RS58949B1 - Overload-prevention means for container crane installations - Google Patents
Overload-prevention means for container crane installationsInfo
- Publication number
- RS58949B1 RS58949B1 RS20190802A RSP20190802A RS58949B1 RS 58949 B1 RS58949 B1 RS 58949B1 RS 20190802 A RS20190802 A RS 20190802A RS P20190802 A RSP20190802 A RS P20190802A RS 58949 B1 RS58949 B1 RS 58949B1
- Authority
- RS
- Serbia
- Prior art keywords
- brake
- overload
- rope
- drive
- blocking
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/26—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans having several drums or barrels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/54—Safety gear
- B66D1/58—Safety gear responsive to excess of load
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
Description
OPIS PRONALASKA DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Pronalazak se odnosi na postupak i opremu za osiguranje postrojenja za podizanje kontejnera u slučaju preopterećenja. The invention relates to a procedure and equipment for securing a container lifting plant in the event of overloading.
U patentnom dokumentu EP 1710 199 A1 opisano je postrojenje za podizanje kontejnera sa jednom pogonskom kočnicom postavljenom na pogonsko vratilo motora odnosno na ulazno vratilo prenosnika i jedna sigurnosna kočnica postavljena na izlazno vratilo prenosnika odnosno na bubanj za namotavanje užeta (sajle). In the patent document EP 1710 199 A1, a device for lifting containers is described with one drive brake placed on the drive shaft of the motor, that is, on the input shaft of the transmission, and one safety brake placed on the output shaft of the transmission, that is, on the drum for winding the rope (cable).
Američki patentni dokument US 4462 570 A opisuje jedno osiguranje protiv preopterećenja kod jednog uređaja za podizanje za opštu primenu i američki patent US 4 226 403 opisuje isto tako jedno osiguranje protiv preopterećenja dato u opštem obliku primenjeno kod pneumatski pogonjenih uređaja za podizanje. US Patent Document US 4462 570 A describes an overload protection in a lifting device for general application and US Patent US 4 226 403 also describes an overload protection provided in a general form applied to pneumatically powered lifting devices.
Slika 2 pokazuje jednu standardnu radnu dizalicu 1 za postrojenje za podizanje kontejnera, gde su dve radne dizalice povezane preko prenosnika 2 sa identičnim pogonskim kolom 3, 3' odnosno identičnim pogonjenim kolom 4, 4', pri čemu se u narednom delu opisa razajašnjava samo leva radna dizalica. Figure 2 shows one standard working crane 1 for a container lifting plant, where two working cranes are connected via a transmission 2 with an identical drive circuit 3, 3', i.e. an identical driven circuit 4, 4', whereby only the left working crane is clarified in the following part of the description.
Pogonski motor 5 je preko pogonskog vratila 6 spojen sa jednim kočnim diskom 9 i ovaj je obrtno čvrsto spojen sa jednim ulaznim vratilom 8 prenosnika 2. Na kočnom disku 9 je predviđena jedna pogonska kočnica 11 sa opružno pritisnutim kočnim čeljustima i jednim uređajem za otpuštanje kočnice, koji nije ovde prikazan. Prenosnik 2 pogoni preko izlaznog vratila 12 prenosnika bubanj 14 za namotavanje užeta sa jednim vučnim užetom 15. Na bubanj sa užetom 15 učvršćen je jedan kočni disk 17 sa kojim je spregnuta sigurnosna kočnica 18 sa opružno pritisnutim kočnim čeljustima, na kojima je predviđen jedan uređaj za otpuštanje kočnice, koji nije ovde prikazan. Vučna užad 15 se učvršćuju na čeoni prihvatni blok-headblock 16, na jedan u suštini pravougaoni ram, na kome se prihvata raširnik, koji preko ugaonih okova-blokova podiže kontejner, koji nije ovde prikaza. U narednom delu opisa će se čeoni prihvatni blok-headblock 16 označavati kao transportni teret odnosno kao teret-opterećenje. The drive motor 5 is connected via the drive shaft 6 to one brake disk 9 and this is rotatably connected to one input shaft 8 of the transmission 2. One drive brake 11 with spring-loaded brake calipers and one brake release device, which is not shown here, is provided on the brake disk 9. Transmission 2 drives via the output shaft 12 of the transmission drum 14 for winding a rope with one pulling rope 15. A brake disk 17 is attached to the drum with a rope 15, with which a safety brake 18 is coupled with spring-loaded brake calipers, on which a brake release device is provided, which is not shown here. The towing ropes 15 are fastened to the head block-headblock 16, to an essentially rectangular frame, on which the spreader is accepted, which lifts the container, which is not shown here, via the corner shackles-blocks. In the following part of the description, the front receiving block-headblock 16 will be designated as a transport load, i.e. as a load-load.
Pogonska kočnica 11 radi u toku pogona za kočenje tereta sa jednim relativno visokim ciklusom uključivanja i isključivanja, dok se sigurnosna kočnica 18 uključuje samo pri početku pogona i isključuje pri završetku pogona, ukoliko tokom pogona ne dođe do nužnog zaustavljanja usled kvara pogona radne dizalice. The drive brake 11 works during the drive to brake the load with one relatively high on-off cycle, while the safety brake 18 is turned on only at the start of the drive and off at the end of the drive, if during the drive there is no necessary stop due to the failure of the working crane drive.
Ako se na osnovu otkaza nekog ugradnog konstruktivnog dela u pogonskom kolu ustanovi prekomerni broj obrtaja na pogonskom vratilu 6 odnosno na izlaznom prenosnom vratilu 12, ili je neophodno da dođe do nužnog zaustavljanja zbog nekog drugog ometanja, tada će doći do zatvaranja sigurnosnih kočnica 18, 18' i pogonskih kočnica 11, 11' uz pomoć signala za nužno zaustavljanje, datog od strane rukovaoca dizalice. Konstrukcijom je uslovljeno da se sigurnosne kočnice 18, 18' aktiviraju za kraće vreme u odnosu na pogonske kočnice 11, 11', tako da će se sigurnosne kočnice 18, 18' ranije zatvoriti i time će preuzeti teret-opterećenje, koje je vezano za užad dizalice. If, based on the failure of a built-in structural part in the drive circuit, an excessive number of revolutions is established on the drive shaft 6, i.e. on the output transmission shaft 12, or it is necessary for a necessary stop to occur due to some other disturbance, then the safety brakes 18, 18' and the drive brakes 11, 11' will be closed with the help of a signal for a necessary stop, given by the crane operator. The design stipulates that the safety brakes 18, 18' are activated in a shorter time compared to the drive brakes 11, 11', so that the safety brakes 18, 18' will close earlier and thus take over the load, which is attached to the hoist ropes.
U toku rada dizalice pri rukovanju sa kontejnerom, naročito pri podizanju kontejnera iz tesnog kontejnerskog tovarnog okna na brodovima za prevoz kontejnera, kontejner se u tovarnom oknu može zakositi ili zaglaviti. Ukoliko se pri takvom slučaju dizalica ne zaustavi u pravom momentu, može da nastane značajno oštećenje na dizalici, koje bi moglo da dovede do razaranja ukupnog postrojenja za podizanje. Ovo sprečavanje podizanja kontejnera ili ostajanje kontejnera u visećem položaju, u stručnoj terminologiji vezanoj za kontejnere se označava kao "snag". Kod standardne radne dizalice za podizanje kontejnera prema slici 2 rukovaoc dizalicom će utvrditi preopterećenje na osnovu zaustavljanja visećeg kontejnera i aktiviraće Not-Stopp, odnosno postupak za nužno i hitno isključivanje pogona i aktiviranje kočnica. During the operation of the crane when handling the container, especially when lifting the container from a narrow container cargo hold on container ships, the container can tilt or get stuck in the cargo hold. If in such a case the crane is not stopped at the right moment, significant damage can occur to the crane, which could lead to the destruction of the entire lifting plant. This prevention of the container being lifted or the container remaining in a hanging position is referred to as "snag" in container jargon. With a standard working crane for lifting containers according to Figure 2, the crane operator will determine the overload based on stopping the hanging container and will activate the Not-Stopp, i.e. the procedure for necessary and urgent shutdown of the drive and activation of the brakes.
U ovom trenutku poznata su iz stanja tehnike dva sistema, koji sprečavaju preopterećenje na strukturi dizalice pomoću samostalnog-automatskog isključivanja pogona radne dizalice. Stariji sistem se bazira na hidrauličnom prigušenju odnosno amortizeru, koji je pričvršćen na kraju podupirača-stubova za uže dizalice. Ovaj uređaj amortizuje udar, koji prolazi kroz konstrukciju dizalice zbog proizvedenog snag-a. Istovremeno nastaje pri jednom prethodno datom putu prigušivanja određeno kočenje rada dizalice i samim tim se zaustavlja pogon radne dizalice. Sistem kočenja odgovara standardnoj radnoj dizalici. Ovaj sistem zahteva veliki utrošak vremena, da bi se ponovo uspostavila-obnovila pogonska spremnost dizalice posle jednog nužnog zaustavljanja (Not-Stopp), odnosno da bi moglo dalje da se radi sa postrojenjem za podizanje. At the moment, two systems are known from the state of the art, which prevent overloading on the crane structure by means of independent-automatic shutdown of the working crane drive. The older system is based on a hydraulic damping or shock absorber, which is attached to the end of the struts-columns for narrower cranes. This device cushions the impact, which passes through the structure of the crane due to the produced snag. At the same time, with one previously given throttle path, a certain braking of the crane operation occurs and thus the operation of the working crane is stopped. The braking system corresponds to a standard working crane. This system requires a large amount of time, in order to re-establish-restore the operating readiness of the crane after a necessary stop (Not-Stopp), i.e. to be able to continue working with the lifting plant.
Jedan noviji sistem opisan je u patentu DE 102006 003 832, što je reprodukovano na slici 3. Na slici 3 su za iste ili odgovarajuće konstruktivne delove upotrebljene iste pozicione oznake kao na slici 2. A more recent system is described in the patent DE 102006 003 832, which is reproduced in Figure 3. In Figure 3, the same positional markings as in Figure 2 are used for the same or corresponding structural parts.
Između pogonskog motora 5 i pogonske kočnice 11 predviđena je jedna spojnica 7, 7' za preopterećenje, koja je izvedena odnosno dimenzionisana za jedan određeni, maksimalno dozvoljeni obrtni momenat koji se prenosi od motora 5 na ulazno vratilo 8 prenosnika. Ukoliko dođe do prekoračenja ovog dozvoljenog obrtnog momenta, tada se razdvajaju obe spojničke polovine na spojnici 7 za preopterećenje, tako da se pomoću odvajanja pogona motora 5 više ne može da prenese nikakav pogonski obrtni moment na prenosnik 2. Otvaranje spojnice 7 za preopterećenje aktivira senzor za preopterećenje, koji prenosi signal na uređaj za upravljanje, koji pri tome prekida pogon dizalice odnosno zaustavlja rad pomoću isključnog signala na pogonskim kočnicama 11, 11' postavljenim na ulazno vratilo 8 prenosnika i na sigurnosnim kočnicama 18, 18' na bubnjevima 14 za uže, da bi se blokiralo pogonsko radno kolo odnosno pogonjeno kolo. Pomoću ovoga će se sprečiti, da se opterećenje-teret 16, odvojeno od motora 5, samostalno automatski spusti naniže usled sile gravitacije. Between the drive motor 5 and the drive brake 11, one clutch 7, 7' is provided for overloading, which is designed or dimensioned for a specific, maximum permissible torque that is transmitted from the motor 5 to the input shaft 8 of the transmission. If this permissible torque is exceeded, then both coupling halves on the overload coupling 7 are separated, so that no driving torque can be transferred to the transmission 2 by means of the separation of the motor drive 5. The opening of the overload coupling 7 activates the overload sensor, which transmits a signal to the control device, which in the process interrupts the crane drive, i.e. stops the operation by means of a cut-off signal on the drive brakes 11, 11' placed on the input shaft 8 of the transmission and on the safety brakes 18, 18' on the drums 14 for the rope, in order to block the driving wheel or the driven wheel. This will prevent the load-cargo 16, separated from the engine 5, from automatically falling down due to the force of gravity.
Kočnice 11 i 18 su izvedene kao obične industrijske kočnice, koje se zatvaraju odnosno stežu pomoću opružne sile i koje mogu da se otpuste preko jednog pogodnog uređaja za otpuštanje kočnice, koji deluje protiv opružne sile. Ovakvi uređaji za otpuštanje kočnica u mnogo slučajeva rade po elektrohidrauličnom principu, što znači da jedan elektromotor preko hidraulične pumpe stvara hidraulični pritisak koji dejstvuje na radni klip koji dalje dejstvuje protiv opruge tako što je sabija, pri čemu se kočnica pri dovoljno visokom hidrauličnom pritisku u datom slučaju otpušta preko jedne aktivirajuće poluge. Sigurnosna kočnica 18 može takođe da bude izvedena kao direkno hidraulički otpustljiva sigurnosna kočnica. Brakes 11 and 18 are designed as ordinary industrial brakes, which are closed or clamped by means of a spring force and which can be released via a suitable brake release device, which acts against the spring force. Such devices for releasing brakes in many cases work on the electrohydraulic principle, which means that an electric motor via a hydraulic pump creates hydraulic pressure that acts on a working piston that further acts against the spring by compressing it, whereby the brake is released at a sufficiently high hydraulic pressure in a given case via an activating lever. The safety brake 18 can also be implemented as a directly hydraulically released safety brake.
Kod ovog poznatog uređaja za podizanje na pogonskom motoru 5 predviđena spojnica 7 za preopterećenje zahteva jedno izvesno vreme, da bi se razdvojile obe polovine spojnice za preopterećenje u slučaju preopterećenja. Spojnice za preopterećenje imaju pri tome veoma visoku oblast vremenskog kašnjenja, u kojoj treba da reaguje u momentu pojave preopterećenja. Odgovarajuće tome, može da potraje i reakcija senzora za preopterećenje, kojim se izaziva otvaranje spojnice 7 za preopterećenje, da bi se dobio signal na upravljačkom uređaju, koji pak sa svoje strane treba da emituje aktivirajući signal na kočnice 11 i 18, da bi se zaustavio pogon dizalice. Na taj način dolazi do jednog odgovarajuće visokog naprezanja užeta 15 dizalice, koje se dobija na osnovu maksimalno prenosivog obrtnog momenta spojnice 7 za preopterećenje. In this known lifting device on the drive motor 5, the overload coupling 7 provided requires a certain time, in order to separate both halves of the overload coupling in case of overload. Overload couplings also have a very high time delay area, in which it should react at the moment of overload. Correspondingly, the reaction of the overload sensor, which causes the opening of the overload coupling 7, may take time to receive a signal on the control device, which in turn should emit an activating signal to the brakes 11 and 18, in order to stop the crane drive. In this way, a correspondingly high tension of the rope 15 of the crane is obtained, which is obtained on the basis of the maximum transferable torque of the coupling 7 for overloading.
Kada sistem za zastoj kontejnera zbog zaglavljivanja (Snag-Load-System), reprodukovan na slici 3, reaguje na preopterećenje razdvajanjem spojnice 7 za preopterećenje, tada se pomoću kontrolisanog otvaranja sigurnosnih kočnica 18 ostvaruje proklizavanje podignutog tereta 16, da bi se postigla slobodna pokretljivost odnosno oslobađanje kontejnera, koji je usled otkačinjanja ili zaglavljivanja uzrokovao preopterećenje. Zatim spojnica 7 za preopterećenje mora manuelno opet da se zatvori, da bi se ponovo mogao uspostaviti pogon radne dizalice. Ovaj celi postupak iziskuje dosta vremena. When the Snag-Load-System, reproduced in Figure 3, reacts to an overload by separating the overload coupling 7, then with the help of the controlled opening of the safety brakes 18, the lifted load 16 slips, in order to achieve free movement, i.e. the release of the container, which due to detachment or jamming caused the overload. Then the overload coupling 7 must be manually closed again, in order to re-establish the drive of the working crane. This whole procedure takes a lot of time.
Isto kao standardna radna dizalica reprodukovana na slici 2, tako i radna dizalica sa spojnicom 7 za preopterećenje reprodukovana na slici 3, reaguju isključivo na jedno već nastalo preopterećenje izazvano teretom 16. Just like the standard work crane reproduced in figure 2, the work crane with overload coupling 7 reproduced in figure 3, reacts exclusively to an already created overload caused by the load 16.
Sa ovim predloženim pronalaskom treba da se poboljša sigurnost postrojenja za podizanje kontejnera i pre svega da se skrati vreme potrebno za ponovno uspostavljanje pogona radne dizalice, kada je zbog preopterećenja zaustavljen pogon radne dizalice. With this proposed invention, the safety of the container lifting plant should be improved and, above all, the time needed to re-establish the operation of the working crane, when the operation of the working crane has been stopped due to overload, should be shortened.
Prema pronalasku će se kod podizanja i kretanja podignutog kontejnera pomoću najmanje jednog senzora detektovati preopterećenje ili će se detektovati tek započeto preopterećenje i doći će do aktiviranja sigurnosne kočnice na bubnju za uže i jedne blokirajuće kočnice predviđene na pogonskom vratilu motora pomoću senzora, čime se blokira rad motora. According to the invention, when the lifted container is lifted and moved, an overload will be detected using at least one sensor or an overload that has just started will be detected and the safety brake on the rope drum and one blocking brake provided on the drive shaft of the motor will be activated by the sensor, thus blocking the operation of the motor.
U skladu sa pronalaskom, predviđen je postupak za osiguranje od preopterećenja radne dizalice za postrojenje za podizanje kontejnera, koji obuhvata dve identične radne dizalice postavljene sa obe strane jednog prenosnika sa po jednim pogonskim motorom, čije je pogonsko vratilo spojeno sa jednim ulaznim vratilom prenosnika, i sigurnosnu kočnicu postavljenu na jedan bubanj za uže na izlazno vratilo prenosnika, pri čemu je uže vođeno oko bubnja za uže spojeno sa jednim opterećenjem ili sa jednim na kontejneru ugrađenim čeonim prihvatnim blokom (headblock), i pri čemu se kod podizanja i kretanja okačenog kontejnera pomoću najmanje jednog senzora detektuje preopterećenje ili se detektuje tek najavljeno preopterećenje i sigurnosna kočnica na bubnju za uže kao i jedna blokirna kočnica predviđena na pogonskom vratilu motora se aktiviraju pomoću senzora, a ta blokirna kočnica eliminiše obrtno-zamajnu silu motora. In accordance with the invention, there is provided a procedure for ensuring against overloading of a working crane for a container lifting plant, which includes two identical working cranes placed on both sides of one transmission with one drive motor each, the drive shaft of which is connected to one input shaft of the transmission, and a safety brake placed on one rope drum on the output shaft of the transmission, wherein the rope is guided around the rope drum connected to one load or to one on the container with an installed headblock (headblock), and when lifting and moving the suspended container, an overload is detected using at least one sensor or an overload that has just been announced is detected, and the safety brake on the rope drum as well as one blocking brake provided on the engine drive shaft are activated by the sensor, and that blocking brake eliminates the rotational-reciprocating force of the engine.
Blokirna kočnica i sigurnosna kočnica mogu da se aktiviraju pri pojavi preopterećenja, ali će se poželjno aktivirati već pre nastupanja slučaja preopterećenja. The blocking brake and the safety brake can be activated in the event of an overload, but should preferably be activated already before the occurrence of an overload event.
Pomoću senzora za otkrivanje pretećeg preopterećenja, moguće preopterećenje može da se pravovremeno utvrdi, tako da radna dizalica može da se zaustavi pre nego što preopterećenje nastupi. Preopterećenje se predviđa pomoću prethodno određene vrednosti dozvoljenog opterećenja, koje se za očuvanje uređaja za podizanje ne sme da prekorači. Prema stanju tehnike, pri pojavi ovog preopterećenja potrebno je zaustaviti pogon dizalice. U skladu sa pronalaskom će se pogon dizalice zaustaviti pre dostizanja vrednosti preopterećenja odnosno kada se, npr., dostigne 80 % od vrednosti preopterećenja. With the impending overload sensor, a possible overload can be detected in time, so that the working crane can be stopped before the overload occurs. Overloading is predicted using a predetermined permissible load value, which must not be exceeded in order to preserve the lifting device. According to the state of the art, when this overload occurs, it is necessary to stop the crane drive. According to the invention, the crane drive will stop before reaching the overload value, ie when, for example, 80% of the overload value is reached.
Za utvrđivanje preopterećenja ili pretećeg preopterećenja može se koristiti svaki od poznatih senzora. Prvenstveno će se na čeonom prihvatnom bloku (headblock) radne dizalice predvideti najmanje jedan senzor za ugao nagiba i/ili najmanje jedan senzor za ubrzanje u oblasti radne dizalice, da bi preteće preopterećenje moglo pravovremeno da se odredi. Any of the known sensors can be used to detect overload or impending overload. Primarily, at least one tilt angle sensor and/or at least one acceleration sensor in the area of the working crane will be provided on the headblock of the working crane, so that imminent overloading can be determined in a timely manner.
Pri tome će se u slučaju pojave preopterećenja aktivirati blokirna kočnica i sigurnosna kočnica. At the same time, in the event of an overload, the blocking brake and the safety brake will be activated.
Može biti dovoljno, da se na čeonom prihvatnom bloku (headblock) predvide jedan senzor za ugao nagiba i jedan senzor za ubrzanje. Prvenstveno će se u okolini svake radne dizalice na čeonom prihvatnom bloku (headblock) predvideti jedan senzor za ugao nagiba i jedan senzor za ubrzanje. It may be enough to provide one sensor for the angle of inclination and one sensor for acceleration on the headblock. Primarily, one tilt angle sensor and one acceleration sensor will be provided in the vicinity of each working crane on the headblock.
Time, što se blokirna kočnica i sigurnosna kočnica aktiviraju pomoću senzora za otkrivanje pretećeg preopterećenja, postrojenje za podizanje, posle jednog nužnog zaustavljanja (Notstopp) radne dizalice, može jednostavno i brzo da se prevede u pogonsko stanje, jer se pogonska spremnost odnosno gotovost postrojenja za podizanje može ponovo uspostaviti pomoću elektronskog signala, bez toga da spojnica za preopterećenje mora ponovo da se zatvara. Za ponovno uspostavljanje pogonskog stanja posle nužnog zaustavljanja (Notstopp) radne dizalice, blokirna kočnica na motoru i sigurnosna kočnica na bubnju za namotavanje užeta se, pomoću jednog prethodno datog programa, mogu naizmenično otpustiti i ponovo zatvoriti. Ovaj program može veoma brzo da se izvede, tako da je uređaj za podizanje za kratko vreme ponovo spreman za pogon. Pogonska spremnost uređaja za podizanje se najavljuje pomoću senzora koji pokazuju da je ponovo dostignuto prvobitno početno stanje. By activating the blocking brake and the safety brake by means of a sensor to detect an imminent overload, the lifting plant, after a necessary stop (Notstop) of the working crane, can be simply and quickly transferred to the operating state, because the operational readiness or readiness of the lifting plant can be re-established by means of an electronic signal, without the overload coupling having to be closed again. To re-establish the operating state after a necessary stop (Notstopp) of the working crane, the blocking brake on the motor and the safety brake on the rope winding drum can be alternately released and closed again, using a previously given program. This program can be executed very quickly, so that the lifting device is ready for operation again in a short time. The operational readiness of the lifting device is announced by sensors that indicate that the original starting state has been reached again.
Time, što se radna dizalica zaustavila pre nastupanja preopterećenja, nastala naprezanja u konstrukciji dizalice takođe će biti manja nego što je poznato iz stanja tehnike u slučaju kada je preopterećenje već nastupilo, zbog čega će, pored očuvanja elemenata uređaja za podizanje usled malog naprezanja, biti doprineto i bržem uspostavljanju ponovnog pogonskog stanja radne dizalice. Since the working crane stopped before the occurrence of overload, the resulting stresses in the construction of the crane will also be smaller than is known from the state of the art in the case when the overload has already occurred, which is why, in addition to preserving the elements of the lifting device due to low stress, it will also contribute to the faster re-establishment of the operating state of the working crane.
Dok pogonska kočnica može biti opremljena jednim elektrohidrauličnim uređajem za otpuštanje kočnice ili kočnim uređajem neke druge konstrukcije koji ima relativno duže vreme zatvaranja od na primer 400 milisekundi, koje je pogodno za relativno visoki ciklus uključivanja i isključivanja, sigurnosna kočnica, takođe kao i blokirna kočnica predviđena na motoru, biće izvedene na pogodan način pomoću hidrauličnog uređaja za otpuštanje kočnica, jer će se kod ovog sistema pomoću ubrzanog-naglog pada hidrauličnog pritiska u hidrauličnom fluidu kroz velike protočne poprečne preseke u najkraćem vremenskom roku osloboditi-deblokirati akumulirana opružna energija (uređaj poznat u tehnici kao opružni akumulator) za zatvaranje kočnice. Kod jedne takve kočnice koja se hidraulički otpušta pomoću upravljačkog bloka, pri padu hidrauličnog pritiska neće morati da se savlađuju nikakvi otpori hidrauličnog fluida, kao što je to na primer slučaj kod elektrohidrauličnog uređaja za otpuštanje kočnica pomoći hidraulične pumpe. Time će se, nakon prijema signala od strane senzora za utvrđivanje porasta opterećenja odnosno pretećeg preopterećenja, vreme zatvaranja kočnice dostići za, red veličine, od 80 do 90 milisekundi. While the service brake may be equipped with a single electrohydraulic brake release device or a brake device of some other design having a relatively long closing time of, for example, 400 milliseconds, which is suitable for a relatively high on-off cycle, the safety brake, as well as the blocking brake provided on the engine, will be conveniently performed by means of a hydraulic brake release device, because with this system, by means of an accelerated-sudden drop in hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic fluid through large flow cross-sections in the shortest possible time to release-unblock the accumulated spring energy (a device known in the art as a spring accumulator) to close the brake. With such a brake that is hydraulically released by means of a control block, no hydraulic fluid resistance will have to be overcome when the hydraulic pressure drops, as is the case, for example, with an electrohydraulic brake release device assisted by a hydraulic pump. With this, after receiving a signal from the sensor for determining the increase in load, i.e. threatening overload, the brake closing time will be reached in about 80 to 90 milliseconds.
Povoljno je, što će se sigurnosna kočnica kao i blokirna kočnica za kraće vreme aktivirati podsredstvom naglog pada hidrauličnog pritiska, kojim se oslobađa akumulirana opružna energija za brzo zatvaranje kočnica. It is advantageous that the safety brake as well as the blocking brake will be activated in a short time by means of a sudden drop in hydraulic pressure, which releases the accumulated spring energy for quick closing of the brakes.
Kada se aktivira nužno zaustavljanje (Notstopp) detektovano pomoću senzora za prepoznavanje preopterećenja ili pretećeg preopterećenja, zarad vraćanja radne dizalice u pogonsko stanje i oslobađanja od naprezanja, poželjno je da se najpre brzo otvori blokirna kočnica predviđena na pogonskom motoru, a da sigurnosna kočnica predviđena na bubnjevima za uže ostane zatvorena, nakon čega se blokirna kočnica na pogonskom motoru ponovo zatvara, a sigurnosna kočnica predviđena na bubnju za uže brzo otvori. Ovaj postupak će se ponavljati sve dok senzori ne pokažu da je prvobitno pogonsko stanje ponovo uspostavljeno. When the necessary stop (Notstop) detected by the sensor for detecting overload or imminent overload is activated, in order to return the working crane to the operating state and release it from stress, it is preferable to quickly open the blocking brake provided on the driving motor, and to keep the safety brake provided on the rope drums closed, after which the blocking brake on the driving motor closes again, and the safety brake provided on the drum for open the rope quickly. This procedure will be repeated until the sensors indicate that the original operating condition has been restored.
Na ovaj način se otklanjaju naprezanja usmerena prema motoru. In this way, the stresses directed towards the engine are eliminated.
Pri tome će se ovo otvaranje i zatvaranje kočnica, radi svrsishodnosti, sprovoditi pomoću regulacionog programa jednog elektronskog upravljačkog uređaja, da bi se u što kraćem roku ponovo uspostavila pogonska spremnost radne dizalice. At the same time, this opening and closing of the brakes, for the sake of expediency, will be carried out using the regulation program of an electronic control device, in order to re-establish operational readiness of the working crane as soon as possible.
Radi pojednostavljenja konstrukcije radne dizalice, blokirnom kočnicom se na pogonskom vratilu motora pomoću jednog hidrauličnog komandnog bloka može upravljati tako, da ona u toku pogona radne dizalice radi kao pogonska kočnica, dok pri dolasku signala za zaustavljanje od strane senzora, u veoma kratkom roku dolazi do pada hidrauličnog pritiska za brzo zatvaranje kočnice. In order to simplify the construction of the working crane, the blocking brake on the drive shaft of the engine can be controlled by means of a single hydraulic command block so that it works as a driving brake during the operation of the working crane, while when the stop signal is received by the sensor, a drop in hydraulic pressure occurs in a very short time for quick closing of the brake.
Time, što sigurnosna kočnica na bubnju za namotavanje užeta prihvata maksimalni porast opterećenja, blokirna kočnica predviđena na motoru može da prihvati samo obrtnu-zamajnu silu motora, tako da radna dizalica između blokirne kočnice i sigurnosne kočnice ne podleže daljim naprezanjima. Since the safety brake on the rope winding drum accepts the maximum increase in load, the blocking brake provided on the motor can only accept the torque-reciprocating force of the motor, so that the working crane between the blocking brake and the safety brake is not subjected to further stresses.
Sveukupno će se pomoću utvrđivanja pretećeg preopterećenja i aktiviranja kočnica već pri pojavi pretećeg preopterećenja postići s jedne strane jedna velika doza bezbednosti postrojenja za dizanje, a s druge strane će se, posle nužnog zaustavljanja (Notstopp) radne dizalice i otklanjanja preopterećenja detektovanog pomoću senzora za otkrivanje, omogućiti da se za kratko vreme obezbedi ponovno uspostavljanje pogona dizalice, jer se ponovno dostizanje pogonske spremnosti utvrđuje i prikazuje samo elektronskim putem. Overall, by determining the imminent overload and activating the brakes already at the appearance of the imminent overload, a large dose of safety for the lifting plant will be achieved on the one hand, and on the other hand, after the necessary stop (Notstop) of the working crane and removal of the overload detected by the detection sensor, it will be possible to ensure the re-establishment of the crane drive in a short time, because the re-attainment of operational readiness is determined and displayed only electronically.
U skladu sa pronalaskom, jedna radna dizalica za postrojenje za podizanje kontejnera obuhvata dve identične radne dizalice postavljene sa obe strane jednog prenosnika sa po jednim pogonskim motorom, čije je pogonsko vratilo spojeno sa jednim ulaznim vratilom prenosnika, i obuhvata jednu sigurnosnu kočnicu postavljenu na bubanj za uže na izlazno vratilo prenosnika, pri čemu su užad, vođena oko bubnjeva za uže, spojena sa jednom teretnom masom ili sa jednim čeonim prihvatnim blokom (headblock) koji prihvata kontejner, i tako je izvedena, da je na čeonom prihvatnom bloku (headblock) i/ili na užetu dizalice između čeonog prihvatnog bloka (headblock) i bubnja za namotavanje užeta predviđen najmanje jedan senzor za detektovanje preopterećenja ili pretećeg preopterećenja, i predviđena je jedna blokirna kočnica na pogonskom vratilu motora, koja se pomoću senzora može aktivirati zajedno sa sigurnosnom kočnicom na bubnju za uže. Pogonska kočnica je predviđena na pogonskom vratilu pogonskog motora između blokirne kočnice i prenosnika. According to the invention, one working crane for a plant for lifting containers includes two identical working cranes placed on both sides of one transmission with one drive motor each, the drive shaft of which is connected to one input shaft of the transmission, and includes one safety brake mounted on a rope drum on the output shaft of the transmission, whereby the ropes, guided around the rope drums, are connected to one load mass or to one end receiving block (headblock) that accepts the container, and it is designed in such a way that at least one sensor is provided on the head block (headblock) and/or on the crane rope between the head block (headblock) and the rope winding drum for detecting overload or imminent overload, and one blocking brake is provided on the drive shaft of the motor, which can be activated by the sensor together with the safety brake on the rope drum. The drive brake is provided on the drive shaft of the drive motor between the blocking brake and the transmission.
Sigurnosnim kočnicama i blokirnim kočnicama se, na povoljan način, upravlja po jednim upravljačkim blokom, koji usled naglog pada hidrauličnog pritiska vrši brzo zatvaranje kočnica. Pri tome, hidraulični upravljački blok ima svrsishodno izvedena dva razvodna ventila, koji se uključuju pomoću elektronskog signala, od kojih jedan razvodni ventil usled velikih protočnih strujanja omogućava ubrzani pad hidrauličnog pritiska, dok drugi razvodni ventil gradi protočni put hidrauličnog fluida koji je potreban za pogonsku kočnicu. The safety brakes and the blocking brakes are conveniently managed by one control block, which closes the brakes quickly due to a sudden drop in hydraulic pressure. At the same time, the hydraulic control block has purposefully designed two distribution valves, which are switched on by means of an electronic signal, one of which, due to large flow currents, enables an accelerated drop in hydraulic pressure, while the other distribution valve builds the flow path of the hydraulic fluid required for the service brake.
Da bi se nadziralo stanje kontejnera tokom postupka podizanja, može se, kako je to već gore opisano, koristiti neki od već poznatih senzora. Za određivanje porasta opterećenja mogu se predvideti senzori za silu u užetu, senzori za vučnu silu, merni vijci ili takođe senzori sa kontrolnim relejem, kod kojih se uže dizalice vodi preko tri kotura koji su raspoređeni jedan prema drugome. In order to monitor the state of the container during the lifting process, one of the already known sensors can be used, as described above. To determine the increase in load, sensors for force in the rope, sensors for pulling force, measuring screws or also sensors with a control relay can be provided, in which the crane rope is guided over three pulleys that are arranged towards each other.
Povoljno je odabrati jedan senzor za ubrzanje, koji određuje ubrzanje tereta duž horizontalne ose, i predvideti jedan senzor za naginjanje, koji detektuje naginjanje kontejnera odnosno tereta i time signalizira nailazeće preopterećenje najmanje na jednoj radnoj dizalici. Ukoliko dođe do prekoračenja vrednosti ugla naginjanja i ubrzanja duž horizontalne ose u odnosu na dozvoljene vrednosti, doći će do aktiviranja sigurnosnih i blokirnih kočnica. It is advantageous to choose one sensor for acceleration, which determines the acceleration of the load along the horizontal axis, and to provide one sensor for tilting, which detects the tilting of the container or the load and thereby signals an impending overload on at least one working crane. If the tilt angle and acceleration values along the horizontal axis exceed the permitted values, the safety and blocking brakes will be activated.
Za pravovremeno i precizno otkrivanje pretećeg preopterećenja mogu da budu dovoljni jedan senzor za ubrzanje i jedan senzor za ugao nagiba. Prvenstveno će se na svakoj odnosno na obe radne dizalice predvideti takvi senzori. For timely and accurate detection of impending overload, one acceleration sensor and one tilt angle sensor can be sufficient. Primarily, such sensors will be provided on each or both working cranes.
Dodatno se uz senzor za ugao nagiba i senzor za ubrzanje, ili bez oba ta senzora, može takođe predvideti jedan merni senzor za utvrđivanje porasta opterećenja na svakoj radnoj dizalici, kao što je na primer senzor za silu užeta ili senzor sa kontrolnim relejem. In addition to the tilt angle sensor and the acceleration sensor, or without both sensors, one measuring sensor can also be provided to determine the increase in load on each working crane, such as for example a rope force sensor or a sensor with a control relay.
Kada kod postojećeg postrojenja za podizanje već postoji pogonska kočnica na pogonskom vratilu pogonskog motora, može se za izvedbu snag-load-uređaja u skladu sa pronalaskom, između pogonskog motora i pogonske kočnice, predvideti jedna blokirna kočnica, koja radi takođe na već opisan način. Na ovaj način se postrojenja za dizanje, koja imaju standardni sistem za podizanje, mogu naknadno opremiti. When the existing lifting plant already has a drive brake on the drive shaft of the drive motor, for the performance of the snag-load device according to the invention, a blocking brake can be provided between the drive motor and the drive brake, which also works in the manner already described. In this way, lifting plants, which have a standard lifting system, can be retrofitted.
S druge strane, standardna radna dizalica se može opremiti na takav način, da se postojećom pogonskom kočnicom upravlja pomoću hidrauličnog upravljačkog bloka, pomoću koga ova kočnica ispunjava dve funkcije odnosno radi kao pogonska kočnica i kao blokirna kočnica. On the other hand, a standard working crane can be equipped in such a way that the existing service brake is controlled by means of a hydraulic control block, by means of which this brake fulfills two functions, that is, it works as a service brake and as a blocking brake.
U slučaju postojeće radne dizalice sa spojnicom za preopterećenje, može se umesto spojnice za preopterećenje predvideti jedna blokirna kočnica na pogonskom vratilu pogonskog motora, tako da se postojeća radna dizalica, bez potrebe za dodatnim prostorom za kočnicu, može naknadno opremiti u skladu sa pronalaskom. In the case of an existing working crane with an overload coupling, instead of an overload coupling, one blocking brake can be provided on the drive shaft of the drive motor, so that the existing working crane, without the need for additional space for the brake, can be retrofitted in accordance with the invention.
Radna dizalica izvedena u skladu sa pronalaskom i opisan način njenog rada mogu da se koriste na povoljan način i kod drugih postrojenja za dizanje, kao što je na primer kabina lifta ili slično. Pri tome, struktura takve radne dizalice u suštini odgovara jednoj strani u daljem tekstu opisane dvostrane radne dizalice postrojenja za podizanje kontejnera. The working crane made in accordance with the invention and the described method of its operation can be used advantageously in other lifting installations, such as for example an elevator cabin or the like. At the same time, the structure of such a working crane essentially corresponds to one side of the two-sided working crane of the container lifting plant described below.
Time, što se pomoću postrojenja izvedenog u skladu sa pronalaskom pravovremeno može prepoznati porast opterećenja odnosno preteće preopterećenje, može da dođe do toga, da se nužno zaustavljanje kočnica (Notstopp) dešava češće nego kod poznatih postrojenja za dizanje, ali s obzirom na potrebno obnavljanje pogonske spremnosti postrojenja u kraćem vremenu, može međutim doći do češćeg angažovanja snag-load sistema. Sveukupno će se sigurnost postrojenja za dizanje poboljšati, a zahvaljujući uključivanju kočnica već pre nego što dođe do preopterećenja, postrojenje za dizanje kontejnera takođe dobija dugotrajnu zaštitu od prekomernog naprezanja. Due to the fact that with the help of a plant made in accordance with the invention, an increase in load, i.e. a threatening overload, can be recognized in a timely manner, it can happen that the necessary stop of the brakes (Notstop) happens more often than with known lifting plants, but considering the necessary restoration of the operational readiness of the plant in a shorter time, it can, however, lead to more frequent engagement of the snag-load system. The overall safety of the lifting plant will be improved, and thanks to the application of the brakes before overloading occurs, the container lifting plant also gets long-term protection against excessive stress.
Pronalazak će se nadalje bliže razjasniti preko primera uz pomoć crteža. Oni pokazuju: Slika 1 šematski prikaz radne dizalice izvedene u skladu sa pronalaskom, The invention will further be explained in more detail by means of examples with the help of drawings. They show: Figure 1 is a schematic view of a working crane made in accordance with the invention,
Slika 2 standardna radna dizalica, Figure 2 standard working crane,
Slika 3 poznata radna dizalica sa spojnicom za preopterećenje. Figure 3 a well-known working crane with an overload coupling.
Kod kontejnerske radne dizalice prikazane na slici 1 predviđena su dva identična pogonska kola i dva pogonjena kola 30, 30' i 40, 40' spojena preko prenosnika 20, čiji su elementi označeni istim pozivnim oznakama. U nastavku će se u suštini opisivati samo levo pogonsko i pogonjeno kolo 30 i 40. Za desno postrojenje za dizanje sa užadima važi isti opis. In the case of the container working crane shown in Figure 1, two identical drive wheels and two driven wheels 30, 30' and 40, 40' are provided, connected via the transmission 20, whose elements are marked with the same call signs. In what follows, only the left-hand drive and driven wheels 30 and 40 will be described. The same description applies to the right-hand rope hoist.
Postrojenje za dizanje sa užadima ima jedan pogonski motor 50, čije je pogonsko vratilo 60 čvrsto spojeno sa blokirnom kočionom jedinicom 70. Kočiona jedinica 70 u ovom izvedenom primeru ima kočioni disk 70.1 na pogonskom vratilu 60 i kočione čeljusti 70.2, koje pomoću opružne sile zahvataju - naleže na kočioni disk 70.1. The rope hoist has one drive motor 50, the drive shaft 60 of which is firmly connected to the blocking brake unit 70. The brake unit 70 in this example has a brake disc 70.1 on the drive shaft 60 and brake calipers 70.2, which, by means of spring force, grip the brake disc 70.1.
Za otpuštanje odnosno odvajanje kočionih čeljusti 70.2 od kočnog diska predviđen je hidraulični komandni blok 70.3 koji je ovde samo šematski naznačen, u kome hidraulični fluid potiskuje klip u velikom poprečnom preseku. Stvaranjem hidrauličnog pritiska, koji dejstvuje na klip, kočione čeljusti se mogu osloboditi, a usled naglog pada hidrauličnog pritiska na osnovu velikih protočnih poprečnih preseka hidrauličnog fluida, akumulirana opružna sila za zatvaranje kočnice se može za veoma kratko vreme osloboditi. For releasing or separating the brake calipers 70.2 from the brake disc, a hydraulic control block 70.3 is provided, which is only schematically indicated here, in which the hydraulic fluid pushes the piston in a large cross-section. By creating hydraulic pressure, which acts on the piston, the brake calipers can be released, and due to the sudden drop in hydraulic pressure based on the large flow cross-sections of the hydraulic fluid, the accumulated spring force for closing the brake can be released in a very short time.
Dalje je na pogonskom vratilu 60 motora 50 predviđena jedna pogonska kočnica 90, koja je obrtno čvrsto spojena sa pogonskim vratilom 60, koje kod prikazanog izvedenog primera ima jedan kočioni disk 90.1 i ima na njemu montirane čeljusti 90.2 kočnice. Na poziciji 90.3 šematski je prikazan uređaj za otpuštanje kočnice, pomoću koga kočnica može da se isključi. Uređaj za otpuštanje kočnice može da bude izveden kao poznati elektrohidraulični uređaj za otpuštanje kočnice. Furthermore, one drive brake 90 is provided on the drive shaft 60 of the motor 50, which is rotatably firmly connected to the drive shaft 60, which in the illustrated example has a brake disc 90.1 and brake calipers 90.2 mounted on it. At position 90.3, a device for releasing the brake is shown schematically, by means of which the brake can be disengaged. The brake release device can be implemented as a known electrohydraulic brake release device.
Umesto jedne kočnice sa diskom mogu takođe da budu predviđene kočnice sa bubnjem ili drugi odgovarajući kočioni uređaji kao pogonska kočnica 90. Prvenstveno se predviđa kočiona jedinica sa kočionim diskom prema DE 102012107 723 kao pogonska kočnica 90. Instead of a single disc brake, drum brakes or other suitable braking devices can also be provided as a service brake 90. A brake unit with a disc brake according to DE 102012107 723 is primarily provided as a service brake 90.
Kočioni disk 90.1 je čvrsto obrtno spojen sa ulaznim vratilom 80 prenosnika. Pod obrtno čvrstim spojem takođe se podrazumeva spoj sa prigušnim elementom. The brake disc 90.1 is rigidly rotatably connected to the input shaft 80 of the transmission. A rotationally rigid connection also means a connection with a damping element.
Prenosnik 20 preko izlaznog vratila 120 prenosnika pogoni bubanj 140 za namotavanje užeta, oko koga se vodi vučno uže 150. Na svakom bubnju za namotavanje užeta predviđena je jedna jedinica sa sigurnosnom kočnicom 180 sa kočionim diskom 180.1, koji zajednički dejstvuje sa čeljustima 180.2 kočnice. Na ovoj jedinici sa sigurnosnom kočnicom 180 je na isti način kao i kod jedinice 70 sa blokirnom kočnicom predviđen hidraulični komandni blok 180.3, koji pomoću velikog poprečnog preseka omogućava nagli pad hidrauličnog pritiska, kako bi se u što kraćem vremenu omogućilo zatvaranje kočnica. The transmission 20 via the output shaft 120 of the transmission drives the drum 140 for winding the rope, around which the traction rope 150 is guided. On each drum for winding the rope, one unit with a safety brake 180 with a brake disk 180.1, which acts together with the jaws 180.2 of the brake, is provided. On this unit with the safety brake 180, in the same way as on the unit 70 with the blocking brake, a hydraulic control block 180.3 is provided, which, by means of a large cross-section, enables a sudden drop in hydraulic pressure, in order to enable the closing of the brakes in the shortest possible time.
Oba identična postrojenja za dizanje sa užetom sa obe strane prenosnika 20 su preko vučnih užadi 150 spojena sa čeonim prihvatnim blokom – headblock 160. Both identical lifting devices with a rope on both sides of the transmission 20 are connected to the headblock 160 via traction ropes 150.
Kod pozicija 130 i 130' je na čeonom prihvatnom bloku -headblock 160 šematski naznačen po jedan senzor za ugao nagiba i po jedan senzor ubrzanja, koji utvrđuju pojavu pretećeg preopterećenja, kada su prekoračene prethodno utvrđene dozvoljene vrednosti ugla nagiba i ubrzanja. Senzor 130 preko upravljačkog uređaja 170 daje elektronski signal blokirnim kočionim jedinicama 70 i 70', kao i sigurnosnim kočnicama 180 i 180', koje po davanju signala, u veoma kratkom vremenu reagovanja, zaustavljaju pogonska vratila 60, 60' i pogonske motore 50 i 50' kao i bubnjeve 140 i 140' za uže. Pogonski motori 50 i 50' će se, pri dobijanju signala od senzora 130, 130', isključiti pomoću uključno-isključnog uređaja, koji nije ovde prikazan. Svrsishodno će se takođe usled signala senzora 130, 130' zatvoritii pogonska kočnica 90, iako se ona zatvara kasnije nego blokirna kočnica i sigurnosna kočnica. At positions 130 and 130', one sensor for the tilt angle and one acceleration sensor are schematically indicated on the headblock 160, which determine the occurrence of a threatening overload, when the previously determined permissible values of the tilt angle and acceleration are exceeded. The sensor 130 via the control device 170 gives an electronic signal to the blocking brake units 70 and 70', as well as to the safety brakes 180 and 180', which, after giving the signal, in a very short reaction time, stop the drive shafts 60, 60' and the drive motors 50 and 50' as well as the drums 140 and 140' for the rope. The drive motors 50 and 50' will, upon receiving a signal from the sensor 130, 130', be turned off by means of an on-off device, which is not shown here. Expediently, due to the sensor signal 130, 130', the service brake 90 will also close, although it closes later than the blocking brake and the safety brake.
Pogonski motori su prvenstveno izvedeni kao motori sa trofaznom strujom (trofazni asinhroni motori), pri čemu umesto isključivanja pogonskog motora, motori sa trofaznom strujom može dobiti i jedan komandni signal, kako bi se sada ovaj trofazni asinhroni motor obrtao u suprotnom pravcu, tako da se pogonski motor sada može dodatno koristiti kao kočnica. Drive motors are primarily designed as motors with three-phase current (three-phase asynchronous motors), where instead of turning off the drive motor, motors with three-phase current can also receive a command signal, so that this three-phase asynchronous motor would now rotate in the opposite direction, so that the drive motor can now be additionally used as a brake.
Umesto senzora za ugao nagiba i senzora za ubrzanje 130 može se takođe predvideti senzor za silu u užetu, merni vijak, senzor za vučnu silu, i/ili senzor sa kontrolnim relejem, koji su postavljeni na svakoj radnoj dizalici između tereta 160 i bubnja 140 za uže, da bi se utvrdio porast opterećenja ili preopterećenje. Takav senzor se može takođe dodatno predvideti uz jedan senzor za ugao nagiba i jedan senzor za ubrzanje. Instead of the pitch angle sensor and the acceleration sensor 130, a rope force sensor, gauge screw, traction force sensor, and/or a control relay sensor may also be provided on each working crane between the load 160 and the rope drum 140, to determine the increase in load or overload. Such a sensor can also be additionally provided with one tilt angle sensor and one acceleration sensor.
Takođe je moguće, da senzor za otkrivanje preoperećenja uputi signal kočnicama tek po nastalom preopterećenju. Međutim, poželjno je da senzor pravovremeno prepozna preteće preopterećenje i aktivira kočnice pre nastupa preopterećenja. It is also possible for the overload detection sensor to send a signal to the brakes only after the overload has occurred. However, it is desirable that the sensor recognizes the impending overload in time and activates the brakes before the overload occurs.
Senzori za ugao nagiba su već poznati senzori. Prvenstveno se koristi 3D-senzor za ugao nagiba, koji je u poziciji, da u dva pravca, koji leže normalno jedan prema drugome, odredi ugao nagiba na 360°. Naginjanje čeonog prihvatnog bloka - headblocka 160 nastupa na primer tada, kada obe radne dizalice nemaju sinhronizovano kretanje, na primer zbog naginjanja jedne strane kontejnera. Tilt angle sensors are already known sensors. Primarily, a 3D tilt angle sensor is used, which is in a position to determine the tilt angle at 360° in two directions that are normal to each other. Tilting of the headblock 160 occurs, for example, when both working cranes do not have synchronized movement, for example due to tilting of one side of the container.
Na krajnjim tačkama užadi dizalice kontejnera, mogu se takođe predvideti detektori sile za registrovanje pojedinačnog opterećenja, koji mogu da služe kao senzori. At the end points of the container hoist ropes, force detectors can also be provided to register the individual load, which can serve as sensors.
Senzor za utvrđivanje porasta opterećenja može na primer da bude izveden tako, da on prati tok porasta opterećenja i pri naglom porastu opterećenja pravovremeno emituje signal za zaustavljanje pogona. Pri ravnom porastu krive opterećenja, može se u nekom kasnijem trenutku emitovati signal za zaustavljanje pogona, kada je dostignut određeni procentualni iznos porasta opterećenja. The sensor for determining the increase in load can, for example, be designed in such a way that it follows the course of the increase in load and, in the event of a sudden increase in load, emits a signal to stop the drive in a timely manner. With a flat increase in the load curve, a signal to stop the drive can be emitted at some later time, when a certain percentage amount of increase in load has been reached.
Pronalazak nije ograničen na jednu vrstu i konstrukciju odnosno formu senzora 130. The invention is not limited to one type and construction or form of sensor 130.
Kada se pomoću senzora 130 ili nekim bliže teretu 160 predviđenim senzorom utvrdi dolazeće preopterećenje, a kočnicama se uputi signal za zaustavljanje, tada će se u svakom slučaju pokrenuti upravljanje sigurnosnim kočnicama 180, 180' i dodatnim blokirnim kočnicama 70, 70'. Pogonska kočnica 90, 90' pri takvoj najavi preopterećenja ne sme da se zatvoreni. Međutim, povoljno je da se pomoću senzora 130, 130' takođe i pogonske kočnice 90, 90' pokrenu prema zatvaranju. U skladu sa izvedenim, pogonska kočnica može da bude tako formirana, da je njeno vreme odziva duže nego kod sigurnosne kočnice 180 i blokirne kočnice 70. When an incoming overload is detected using the sensor 130 or a sensor closer to the load 160, and a stop signal is sent to the brakes, then the safety brakes 180, 180' and additional blocking brakes 70, 70' will be operated in any case. The drive brake 90, 90' must not be closed during such an overload announcement. However, it is advantageous for the sensors 130, 130' to also actuate the drive brakes 90, 90' towards closing. In accordance with the derived, the driving brake can be formed in such a way that its response time is longer than that of the safety brake 180 and the blocking brake 70.
Posle nužnog zaustavljanja (Notstopp), prisutna naprezanja se mogu otkloniti naizmeničnim otpuštanjem blokirnih kočnica 70, 70' na motoru 50, 50', i sigurnosnih kočnica 180, 180'. After a necessary stop (Notstop), the present stresses can be removed by alternately releasing the blocking brakes 70, 70' on the motor 50, 50', and the safety brakes 180, 180'.
Pri smanjivanju naprezanja na užadima 150 dizalice prvenstveno će se najpre kratkotrajno osloboditi blokirne kočnice 70, 70' na motorima 50, 50', dok sigurnosne kočnice 180, 180' ostaju zatvorene, i nakon toga se blokirne kočnice 70, 70' ponovo zatvaraju, posle čega se oslobađaju sigurnosne kočnice 180, 180' na bubnjevima 140, 140' za uže, i ponovo se posle zatvaraju. Ovi postupci, koji slede neposredno jedan za drugim, poželjno se sprovode automatski pomoću programa, pri čemu pri automatskom uključivanju/isključivanju kočnica nivo redosleda taktova može biti visok. When reducing the tension on the hoist ropes 150, the blocking brakes 70, 70' on the motors 50, 50' will first be released for a short time, while the safety brakes 180, 180' remain closed, and after that the blocking brakes 70, 70' are closed again, after which the safety brakes 180, 180' on the drums 140 are released. 140' for the rope, and they close again afterwards. These procedures, which follow one after the other, are preferably carried out automatically by the program, whereby the level of clock sequence can be high during the automatic on/off of the brakes.
Prvenstveno će biti predviđen i bezbednosni taster za proveru prisustva rukovaoca, koji će rukovalac dizalice držati pritisnutim za sve vreme trajanja programa za otklanjanje naprezanja. Na ovaj način će rukovalacca dizalice nagledati automatsko odvijanje programa. Primarily, a safety button will be provided to check the presence of the operator, which the crane operator will keep pressed for the duration of the stress relief program. In this way, crane operators will observe the automatic development of the program.
Tako će se naprezanja u radnoj dizalici, u pravcu pogonskog motora 50, 50', otkloniti. Međutim, takođe je moguće otkloniti naprezanje i u pravcu tereta. Thus, the stresses in the working crane, in the direction of the drive motor 50, 50', will be eliminated. However, it is also possible to remove the stress in the direction of the load.
Prema jednom povoljnom načinu izvođenja, pri svakoj izmeni kontejnera određuje se težina novog prihvaćenog kontejnera okačenog na čeoni prihvatni blok-headblock 160 i obrtni moment pogonskih motora 50, 50' se podešava na gornju granicu težine kontejnera. Ovo može da se izvede pomoću uređaja za upravljanje dizalicom koji je na primer pozicioniran u upravljačkom uređaju 170. According to one advantageous method of execution, at each change of container, the weight of the new received container suspended on the front receiving block-headblock 160 is determined and the torque of the drive motors 50, 50' is adjusted to the upper limit of the container's weight. This can be performed by means of a crane control device positioned in the control device 170, for example.
Ako usled prekida struje i blokiranja tereta 160 dođe do zaustavljanja postrojenja za dizanje, sigurnosne kočnice 180, 180' na bubnjevima 140 za uže mogu da se otvore pomoću ručne hidraulične pumpe. Svrsishodno se predviđa ručni uređaj za otpuštanje kočnica takođe i na blokirnim kočnicama 70, 70' na pogonskom motoru. If a power failure and blocking of the load 160 causes the hoisting plant to stop, the safety brakes 180, 180' on the rope drums 140 can be opened by means of a manual hydraulic pump. A manual brake release device is expediently provided also on the blocking brakes 70, 70' on the drive motor.
Kod opisane forme izvođenja, dodatno je za pogonsku kočnicu 90 predviđena jedna blokirna kočnica 70 na pogonskom motoru 50. Prema jednom daljem izvođenju pronalaska, na pogonskom vratilu 60 pogonskog motora 50 je predviđena samo jedna kočiona jedinica 70, 70', koja obavlja funkciju blokirne kočnice 70 i pogonske kočnice 90. Jedna ovakva kočnica sa dve funkcije zatvara se sa standardnom brzinom za standardni pogon što odgovara jednoj pogonskoj kočnici, dok se, s druge strane, u slučaju "snag" odnosno nužnog zaustavljanja (Notstopp), kočnica brzo zatvara. In the described embodiment, in addition to the drive brake 90, one blocking brake 70 is provided on the drive motor 50. According to a further embodiment of the invention, only one brake unit 70, 70' is provided on the drive shaft 60 of the drive motor 50, which performs the function of the blocking brake 70 and the drive brake 90. One such brake with two functions closes with a standard speed one for a standard drive. the service brake, while, on the other hand, in the case of "snag", that is, a necessary stop (Notstopp), the brake closes quickly.
Ovo se postiže pomoću hidrauličnog komandnog bloka 70.3 sa dva razvodna ventila, pri čemu jedan razvodni ventil, koji se aktivira pomoću elektronskog signala, brzo zatvara kočnicu 70, 70' u velikom poprečnom preseku protoka hidrauličnog fluida, a drugi razvodni ventil je namenjen za uobičajenu pogonsku kočnicu, koja izvodi povećan ciklus uključivanja/isključivanja. This is achieved by means of a hydraulic control block 70.3 with two diverting valves, where one diverting valve, activated by an electronic signal, quickly closes the brake 70, 70' in a large cross-section of hydraulic fluid flow, and the other diverting valve is intended for a conventional service brake, which performs an increased on/off cycle.
Jedan takav hidraulični komandni blok 70.3, koji dopušta dve funkcije za ovu upravljivu jedinicu sa kočnicom, biće prvenstveno predviđen takođe i kao upravljački blok 180.3 na sigurnosnoj kočnici 180. One such hydraulic control block 70.3, which allows two functions for this controllable brake unit, will preferably also be provided as a control block 180.3 on the safety brake 180.
Blokirna kočnica se u suštini razlikuje od pogonske kočnice s jedne strane u broju uključnoisključnih ciklusa, a s druge strane u kraćem vremenu reagovanja-odziva. The blocking brake essentially differs from the driving brake, on the one hand, in the number of on-off cycles, and on the other hand, in a shorter reaction-response time.
Osiguranje od preopterećenja izvedeno u skladu sa pronalaskom radne dizalice može se koristiti na pogodan način i za druge radne dizalice, a ne samo kao postrojenje za podizanje kontejnera, na primer kod postrojenja za podizanje kabine lifta, kod koga se kabina lifta kreće kao teret u uskom oknu. Kod jedne takve radne dizalice, blokirna kočnica 70 i sigurnosna kočnica 180 se mogu rasporediti na jedno vratilo sa obe strane jednog prenosnika. Takođe se kod jednog takvog izvođenja obe kočnice mogu prvenstveno pomoću hidrauličnog upravljačkog bloka uključivati na taj način, da svaka od njih ispunjava funkciju pogonske kočnice i blokirne kočnice. The overload protection performed in accordance with the working crane invention can be conveniently used for other working cranes, not only as a container lifting plant, for example in an elevator car lifting plant, where the elevator car moves as a load in a narrow shaft. In one such working crane, the blocking brake 70 and the safety brake 180 can be arranged on one shaft on both sides of one transmission. Also, in one such embodiment, both brakes can be activated primarily by means of a hydraulic control block in such a way that each of them fulfills the function of a driving brake and a blocking brake.
Kod jedne takve radne dizalice, koja u suštini odgovara jednoj strani radne dizalice prikazane na slici 1, važe iste forme izvođenja u pogledu dizajniranja kočnica i senzora kao što je opisano na osnovu dvostrane radne dizalice prikazane na slici 1. In one such working crane, which essentially corresponds to the one-sided working crane shown in Figure 1, the same embodiments regarding the design of brakes and sensors as described on the basis of the double-sided working crane shown in Figure 1 apply.
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DE102013200514.8A DE102013200514A1 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2013-01-15 | Overload protection for conveyors, in particular cranes |
| PCT/EP2014/050705 WO2014111424A1 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2014-01-15 | Overload-prevention means for container crane installations |
| EP14700654.8A EP2945899B1 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2014-01-15 | Overload-prevention means for container crane installations |
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| CY (1) | CY1121808T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102013200514A1 (en) |
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| EP3804825B1 (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2023-11-15 | Virtuix Holdings Inc. | System and method of soft decoupling an input |
| DE102017126182B4 (en) | 2017-11-09 | 2023-01-19 | Brosa Ag | Force measuring device with dynamic compensation |
| CN108217467A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-29 | 北京起重运输机械设计研究院 | A kind of shaft coupling off-axis detection protection system, method and crane |
| DE102018126964A1 (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2020-05-14 | Pintsch Bubenzer Gmbh | BRAKE ARRANGEMENT FOR SECURING A CONVEYOR, CONVEYOR AND CRANE SYSTEM |
| CN116040489B (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2024-08-23 | 江苏省特种设备安全监督检验研究院 | Redundant control system applied to crane, control method and storage medium thereof |
| CN116425069A (en) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-07-14 | 南京中船绿洲机器有限公司 | One-piece electric frequency conversion winch for crane |
| CN119111808A (en) * | 2024-11-12 | 2024-12-13 | 闽清县北马农业科技有限公司 | Bamboo shoot cleaning machine |
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| US2525402A (en) * | 1947-08-02 | 1950-10-10 | Cleveland Crane Eng | Hoist brake |
| SE406904B (en) * | 1977-11-25 | 1979-03-05 | Atlas Copco Ab | DEVICE FOR PREVENTING EXCEEDING PERMISSIBLE LINKING POWER AT COMPRESSED AIR POWERED LOAD HANDLERS |
| US4175727A (en) * | 1978-03-06 | 1979-11-27 | Ederer Incorporated | Single failure proof crane |
| US4462570A (en) * | 1982-08-25 | 1984-07-31 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Hoist overload limiter |
| DE19645811C2 (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 1998-10-01 | Stahl R Foerdertech Gmbh | Control arrangement for emergency shutdown |
| GB9715293D0 (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 1997-09-24 | Street Crane Company Limited | Monitor and/or overload means |
| DE19905020A1 (en) * | 1999-01-28 | 2000-08-10 | Mannesmann Ag | Continuous monitoring of normal crane functioning involves comparing predefinable lifting motion demand value with actual value, activating emergency brake if deviation excessive |
| FI20002084A0 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2000-09-21 | Kci Kone Cranes Int Oy | Method for monitoring the operation of the crane brake |
| DE10320231A1 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2004-12-02 | Waagner-Biro Germany Stage Systems Gmbh | winch |
| CN2628508Y (en) * | 2003-06-16 | 2004-07-28 | 湖南省煤矿机械厂 | Improved mechanical stepless variable speed hoister |
| CN2811252Y (en) * | 2005-04-06 | 2006-08-30 | 上海振华港口机械（集团）股份有限公司 | Dual lifting mechanism for bis-40' quayside container crane |
| DE102006003832B4 (en) | 2006-01-26 | 2008-10-16 | Bubenzer Bremsen Gerhard Bubenzer Ing. Gmbh | Control and regulating arrangement for securing a conveyor, conveyor and crane system |
| DE102012107723B4 (en) | 2012-08-22 | 2019-04-18 | Sibre Siegerland-Bremsen Gmbh | Fail-safe device, in particular brake unit for a disc brake |
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2013
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2014
- 2014-01-15 WO PCT/EP2014/050705 patent/WO2014111424A1/en not_active Ceased
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- 2014-01-15 PL PL14700654T patent/PL2945899T3/en unknown
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- 2019-07-10 CY CY20191100724T patent/CY1121808T1/en unknown
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| WO2014111424A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
| SI2945899T1 (en) | 2019-08-30 |
| LT2945899T (en) | 2019-07-10 |
| ES2734219T3 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
| SMT201900346T1 (en) | 2019-07-11 |
| CY1121808T1 (en) | 2020-07-31 |
| PL2945899T3 (en) | 2019-12-31 |
| DK2945899T3 (en) | 2019-07-15 |
| TR201910195T4 (en) | 2019-07-22 |
| EP2945899B1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
| HRP20191336T1 (en) | 2019-11-01 |
| PT2945899T (en) | 2019-07-25 |
| HUE045369T2 (en) | 2019-12-30 |
| DE102013200514A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
| EP2945899A1 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
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