i ispod globalnog nivoa N2 nosača. [0082] In the example of figures 1 to 5, such a bevel 38 is provided on all edges 2-3-4-5 of the rectangular and oblong floor panel 1. According to variants, such bevel 38, for example, can be omitted on a short pair of edges 4-5. It is also noted that in FIG. 3 the slope 38A is shown by a broken line, which extends below the global level of the N2 support 11, while the slope 38, represented by a solid line, does indeed extend below the global level N1 of the printed part 9, but not below the global level of the N2 support.

[0083] Slika 5 predstavlja da takva kosina 38 može da ima posebni dekorativni sloj 40, na primer, sloj laka ili sloj za transfer štampe. Ispod najdublje tačke ili dna 39 odgovarajućih ivica 38 spojenih panela 1, stvara se kontaktna površina 41 na zadnjim slojevima 8. Poželjno, ovde na mestu kontaktne površine 41 dolazi do kompresije materijala zadnjeg sloja 8. Kontaktna površina 41 je aktivna u zaključavanju u navedenom horizontalnom pravcu H1. U primerima, a, gledano u poprečnom preseku, zatvorena komora ili šupljina 42 se nalazi ispod ove kontaktne površine. [0083] Figure 5 shows that such a slope 38 can have a special decorative layer 40, for example, a varnish layer or a layer for transfer printing. Below the deepest point or bottom 39 of the respective edges 38 of the joined panels 1, a contact surface 41 is created on the back layers 8. Preferably, here at the place of the contact surface 41 the material of the back layer 8 is compressed. The contact surface 41 is active in locking in the specified horizontal direction H1. In examples a, viewed in cross-section, a closed chamber or cavity 42 is located below this contact surface.

[0084] Gore navedeni primeri kosine 38-38A su realizovani pomoću prve mogućnosti navedene u uvodu. [0084] The above examples of slope 38-38A are realized using the first possibility mentioned in the introduction.

[0085] Slika 7 predstavlja mogućnost realizacije kosine 38, pri čemu se u ovom slučaju primenjuje druga mogućnost navedena u uvodu. Odgovarajuća ivica se formira lokalnim pritiskom gornjeg sloja 7 na dotičnoj ivici 5. Ovde se primenjuje pritisni element 43, u ovom slučaju kotrljajući element 43, koji se eventualno može zagrejati. Takođe je moguće zagrejati prozirni termoplastični sloj 10 pre pritiskanja, na primer, pomoću uređaja sa infracrvenim snopom, pri čemu se onda eventualno može koristiti pritisni element 43 koji je samo malo zagrejan, na primer, da maksimalno 40°C ili 35°C, sa negrejanim, dakle na sobnoj temperaturi, ili sa ohlađenim ispod sobne temperature, na primer, maksimalno do 15°C. U vezi sa slikom 7, takođe se napominje da pritiskanje u ovom slučaju, takođe, dovodi do lokalnog sabijanja podloge 6. Umesto podloge 6 ili u kombinaciji sa njom, takođe se mogući zadnji sloj 8, koji ovde nije predstavljen, može kompresovati lokalno. [0085] Figure 7 represents the possibility of realization of slope 38, whereby in this case the second possibility mentioned in the introduction is applied. The corresponding edge is formed by local pressure of the upper layer 7 on the respective edge 5. Here, a pressure element 43 is applied, in this case a rolling element 43, which can possibly be heated. It is also possible to heat the transparent thermoplastic layer 10 before pressing, for example, using a device with an infrared beam, in which case it is possible to use a pressing element 43 that is only slightly heated, for example, to a maximum of 40°C or 35°C, with an unheated one, i.e. at room temperature, or with a cooled one below room temperature, for example, a maximum of 15°C. In connection with Fig. 7, it is also noted that pressing in this case also leads to local compression of the substrate 6. Instead of the substrate 6 or in combination with it, also a possible back layer 8, not represented here, can be compressed locally.

[0086] Slike 8 i 9, takođe, predstavljaju primer navedene druge mogućnosti za realizaciju kosine 38. Da bi se olakšalo utiskivanje, u ovom slučaju podloga 6 je opremljena urezom 44, koji bar delimično nudi prostor za deo materijala utisnut nadole. Naravno, lepak 45 se može obezbediti u urezu kako bi se minimiziralo ili sprečilo otpuštanje pritisnutih gornjih ivica 30. Moguće je da bočna ivica 46 kosine 38 mora biti naknadno obrađena da bi se postigao dobar spoj podnih panela 1, na primer, obezbeđivanjem bočne ivice 46A koja se proteže okomito na globalnu dekorativnu stranu 17, kao što je prikazano isprekidanom linijom, na primer, pomoću obrade sečenjem. [0086] Figures 8 and 9 also represent an example of the mentioned second possibility for realizing the slope 38. In order to facilitate the pressing, in this case the base 6 is equipped with a notch 44, which at least partially offers a space for a part of the material pressed down. Of course, adhesive 45 may be provided in the notch to minimize or prevent loosening of the pressed upper edges 30. It is possible that the side edge 46 of the bevel 38 must be post-processed to achieve a good joint of the floor panels 1, for example, by providing a side edge 46A that extends perpendicularly to the global decorative side 17, as shown in broken line, for example, by means of a cutting process.

[0087] Slika 10 predstavlja još jedan primer gore navedene druge mogućnosti za izvođenje kosine 38. Predstavljena je veća ploča od materijala podloge koja sadrži najmanje podloge 6 od dva podna panela 1. Ovi podni paneli 1 se dobijaju, između ostalog, podelom veće table. Pri tome će biti izgubljena količina 47 materijala koji se nalazi između konačno izvedenih profilisanih ivica 4-5 odgovarajućih podnih panela 1. Da bi se olakšalo presovanje, podloga 6 je prethodno oblikovana. U tom cilju, na visini kosina 38 koje treba obezbediti, u završnoj ukrasnoj strani 17, ovde prikazanoj isprekidanom linijom, predviđeno je udubljenje 48 ili otisak. Kompozitni slojevi 9-10-11 gornjeg sloja 7 su povezani sa prethodno formiranom podlogom 6 preko sloja lepka 49, na primer, poliuretanskog disperzionog lepka. Pre lepljenja, sastavni slojevi 9-10-11 se međusobno već mogu zalepiti, na primer, spojiti ili na drugi način laminirati. Naravno, takođe je moguće da sastavni slojevi sadrže zadnji sloj 8, međutim, to ovde nije predstavljeno. Za postizanje dobrog utiskivanja kompozitnih slojeva 9-10-11 na podlogu 6, moguće je raditi, kao što je ovde, sa elementom 50 za presovanje, koji sadrži izbočine 51 koje odgovaraju udubljenjima 48. Takav element 50 za presovanje se, takođe, može primeniti bez prethodnog deformisanja podloge 6, pri čemu se tada tokom presovanja može postići kompresija materijala podloge. [0087] Figure 10 represents another example of the above-mentioned second possibility for the execution of the slope 38. A larger plate of base material is presented that contains at least the base 6 of the two floor panels 1. These floor panels 1 are obtained, among other things, by dividing the larger board. In doing so, the amount of material 47 between the finally formed profiled edges 4-5 of the respective floor panels 1 will be lost. To facilitate the pressing, the base 6 is pre-shaped. To this end, at the height of the slopes 38 to be provided, in the final decorative side 17, shown here in broken line, a recess 48 or impression is provided. The composite layers 9-10-11 of the upper layer 7 are connected to the previously formed substrate 6 via an adhesive layer 49, for example, a polyurethane dispersion adhesive. Before gluing, the component layers 9-10-11 can already be glued together, for example, joined or otherwise laminated. Of course, it is also possible for the constituent layers to comprise a back layer 8, however, this is not presented here. In order to achieve a good pressing of the composite layers 9-10-11 on the substrate 6, it is possible to work, as here, with a pressing element 50, which contains protrusions 51 corresponding to the depressions 48. Such a pressing element 50 can also be applied without prior deformation of the substrate 6, whereby compression of the substrate material can then be achieved during pressing.

[0088] U primerima na slikama 7 do 10, dobijeno je da se štampani deo 9 neprekidno proteže sa površine ili dekorativne strane 17 podnog panela 1 preko cele ili približno cele površine kosine 38. [0088] In the examples in Figures 7 to 10, it is obtained that the printed part 9 continuously extends from the surface or decorative side 17 of the floor panel 1 over the entire or approximately the entire surface of the slope 38.

[0089] Mogući površinski sloj laka, na primer, sloj laka koji otvrdnjava UV zračenjem, može se obezbediti i/ili očvrsnuti na podnoj ploči pre ili posle realizacije kosine 38, prema čemu se tada i ova kosina 38 realizuje. Na primer, u slučaju druge mogućnosti, može biti korisno obezbediti i/ili očvrsnuti sloj laka tek nakon realizacije kosine 38. Naime, očvrsli sloj laka može da pukne kada se pritisne zajedno sa providnim termoplastičnim slojem 10. [0089] A possible surface layer of varnish, for example, a layer of varnish that hardens with UV radiation, can be provided and/or hardened on the floor plate before or after the realization of the bevel 38, according to which this bevel 38 is then also realized. For example, in the case of the second possibility, it may be useful to provide and/or harden the varnish layer only after the realization of the bevel 38. Namely, the hardened varnish layer can crack when pressed together with the transparent thermoplastic layer 10.

[0090] Slika 11 predstavlja druge podne panele sa kosinom 38 sličnom onoj sa slike 5, ali koja je napravljena zakrivljena i globalno se proteže pod uglom A od približno 40° sa površinom panela ili dekorativnom stranom 17. [0090] Fig. 11 presents other floor panels with a slope 38 similar to that of Fig. 5, but which is made curved and globally extends at an angle A of approximately 40° with the panel surface or decorative side 17.

[0091] Slika 12 predstavlja druge podne panele sa kosinom 38, pri čemu ovi podni paneli 1 u spojenom stanju pokazuju V-žleb formiran od kosina 38, a gde dno 39 ovog V-žleba pokazuje širinu B2 koja je manja od jedne trećine širine B1 otvora V-žleba na dekorativnoj strani 17 spojenih podnih panela 1. [0091] Figure 12 presents other floor panels with a slope 38, wherein these floor panels 1 in the joined state show a V-groove formed by the slope 38, and where the bottom 39 of this V-groove shows a width B2 that is less than one third of the width B1 of the opening of the V-groove on the decorative side 17 of the joined floor panels 1.

[0092] Slika 13 predstavlja primer, gde su takođe preduzete mere za postizanje povećane otpornosti na vlagu ili prodiranje vlage u podlogu 6. U ovom slučaju se koristi pokrivni sloj 27 na bazi vodoodbojne supstance. Pokrivni sloj 27 se u početku može formirati na nepotpuno izvedenom profilu 26 ivičnog dela. U ovom slučaju, konačna gornja ivica 30 odgovarajuće ivične oblasti još uvek treba da se formira rezanjem završne bočne površine 28 gornjeg sloja 7 prema isprekidanoj liniji 52 i formiranjem površine kosine 38 kako bi se uklonio na ovaj način deo 53 viška materijala iz ovog gornjeg sloja 7. Slika 14 prikazuje dobijeni rezultat, pri čemu podni panel 1 ima kosinu 38 na odgovarajućoj ivici. [0092] Figure 13 represents an example, where measures are also taken to achieve increased resistance to moisture or moisture penetration in the substrate 6. In this case, a cover layer 27 based on a water-repellent substance is used. The covering layer 27 can initially be formed on the incompletely executed profile 26 of the edge part. In this case, the final upper edge 30 of the corresponding edge area still needs to be formed by cutting the final side surface 28 of the upper layer 7 according to the broken line 52 and forming a bevel surface 38 in order to remove in this way part 53 of the excess material from this upper layer 7. Figure 14 shows the result obtained, whereby the floor panel 1 has a bevel 38 at the corresponding edge.

[0093] Slika 13 jasno pokazuje da se pokrivni sloj 27 u ovom slučaju u početku, dakle, pre izvođenja obrade sečenjem koja formira ukošenost, pruža najmanje od podloge 6 na bočnu površinu 29 gornjeg sloja 7. Obradom sečenjem, koji se mora izvršiti naknadno, za formiranje kosine, uklanja se višak ovog pokrivnog sloja 27. Primećeno je da se ivica gornjeg sloja 7 proteže distalno preko površine kosine. Na taj način gornji sloj 7 čini barijeru od mogućeg prljanja površine ili ukrasne strane 17, te je moguće postići glatkiju proizvodnju takvih podnih panela 1. [0093] Figure 13 clearly shows that the covering layer 27 in this case initially, therefore, before performing the cutting treatment that forms the bevel, extends at least from the substrate 6 to the side surface 29 of the upper layer 7. The cutting treatment, which must be performed subsequently, to form the bevel, removes the excess of this covering layer 27. It was noticed that the edge of the upper layer 7 extends distally over the surface of the bevel. In this way, the upper layer 7 forms a barrier against possible soiling of the surface or decorative side 17, and it is possible to achieve a smoother production of such floor panels 1.

[0094] Očigledno je da se na suprotnoj ivici 4 od ivice 3 koja je prikazana na slikama 13 i 14, poželjno vrši sličan tretman, međutim, s tom razlikom što ova suprotna ivica 4 poželjno sadrži komplementarno sredstvo 18 za spajanje, u ovom slučaju, sredstvo za spajanje u vidu jezička. [0094] It is obvious that on the opposite edge 4 of the edge 3 shown in Figures 13 and 14, a similar treatment is preferably performed, however, with the difference that this opposite edge 4 preferably contains a complementary connecting means 18, in this case, a connecting means in the form of a tab.

[0095] Dalje, jasno je da je na slikama 13 i 14 primenjena prva mogućnost za formiranje kosine 38. [0095] Furthermore, it is clear that in Figures 13 and 14 the first option for forming the slope 38 is applied.

[0096] Slike 7 do 10 i 15 dalje ilustruju treći nezavisni aspekt. Prema ovom trećem aspektu, objava se takođe odnosi na podni panel 1 sa termoplastičnim gornjim slojem 7, pri čemu ovaj podni panel 1 obuhvata podlogu 6 i gornji sloj 7 koji se nalazi na podlozi 6, pri čemu se gornji sloj 7 sastoji najmanje od štampanog dela 9 i providnog termoplastičnog sloja 10 koji se nalazi iznad navedenog štampanog dela 9, sa karakteristikom da se navedeni štampani deo 9 globalno prostire u horizontalnom nivou N1, međutim, sadrži delove koji se protežu ispod navedenog nivoa N1. U slučaju slika 7 do 10, ovo se odnosi najmanje na delove štampanog dela 9 na površini kosine 38, koji se prostiru ispod nivoa N1. U slučaju slike 15, podni panel 1 takođe sadrži delove koji se protežu ispod nivoa N1 u unutrašnjem delu ukrasne strane 17. Ovi delovi se mogu odnositi na imitacije uklonjenih delova materijala, kao što može biti slučaj kada se imitiraju tragovi grebanja na drvenim podnim panelima, ili imitacije spojeva, pukotina ili zazora, ili imitacije drvenih čvorova ili drugog jako izraženog reljefa drveta i/ili kamena. Jasno je da takav podni panel 1 nudi nove mogućnosti za imitaciju podova sa jakom strukturom. Treći aspekt, na primer, omogućava i dalje formiranje dubokih struktura sa panelima čiji providni termoplastični sloj 10 ima ograničenu debljinu T2, na primer, debljinu manju od 1 milimetra, ili čak manje od 0,5 ili manje od 0,3 milimetra. Kao što je već navedeno, korisno je ograničiti debljinu T2 providnog termoplastičnog sloja 10. [0096] Figures 7 to 10 and 15 further illustrate a third independent aspect. According to this third aspect, the disclosure also relates to a floor panel 1 with a thermoplastic upper layer 7, wherein this floor panel 1 comprises a substrate 6 and an upper layer 7 located on the substrate 6, wherein the upper layer 7 consists at least of a printed part 9 and a transparent thermoplastic layer 10 located above said printed part 9, with the characteristic that said printed part 9 extends globally in the horizontal level N1, however, it contains parts extending below the specified level N1. In the case of Figures 7 to 10, this refers at least to the parts of the printed part 9 on the bevel surface 38, which extend below the level N1. In the case of figure 15, the floor panel 1 also contains parts that extend below the level N1 in the inner part of the decorative side 17. These parts may refer to imitations of removed parts of material, as may be the case when imitations of scratch marks on wooden floor panels, or imitations of joints, cracks or gaps, or imitations of wooden knots or other highly pronounced relief of wood and/or stone. It is clear that such a floor panel 1 offers new possibilities for imitating floors with a strong structure. A third aspect, for example, allows still the formation of deep structures with panels whose transparent thermoplastic layer 10 has a limited thickness T2, for example, a thickness of less than 1 millimeter, or even less than 0.5 or less than 0.3 millimeters. As already stated, it is useful to limit the thickness T2 of the transparent thermoplastic layer 10.

[0097] Prema poželjnim implementacijama trećeg aspekta, motiv ili štampani deo 9 se, takođe, može proširiti ispod globalnog nivoa N2 donje strane mogućeg nosača 11 štampanog dela 9 i/ili u podlogu 6 i/ili zadnji sloj ispod. U tom cilju, zadnji sloj 8 i/ili podloga 6 mogu ili ne moraju biti prethodno formirani. Moguće je da se tamo dešava kompresija materijala ovog zadnjeg sloja 8 i/ili podloge 6, gde se štampani deo proteže najmanje ispod globalnog nivoa N1 i/ili N2. [0097] According to preferred implementations of the third aspect, the motif or the printed part 9 can also extend below the global level N2 of the underside of the possible support 11 of the printed part 9 and/or in the substrate 6 and/or the back layer below. To this end, the back layer 8 and/or the substrate 6 may or may not be preformed. It is possible that compression of the material of this rear layer 8 and/or substrate 6 takes place there, where the printed part extends at least below the global level N1 and/or N2.

[0098] Tamo, gde se pominje globalni nivo, misli se na horizontalni nivo, pri čemu je zbir kvadratnih devijacija stvarnog nivoa odgovarajućeg sloja u podnoj ploči minimalan u odnosu na ovaj horizontalni nivo. Drugim rečima, ovo se odnosi na najmanju kvadratnu horizontalnu površinu koja je najpribližnija odgovarajućem sloju. [0098] Where the global level is mentioned, the horizontal level is meant, whereby the sum of the squared deviations of the actual level of the corresponding layer in the floor slab is minimal in relation to this horizontal level. In other words, this refers to the smallest square horizontal area closest to the corresponding layer.

[0099] Na slici 15, gornji sloj 7 je shematski predstavljen kao jedan sloj. Međutim, jasno je da je gornji sloj 7 poželjno sastavljen od nekoliko slojeva, kao što je najmanje noseći list 11, štampani deo 9 i providni termoplastični sloj 10. [0099] In Figure 15, the upper layer 7 is schematically represented as a single layer. However, it is clear that the upper layer 7 is preferably composed of several layers, such as at least the carrier sheet 11, the printed part 9 and the transparent thermoplastic layer 10.

[0100] Jasno je da se treći aspekt može kombinovati sa prvim aspektom i/ili drugim aspektom ili njihovim poželjnim implementacijama. Prema drugom i trećem aspektu, nije neophodno, međutim, takođe nije isključeno da se primeni kosina 38, bilo da je prema prvom aspektu ili ne. Međutim, ovaj drugi i treći aspekt u stvari mogu usvojiti jednu ili više drugih svojstava navedenih u okviru prvog aspekta, kao što su, na primer, svojstva sredstava za spajanje, delovi za zaključavanje, gornji slojevi ili slično navedeno tamo. [0100] It is clear that the third aspect can be combined with the first aspect and/or the second aspect or their preferred implementations. According to the second and third aspects, it is not necessary, however, it is also not excluded to apply the slope 38, whether it is according to the first aspect or not. However, these second and third aspects may in fact adopt one or more of the other properties mentioned within the first aspect, such as, for example, properties of coupling means, locking parts, top layers or the like mentioned therein.

[0101] Slika 16 predstavlja primer podnog panela 1 koji ima karakteristike drugog aspekta navedenog u uvodu. Ovde se ovo odnosi na pravougaoni i duguljasti podni panel 1. Slika 17 predstavlja da ovaj podni panel 1 obuhvata podlogu 6 i gornji sloj 7 koji se nalazi na ovoj podlozi 6. Kao gornji sloj 7, mogu se primeniti gornji slojevi 7 navedeni u vezi sa prvim aspektom, odnosno gornji slojevi 7 koji imaju najmanje štampani deo 9 i providni termoplastični sloj 10 koji se nalazi iznad navedenog štampanog dela 9. Radi jednostavnosti, na slikama 16 do 20 gornji sloj 7 je predstavljen kao jedan sloj. Posebnost podnog panela sa slike 16 je u tome što ima dužinu L veću od 180 centimetara. Štampani deo 9 predstavlja šaru drveta čije se pore šire globalno u uzdužnom pravcu podnog panela 1. [0101] Figure 16 represents an example of a floor panel 1 having the characteristics of the second aspect mentioned in the introduction. Here, this refers to the rectangular and oblong floor panel 1. Figure 17 represents that this floor panel 1 comprises a base 6 and a top layer 7 located on this base 6. As the top layer 7, the top layers 7 mentioned in connection with the first aspect can be applied, i.e. the top layers 7 having at least a printed part 9 and a transparent thermoplastic layer 10 located above said printed part 9. For simplicity, in Figures 16 to 20 the upper layer 7 is represented as a single layer. The peculiarity of the floor panel from picture 16 is that it has a length L greater than 180 centimeters. The printed part 9 represents a pattern of wood whose pores expand globally in the longitudinal direction of the floor panel 1.

[0102] Slika 17 predstavlja da podni panel 1 dalje obuhvata sredstva za ograničavanje savijanja sopstvenom težinom. U tom cilju, podni panel 1 sadrži ugrađeni profil 53, na primer, profil koji je zasnovan na sintetičkom materijalu ili metalu i poželjno je ekstrudiran. U slučaju sintetičkog materijala, staklena vlakna ili drugi materijali za punjenje mogu se primeniti u materijalu kako bi se dobila veća čvrstoća na savijanje. U ovom slučaju, ugrađeni profil 53 se odnosi na I-profil. Naravno, mogu se primeniti i drugi profili. Poželjno je da se teži profilima koji imaju najveći mogući moment inercije pri savijanju. Ugrađeni profil 53 globalno se pruža u uzdužnom pravcu podnog panela 1 i u ovom slučaju se nalazi bliže dugačkoj ivici 2 sa profilom jezička 20 nego suprotnoj dugačkoj ivici 3 sa profilom žleba 21. Nije isključeno da se ugrađeni profil 53 globalno može protezati prema dijagonali podnog panela 1. [0102] Fig. 17 shows that the floor panel 1 further includes means for limiting bending by its own weight. To this end, the floor panel 1 contains a built-in profile 53, for example, a profile that is based on synthetic material or metal and is preferably extruded. In the case of a synthetic material, glass fibers or other filler materials can be incorporated into the material to provide greater flexural strength. In this case, the built-in profile 53 refers to the I-profile. Of course, other profiles can be applied. It is preferable to strive for profiles that have the highest possible moment of inertia when bending. The built-in profile 53 globally extends in the longitudinal direction of the floor panel 1 and in this case is located closer to the long edge 2 with the tongue profile 20 than the opposite long edge 3 with the groove profile 21. It is not excluded that the built-in profile 53 can globally extend towards the diagonal of the floor panel 1.

[0103] Slika 18 predstavlja da je ugrađeni profil 53 u tom slučaju smešten integralno unutar podloge 6. Međutim, nije isključeno da profil 53, na jednoj ili više dugih ili kratkih ivica, može da se proteže u profil 26, gde zatim poželjno takođe može da ima isti profil 26 kao i preostali delovi odgovarajuće ivice. [0103] Figure 18 represents that the built-in profile 53 is in that case placed integrally inside the substrate 6. However, it is not excluded that the profile 53, on one or more long or short edges, can extend into the profile 26, where then preferably it can also have the same profile 26 as the remaining parts of the corresponding edge.

[0104] Slika 19 predstavlja varijantu, u kojoj se umesto ugrađenog profila 53 koristi najmanje jedna prostirka od staklenih vlakana ili sloj 54 staklene tkanine ugrađen u podlogu 6, koji se nalazi izvan središnje linije podloge 6, ili izvan neutralne ose, pri savijanju podnog panela 1. U ovom slučaju, sloj 54 staklene tkanine se nalazi bliže dekorativnoj strani 17 nego donjoj strani podloge 6. Naravno, veliki broj takvih slojeva koji sadrže staklena vlakna mogu se naneti, a moguće je i da se nalaze na obe strane središnje linije podloge. [0104] Figure 19 represents a variant, in which instead of the built-in profile 53, at least one glass fiber mat or glass fabric layer 54 embedded in the base 6 is used, which is located outside the center line of the base 6, or outside the neutral axis, when bending the floor panel 1. In this case, the glass fabric layer 54 is located closer to the decorative side 17 than the bottom side of the base 6. Of course, a large number of such layers containing glass fibers can be applied, and it is possible that they are located on both sides of the center line of the substrate.

[0105] Takav ojačavajući sloj ne mora nužno da bude ugrađen u podlogu 6, ali takođe može biti lociran u gornjem sloju, na primer, ispod štampanog dela 9, ili u donjem sloju 12. [0105] Such a reinforcing layer does not necessarily have to be embedded in the substrate 6, but can also be located in the upper layer, for example, under the printed part 9, or in the lower layer 12.

[0106] Slika 20 predstavlja tehničko rešenje pronalaska, gde najmanje jedan sloj 55 podnog panela 1 ima gustinu veću od 750 kilograma po kubnom metru. U ovom slučaju, između gornjeg sloja 7 i podloge 6, u ovom slučaju od mekog PVC-a, nanosi se Z sloj koji se sastoji od tvrdog PVC-a. [0106] Figure 20 represents a technical solution of the invention, where at least one layer 55 of the floor panel 1 has a density greater than 750 kilograms per cubic meter. In this case, between the upper layer 7 and the substrate 6, in this case of soft PVC, a Z layer consisting of hard PVC is applied.

[0107] Na slikama 16 do 20 takođe se primenjuje mera da podni panel imaju debljinu od 5 milimetara ili više. Poželjno je da je debljina ograničena na maksimalno 7, 8 ili 9 milimetara. [0107] Figures 16 to 20 also apply the measure that floor panels have a thickness of 5 millimeters or more. Preferably, the thickness is limited to a maximum of 7, 8 or 9 millimeters.

[0108] Jasno je da se sredstva koja ograničavaju savijanje mogu primeniti i na podnim panelima koji imaju dužinu manju od 180 centimetara, ali veću od 110 centimetara. Jasno je da takav podni panel dalje, takođe, može pokazati željena svojstva podnih panela prvog, drugog i/ili trećeg aspekta, sa tom razlikom što imaju dužinu manju od 180 centimetara. [0108] It is clear that buckling restraints can also be applied to floor panels that have a length of less than 180 centimeters but greater than 110 centimeters. It is clear that such a floor panel can further also exhibit the desired properties of the floor panels of the first, second and/or third aspects, with the difference that they have a length of less than 180 centimeters.

[0109] Predmetni pronalazak ni na koji način nije ograničen na ovde gore opisana tehnička rešenja; naprotiv, takvi paneli se mogu realizovati prema različitim varijantama bez napuštanja obima predmetnog pronalaska kako je definisano priloženim patentnim zahtevima. [0109] The subject invention is in no way limited to the technical solutions described here above; on the contrary, such panels can be realized according to different variants without leaving the scope of the subject invention as defined by the attached patent claims.

Claims

Patent claims

1. A floor panel, where the floor panel (1) is made to be rectangular and oblong in shape and includes a base (6) and an upper layer (7) that is on this base (6); where the substrate (6) essentially consists of a thermoplastic material; where the substrate (6) is a vinyl-based substrate; where the substrate (6) has a thickness of 2 to 10 millimeters; where the base (6) is at least half the thickness of the floor panel (1); where the upper layer (7) is at least composed of a printed part (9) and a transparent thermoplastic layer (10) located above said printed part (9), whereby the printed part (9) is provided on a carrier sheet (11), and the carrier sheet (11), together with the printed part (9), forms a printed synthetic film; where the floor panel (1), at least on two opposite edges (2-3), is equipped with a mechanical means (18) for connecting which allows two such floor panels (1) to be connected to each other, so that the locking is achieved in the vertical direction perpendicular to the plane of the connected panels, as well as in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the connected edge and in the plane of the floor panels; where the connecting means (18) are designed as a tongue (20) and a groove (21) bordered by an upper edge (23) and a lower edge (22); wherein the tongue (20) and groove (21) are essentially responsible for locking in said vertical direction; wherein the tongue (20) and the groove (21) are equipped with locking parts (24-25), which are essentially responsible for locking in said horizontal direction; and where the means (18) for the merger are essentially realized in said substrate (6); characterized in that the floor panel (1) has a length greater than 110 centimeters and contains means for limiting bending under its own weight, and said means at least include the measure where at least one layer (55) of the floor panel (1) has a density greater than 750 kilograms per cubic meter, and said layer (55) contains hard PVC.

2. Floor panel according to patent claim 1, characterized in that said at least one layer (55) of the floor panel (1) is arranged between the upper layer (7) and the base (6).

3. Floor panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the synthetic film is a PVC-based foil.

4. The floor panel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the transparent thermoplastic layer (10) is a PVC-based layer.

5. Floor panel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thickness of the upper layer (7) is between 0.5 and 3 millimeters.

6. A floor panel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the floor panel (1) has a thickness between 5 and 15 millimeters.

7. A floor panel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the means (18) for joining exhibit one or more of the following characteristics:

- the mechanical means (18) for joining press the joined floor panels against each other by means of the tension force obtained by the lower edge (22) which is bent in the joined state and which, in an attempt to return back, presses on the lower side of the tab (20);

- mechanical means (18) for joining enable joining by means of a rotary movement (W) along the respective edges;

- mechanical means (18) for joining enable joining by means of horizontal or quasi-horizontal movement of the panels towards each other;

8. A floor panel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the floor panel (1) is rigid as such.

9. Floor panel according to any one of patent claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the substrate (6) is a single-layer substrate (6).