RS56199B1 - MULTIPLE PARTIALLY DISPLAYING GRAIN GRAIN - Google Patents

Description

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a two-part or multi-part, predominantly lead-free, partially bursting grain (for a bullet) without coating for hunting practice or a one-part grain from the same family, the same in material, external shape and weight for sporting shooting practice. A partially bursting grain, or projectile, includes one predetermined section for separation, i.e. the tip, an inseparable part placed behind it in the direction of firing, namely the rear part or one final roller and one connecting section, which connects the tip and the rear part to each other. The detachable section separates after the weapon is fired, that is, upon impact or when penetrating the target's body. The unbreakable slice then penetrates the target's body. The grain can be placed in a regular case to form a bullet.

[0002] Especially when practicing hunting, the choice of grain, which nowadays should be more and more lead-free, must be consistent with the target distance and the type of game being hunted. In addition to complicated and expensive hunting pellets, a simpler and cheaper lead-free pellet is needed for practicing shooting at an open shooting range or in a closed shooting range, which with the same structural external shape as the hunting pellet, the same setting of the visor and reaching the target does not result in a significant change in the point of impact. In this way, the hunter can use his weapon to the same extent for hunting practice or sport shooting without having to change or adjust the sight device.

[0003] For hunting, a lead-free pellet is used, which even at long shooting distances, for example when practicing mountain hunting, has a long flight path and quickly and reliably kills game with a controlled partial burst.

[0004] The state of the art is represented by lead-free grains with a coating that behave similarly to grains with a coating and lead content and as solid grains. Coated lead-free pellets generally have one or more cores of a soft material, such as tin, which are mostly coated with a thin coating made of tiles of tombac, steel, or copper-nickel. Sometimes unwanted deformations and unwanted tearing of the lining or even grain cracks can occur here. The consequences for larger game would be poor depth penetration with partial misses and/or increased tearing of game meat.

[0005] Solid grains, mostly of copper-zinc alloy, often have a depression leading from the tip of the grain and an open or covered hollow tip. In addition, places of breakage (splintering) are often in the form of grooves or notches. The final roll is formed only when the tip of the bullet separates or bursts during the action of sufficient compression. The mass and shape of the finishing roller are influenced by the characteristics of the grain material, the shape of the tip of the grain and the compression that occurs when penetrating the body of the target. Compression depends on the input grain velocity and the characteristics of the target body. Known grains often require a high input velocity to achieve the desired effect, or they only have the desired effect within a predetermined range of velocities. In the case of weak game (e.g. roe deer), the delivery of grain energy to the body of the target may be slightly absent. With strong game (e.g. red deer, wild boar and large antelope), different shapes and residual weight of the final roller are often formed, which do not penetrate the body of the target with a stable direction or penetrate insufficiently and thus do not give a reliable hit or give a too weak hit. The consequences of that would be a long escape route, the subsequent death of the game and too few tracks to hunt down the wounded animal. Extremely high hit speeds often lead to ruptured organs and heavy bleeding leading to a reduction in the value of the catch (loss of meat).

[0006] The amount of fragments or the formation of the gunshot mark are different in terms of their size and quantity. Sometimes the entire grain can split and create a shot trail, or the finish roll or even the entire grain can change shape in the body of the target.

[0007] To reduce the pressure resistance on full or multi-part copper-zinc alloy grains in the transition cone in the tube or to reduce friction when passing through the stages of the path in the state of the art, small or soft support surfaces on the full grain are provided. They are made in the form of guide strips, facilitating notches on the guide surface or by applying a soft material over the bullet core.

[0008] DE 25 35 704 A1 describes a cartridge for pistols and rifles which consists of a case filled with powder with an igniter and one inserted grain, wherein the grain has an approximately cylindrical basic body above which is a tip and/or a circumferential rim and a protruding circumferential edge and on the front side a circumferential shoulder of a relatively hard material such as iron, tombac or copper.

[0009] DE 2 223 212 A1 presents to the public a grain, especially a hunting one, which consists of the front blasting part of the grain and the back non-blasting part of the striking body, which are in a common lining, characterized by the fact that in the lining between the front part of the bullet and the rear striking body, an annular or essentially circumferential notch is made, as a place intended for separation.

[0010] From DE 200 19 831 one can gain an insight into a rotating, explosive grain, where the explosion is achieved by air under pressure, which is made of three main bodies, one of which is made of a hard material, for example steel, and has a pointed shape, while the two other bodies, seen in the axial direction, are in the continuation of this body and are connected to each other by an axial spindle or screw plug, whereby the spindle is protruding beyond the rear part of the pointed hard body and where the attachment is made by a nut which is screwed onto the rear part of this spindle (screw cap) and which protrudes beyond the rear surface or the base surface of the rear body, characterized by the fact that the body forming the top of the hard material has the shape of a hemmed cup and a recess towards the other body, while at the end of the spindle a fastening nut is screwed by means of which the three bodies are interconnected and it is covered by a part that serves as a cover which forms the termination of the posterior part of the last body of plastic.

[0011] AT 264322 shows a grain with a coating, which consists of an essentially cylindrical metal core and a tubular plastic coating that surrounds it, characterized by the fact that the plastic coating ends on its front side with a massively derived top of the grain, and on its back side with a rim bent inward and that the metal core rests towards the top of the grain via an annular rim with its front surface on one shoulder and that at the end of the grain it rests on the edge of the plastic casing bent towards the inside.

[0012] From US 5880 398 it is possible to see a multi-purpose bullet consisting of a thermoplastic body, a cap and a core made of pressed gunpowder. A bullet at high firing speeds can be used to penetrate and destroy large amounts of human tissue, and with low firing speeds only to cause tissue shock.

[0013] DE 102 57 590 A1 describes a pellet for a hunting rifle with a jacket of lead-free, soft, tough material and a single core connected to a jacket of softer material than the jacket. The task is to improve such a hunting bullet, since it forms trailing notches and the material melts when the grain enters and in the body of the game, with a significant expansion of the cross-section, deformation of the tip into the shape of a mushroom occurs, while the grain only partially bursts and has a high final weight (90% or more). This hunting bullet has a thin coated grain head and has a very pronounced sharp edge at the transition of the grain head to the essentially thick coated rear. On the inside, the hunting bullet has a large notch made in the thickness of the casing wall and filled with core material.

[0014] DE 10317 404 A1 presents to the public a full grain without a coating as a deformable grain or a partially bursting grain with an identical caliber and one closed hollow space at the top of the grain, in which in order to achieve the same point of impact of the grain on the target and the action of the selected grain with the same handling of the weapon, the same adjustment according to the target, the identical position, external volume, center of gravity, mass of the base alloy, i.e. copper-zinc alloys, and the hollow space in the top of the grain consists of a combination of cylindrical and conical sections and, together with the composition of the grain material, is adapted to the action of the grain.

[0015] US2008/0196616 discloses a partially exploding grain according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0016] The task of the invention consists in realizing a partially bursting hunting grain that meets the requirements of being cheaply produced and of perfect functioning.

[0017] This task is solved in the multi-part, partially bursting grain mentioned in the introduction by the fact that the connecting section is made as a concentric compression cylinder with a smaller outer diameter than the top and rear part of the grain and which can be pulled into the top and/or rear part of the grain. According to the invention, a two-part or multi-part hunting pellet is proposed, which is composed, viewed in the direction of firing, of a front and predetermined separable section, i.e. a tip, and one viewed in the direction of firing, a rear and non-explosive section, i.e. the rear part or the rear roller. The top and the back part can be directly connected to each other, so without additional, essential, component intermediate parts. The connection is made with a compression cylinder that is made either on the top or the back part or on both of the mentioned parts and where these parts can be pulled into each other or pressed into each other. The invention dispenses with the need to construct a grain from a single, i.e. complete, envelope and core that is enveloped by it. The invention adheres more to the principle of dividing the grain transversely in relation to its length and making both parts, namely the tip and the back part, so that they can be joined together. This fulfills all the requirements, both in relation to production and in relation to adaptability to the application, the production can be carried out on already common machines, while in the application the desired grain behavior is obtained which is partially dispersed and which forms the final roller. Especially by separating the tip, on the one hand, and the rear part, on the other hand, both components can be obtained thanks to separate production and different construction and can have the desired and basically different characteristics, so the tip and the rear part can be adapted to their separate tasks and functions during firing, during flight, during impact, during penetration and when passing through the animal's body.

[0018] The compression cylinder essentially has the task of connecting the tip and the back to each other. For this purpose, it can be designed so that it can be inserted both in the top and in the back. This results in a three-part hunting grain. According to one suitable embodiment of the invention, the compression cylinder is made flat at the top and can be connected to the rear part or is made flat at the back part and can be connected to the top. In that other integral part of the hunting grain, with which it is not equal, the compression cylinder can be retracted without changing its shape. The compression cylinder may be a single round or angular body or at least partially a conical cylindrical body, with a connecting part relative to the top or rear part into which or by which it can be drawn or pressed. In this way, he can connect the tip and the back with a connection that is achieved by force and/or shape. A one-piece design with a tip or a rear part results in a two-part grain that is simpler to manufacture, because one less part has to be mounted.

[0019] The compression cylinder after hitting the grain on the animal's body must not have a negative effect on the subsequent bursting of the tip nor on the shape of the rear part represented by the rear roller. According to a further embodiment of the invention, an annular circumferential groove can therefore be provided between the compression cylinder and the top or rear part, which serves as the place of the intended break. An annular circumferential groove is conveniently extended at the point where there is a difference between the outer diameter of the tip or rear part, on the one hand, and the compression cylinder, on the other hand. The place of the predicted fracture is thus located in the area where the tip rests on the rear part and thus in the plane that represents the separation surface or the contact surface between the tip and the rear part. If the compression cylinder breaks in the place intended for the break, the tip and the back part are separated from each other. If the compression cylinder is made flush with the top, the annular groove lies on the jump in diameter between the top and the compression cylinder. In the second case, the annular groove that serves as the site of the predicted fracture lies between the compression cylinder and the rear part. The annular groove represents a place of reliable separation between the tip and the rear part after the impact of the grain into the body of the animal so that in any case the rear part with a stable shape like a cylindrical rear roller can penetrate the animal body unimpeded by the compression cylinder.

[0020] According to a further suitable embodiment of the invention, the compression cylinder is designed as a hollow body. In this way, it has a tubular shape that is very stable in the radial and axial direction and that enhances the action of the annular groove as a place of anticipated breakage. In this way, the hollow or compression cylinder in the form of a sleeve can be separated more easily from the part of the grain with which it is made equal.

[0021] One characteristic of a partially exploding grain is that the tip, after encountering the body of the animal, explodes in a predetermined and controlled manner. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the tip may comprise an open, partially covered or fully covered hollow spike. The open hollow point can be made from the front, i.e. on the point of the tip, or from the back, namely from the surface for separation and contact, with which the tip rests on the rear part. A partially covered or fully covered hollow spike can be formed on the top from its rear side, for example by drilling. Its diameter may depend on tip weight criteria and/or desired chip size and/or desired chip quantity. In any case, it determines the stability of the tip and thus its behavior when the partially bursting grain hits the animal's body. The larger the diameter of the opening of the hollow spike, the sooner and easier, that is, at lower speeds, the tip bursts upon impact or after penetration into the animal's body.

[0022] The next decisive advantage of the invention consists in particular in that the rear part, i.e. the rear roller, has a predetermined shape and mass at impact speeds of 600 to 1000 m/s. Thus, they can hardly be influenced or can only be slightly influenced by the size of the animal's body, the deformation of the tip and the formation of debris.

[0023] For reasons of aerodynamics, the top has the shape of a rounded cone, the so-called ellipsoidal outer contour. It is common in rifle grains. A through or closed opening for forming a hollow spike, in contrast, has a regular cylindrical inner contour. Thus, the tip can have a wall thickness that increases towards the rear, which results in increased impact resistance. This can adversely affect the desired spray. According to a further suitable embodiment of the invention, concentric openings of different diameters can be made in the tip in order to form an at least partially covered or completely covered hollow spike. This does not result in a uniform and constant tip wall thickness. By skilfully changing the opening diameter, wall thicknesses can be obtained from the defined minimum to maximum thickness. This can ensure that the tip shatters upon impact to a predetermined size and number of fragments.

[0024] According to one further suitable embodiment of the invention, the tip can have grooves as places of intended breakage. They can, for example, be annular and voluminous and can be performed primarily at the transition of the diameter between the different sizes of the diameter of the opening on the inner side of the tip. This enhances the effect of apertures with different diameters and promotes predefined tip bursting.

[0025] In a similar way, the grooves can alternatively, additionally or exclusively be provided in the axial or longitudinal direction of the tip. Also, they can be performed, that is, they can extend on the outside of the tip and/or on the inside, namely in a hollow spike. Their arrangement on the inner side of the tip, i.e. in a hollow spike, protects the grooves from dirt or filling so that they can reliably and without the influence of external influences serve as the places of the intended break. The external grooves do not, in principle, serve to distinguish one specific type of grain.

[0026] If the compression cylinder is carried out at the rear and pulled into the top, it should also explode on target and completely. According to a further suitable embodiment of the invention, a groove can therefore be formed on the compression cylinder as the place of the intended break. And it can also, viewed from above, be annular and extend on the inside of the hollow compression cylinder or be on its outside. Alternatively and/or additionally, at least one axial groove can be provided for reliable bursting of the compression cylinder in case of impact or penetration.

[0027] According to a further suitable embodiment of the invention, the tip can be composed of several components that are made of different materials. The components are assembled in a convenient way from concentric bodies in the form of a cup, plate or ring so that together they form a top. Different materials are an additional or alternative possibility to break the tip into the same or similar fragments. Boundary surfaces between different component parts and thus between different materials can in turn serve as places of predicted fracture. In a suitable and convenient embodiment, the compression cylinder can also serve to hold the various component parts of the top together and to connect them together to the rear part.

[0028] After the impact of the grain and the breaking of the tip, the rear roller with its front surface, preferably with sharp edges and a stable front side, which was previously the contact surface with the tip, should penetrate the body of the animal in a stable direction. The front surface of the rear roller should be deformed as little as possible and should have a rim with sharp edges that is favorable for penetration. The result is a smooth cutting edge of the fur when penetrating the animal's body and then the stability of the direction of penetration of the rear roller into the animal's body. According to a further suitable embodiment of the invention, a separate cavitation plate can be placed between the top and the rear part, which forms a stable front side of the rear roller. If the rear part of the grain is made of soft material due to production or weight reasons, a cavitation plate made of harder material can give it a stable front side. In this way, the front side of the rear roller remains preserved even when encountering bones, so that the rear roller does not lose its penetrating characteristics.

[0029] In order to reduce the resistance to the pressure of grain penetration on the transition cone and to reduce the friction of grain penetration along the path and fields of the pipe on a larger scale, that is, on the geometric envelope of the grain, so-called guide strips can be made. They define a small but accurate contact surface and guarantee, at a small increase in pressure, good grain guidance and sealing in the pipe, which preserves it and has a longer service life.

[0030] According to the following suitable embodiment of the invention, the grain on the outer side, that is, on the geometric envelope of the rear part between the guide strips, can have one extensive toothed groove ("crimping" groove). The serrated groove serves, in addition to maintaining a predetermined position of the grain in the cartridge case (fitting depth), for firmly pressing the material of the case into the serrated groove, which results in a tight fit of the grain. A serrated groove next to the base of the groove inclined towards the top may have one rectangular step, i.e. a transition at an angle of 90º to the adjacent guide strip. The step, i.e. the transition forms for the entrance to the case, at the same length of the case, a defined edge for abutment so that the entrance to the case cannot move in the direction of the top, i.e. the grain during loading and unloading, especially during the closing of the cartridge on a self-loading weapon, cannot be pressed into the entrance to the case, but that the depth of abutment is always the same. This promotes a uniform firing process with high accuracy.

[0031] According to the following suitable embodiment of the invention, the grain can include a rear part that has a formed compression cylinder on its front side, wherein the rear part has a concentric and annular notch that extends around the compression cylinder on the front side. The annular notch therefore extends in the axial direction and does not interrupt the anterior surface of the posterior part. After the grain hits the animal's body and after the desired bursting of the tip and the compression cylinder, the notch can cause the rear roller to spread evenly. Due to the location of the intended fracture and the complete bursting of the tip and the compression cylinder, the expansion takes place without creating a trace and gives the rear roller on its front surface a diameter that is greater than the caliber of the original bullet. In this way, the rear roller gets a so-called caliber increase when penetrating the animal's body.

[0032] According to the following suitable embodiment of the invention, the tip and the rear part can be made of different materials. Thus, the tip and the back can be optimally adapted to their different tasks, different processing and different purposes.

[0033] The principle of the invention will be explained in more detail with the help of pictures given as an example. The pictures show the following.

Figure 1 shows the exterior of the hunting grain.

Figure 2 shows a hunting grain in partial section.

Figures 3 to 8 show the tip of the hunting grain 6 in various designs.

Figure 9 shows the rear part with the compression cylinder.

Figure 10 shows a detail from Figure 9.

Figure 11 shows a separate compression cylinder.

Figures 12 to 14 show embodiments of the rear section with a compression cylinder mounted thereon.

Figure 15 shows the details of the rear part.

Figure 16 shows the construction of the grain and its partial bursting.

Figures 17 to 19 show the construction of the grain with the cavitation plate.

Figures 20, 21 show a two-part grain construction without a cavitation plate.

Figures 22, 23 show the three-part construction of the grain.

Figures 24, 25 show the practice grain.

Figures 26, 27 show an alternative version of the grain of the two-part construction.

[0034] Fig. 1 shows the external appearance of the grain 1 according to the invention, which is designed as a conventional rifle grain and which is divided into a rounded, conical part, i.e. a tip 2 with an arched end and a rear part 3 located behind it. The tip 2 consists of a semi-pointed spike 22 of the cone and one regularly shaped, rounded blunting of the cone 23, and these parts are separated from each other by an annular notch 21 which is made in the form of a ring on the outer surface 20 and which is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the grain.

[0035] The top 2 and the rear part 3 are connected on the contact surface 29, whose area of extension is normal in relation to the longitudinal axis a. Then, a cylindrical section is continued on the rear part 3, which is divided by six guide strips 8. The guide strips form the outer part, or element, of the geometric shell of the grain 1 which is farthest from its longitudinal axis a. They represent contact surfaces, i.e. contact surfaces of grain 1 with the barrel of the weapon (not shown) and are used for partial contact of grain 1, whereby the friction between it and parts of the gun barrel can be concretely defined and possibly reduced.

[0036] Between the second and third guide strips 8, viewed in the firing direction, there is a toothed groove 5. The entrance to the cartridge sleeve (not shown) is pressed onto it with grain 1 and fixed by plastic deformation.

[0037] The generally cylindrical section 32 of the rear part 3 is continued by the tapering end 33 which ends with the rear side 34.

[0038] Figure 2 in a partial section shows a more accurate construction of the grain 1 according to the invention, according to the figure it consists of the rear part 3 on which the compression cylinder 4 is mounted. The compression cylinder 4 has a slightly smaller outer diameter than the rear part 3 and extends from the contact surface 29 to the front, seen in the direction of firing. Generally cylindrical in shape, the compression cylinder 4 is made hollow by means of a conical inner opening 10. In this way, it forms a tube, so to speak, which is made equal and which protrudes from the rear part 3.

[0039] The outer diameter b of the compression cylinder 4 approximately corresponds to the first inner diameter c of the hollow tip 2, which refers to the multi-stage closed opening 24 (hole) in the tip 2. Thus, the tip 2 can be placed by fitting on the compression cylinder 4 and connected to the rear part 3 by fitting forces. Both on its outer surface and on its conical inner opening 10, the compression cylinder 4 has annular grooves 6 which are carried out on the surface of its length and are located in the area of the contact surface 29, that is, at the transition between the compression cylinder 4 and the rear part 3. They form deep notches, or notches for breakage, and have the function of a place of intended breakage.

[0040] The opening 24 gives the tip 2 the shape of a covered hollow tip. It has three diameters c, d and e, which decrease in the direction from the contact surface 29 to the tip 22. At each sharp transition of the inner diameters of the opening 24, i.e. at the transition of the inner diameter c to the inner diameter d and at the transition of the inner diameter d to the inner diameter e, annular grooves 7 are cut. top cover 2.

[0041] On the contact surface 29 between the top 2 and the rear part 3 lies the stepped bearing 9 of the cavitation plate in which the cavitation plate 13 is placed.

[0042] Figures 3 to 8 show variants of the embodiment of the tip 2 of a partially bursting grain according to the invention. Figures 3 to 5 show a one-piece tip, and figures 6 to 8 a two-piece tip 2. Variants of the embodiment according to figures 3 to 5 have a common opening 24 (with a bottom), which tapers with three internal diameters c, d, e towards the tip 22 of the cone. On each step of the internal diameters c, d, e, one groove 7 is made, whereby the upper groove 7 corresponds to the annular notch 21 on the surface 20 of the cover of the corresponding tip 2. There are no major differences in this regard in the three variants of the execution from figures 3 to 5.

[0043] Fig. 3, as well as Fig. 2, show a covered hollow top, because the opening 24 extends completely through the blunting 23 of the cone, but not over the top 22 of the cone. The surface 20 of the envelope is continuous at the top 22 of the cone according to Figure 3.

[0044] On the contrary, the opening 24 in the embodiment according to Figure 4 extends both to the blunting 23 of the cone and to the top 22 of the cone. Thus, peak 2 becomes an open hollow peak.

[0045] In contrast, the opening 24 in the embodiment according to Figure 5 extends all the way to the tip 22 of the cone, but does not pass completely through it. It extends from the side of the tip 22 of the cone facing the blunting of the cone and enters it for two thirds of its length. Axial to it is a short opening 25 seen in the firing direction and it has the same inner diameter e, but it does not connect with the opening 24.

[0046] Comparable principles in connection with the hollow top have also the designs according to figures 6 to 8. Contrary to the designs from figures 3 to 5, the opening 24 has different internal diameters c and e. The tip 2, according to the designs from pictures 6 to 8, does not have an annular notch 21, which would divide it into the tip of the cone and the blunting of the cone. However, it is made in two parts and consists of a spike 26 tip and a blunt tip 27, which are made of different materials. In this way, the characteristics of tip 2 can be influenced in a targeted manner during impact.

[0047] Figure 9 shows the rear part 3 with a single compression cylinder 4 on it. The construction of the rear part 3 essentially corresponds to the constructions of Figures 1 and 2. It can be seen in the illustration that the compression cylinder 4 not only has annular grooves 6 on its surface, but also has several vertical grooves 41 parallel to the longitudinal axis. Also, they, as places intended for breakage, serve for a planned and controlled bursting of the compression cylinder 4.

Figure 10 makes it possible to clearly see that the annular groove 6 on the compression cylinder 4 immediately or right next to it passes above the contact surface 29 between the rear part 3 and the not shown tip 2. It is slightly more incised than the upper groove 6 and thus forms a reliable place of breakage between the compression cylinder 4 on the one hand and the rear part 3 on the other.

[0049] Immediately above the lower groove 6, an annular rim 42 extends around the circumference of the compression cylinder 4. It forms a protrusion for jamming the compression cylinder 4 into the opening 24 of the tip 2 (compare with figures 3 to 8). This creates a particularly stable connection between the tip 2 and the rear part 3 via the compression cylinder 4 as a connecting element.

[0050] Figures 9 and 10 show the compression cylinder 4 when it is made equal to the rear part 3. As an alternative, according to Figure 11, the compression cylinder 40 can have one generally cylindrical holder 43 of the tip and one also cylindrical or possibly slightly conical holder 44 of the rear part and can serve as a separate connecting part of one in the other parts of the unchanged top 2 and the rear part 3. In the separate construction of the compression cylinder 40 belonging the back part 3 also has an opening which fits with the back part holder 44 (not shown). This results in a three-part partially blasting grain consisting of a tip 2, a rear part 3 and a separate compression cylinder 4. Despite the more complicated assembly, this construction can have advantages when different materials have to be chosen for the different components 2, 3, 4.

[0051] Figures 12, 13, 14 show different versions of the rear part 3 with formed compression cylinder 4 according to the principle of figures 1, 2 and 9, 10. They have in common the external shape of the rear part 3, which consists of a cylindrical section 32 and a narrowing end 33. Above the contact surface 29 rises or continues on it the compression cylinder 4 made flush with the rear part. 3. In all the embodiments in figures 12, 13, 14, it has a generally cylindrical outer contour, has outside and inside annular grooves 6 as places of intended breakage and, due to its internal conical opening 10, is designed as a hollow body. Unlike pictures 13 and 14, the version from picture 12 has an additional bearing 9 for the cavitation plate. It represents the annular step of the contact surface 29 and has a larger outer diameter than the outer diameter of the compression cylinder 4. With the cavitation plate 13 drawn on (compare with figure 2), one continuous flat surface for the contact surface 29 is obtained.

[0052] The embodiment according to Figure 14 differs from both previous embodiments in particular by the longer construction of the compression cylinder 4 in the axial direction. Due to its greater length in the axial direction, it carries two additional concentric annular grooves 6, one on the outer side and one on the inner side of the compression cylinder 4. It acts jointly with the tip 2, the designs of which are shown in figures 6, 7 and 8, because it requires a longer opening 24 with an internal diameter c in the tip 2.

[0053] Figures 15a, 15b explain the construction of the cylindrical section 32 of the rear part 3 and the shape of the toothed groove 5 ("crimping" groove). The cylindrical section 32 extends from the first to the last guide strip 8 and does not have a flat cover, but rather has a wavy shape due to the design of the guide strips 8 and the toothed groove 5 placed between them. Each guide strip 8 consists of one cylindrical and annular, in relation to the axis a (compare with figure 1) concentric surface 80 of the guide strip. In the longitudinal direction, one slope 81 of the guide strip continues in front and behind each surface 80 of the guide strip, where the slopes are of mutually opposite inclination. Each bevel 81 of the guide strip has a larger diameter than that corresponding to the surface 80 of the guide strip and a smaller diameter to which the annular and also cylindrical base 82 of the guide strip continues. A series of several guide strips 8 produces a wavy outer surface of the otherwise cylindrical section 32. The four lower guide strips 8 have a distance of 1.4 mm. On the fourth guide strip 8 viewed from the end 33, instead of the next base of the guide strip, a serrated groove 5 continues. It has a width of approximately 1.3 mm and is not cylindrical, but is made conically, narrowing towards the top 2. This creates a transition 11 towards the next guide strip 8, which is made almost like a rectangular step in relation to the otherwise wavy outer surface of the cylindrical section 32. It is again continued by a guide strip which has a slightly shortened bevel 83 of the guide strip and a wider surface 84 of the guide strip and has a greater distance than looking towards the top of the last guide strip 8.

[0054] The stepped transition 11 represents a fitting edge for the entrance to the sleeve of a cartridge filled with a powder charge. It prevents that the entrance to the sleeve after pressing with the bullet in the serrated groove 5 can be further moved in the direction of the tip 2, i.e. that the grain during loading and unloading, especially when closing the cartridge in a self-loading weapon, can be pushed into the entrance to the sleeve and that the depth of insertion remains the same. This aids in a uniform firing process for greater accuracy.

[0055] Figure 16 shows, in the order from top to bottom, both components of the partially bursting hunting grain 1 according to the invention with the tip 2 and the rear part 3 and with the formed compression cylinder 4 according to Figures 1 and 2. There you can see the assembled grain 1 as it is drawn into the cartridge, that is, as it leaves the barrel after firing. Below is a schematic representation of the condition of the grain 1 after the impact, where the rear part 3 as the rear roller penetrates the body of the animal unchanged while the earlier tip 2 shatters into fragments A, and the earlier compression cylinder 4 shatters into fragments B. The places of intended breakage on the tip 2, namely the grooves 7 and 21, as well as on the compression cylinder 4, namely the grooves 6, lead to the desired and uniform bursting of the top 2, that is, of the compression cylinder 4 into predefined fragments. By reliably separating the tip 2 and the compression cylinder 4 from the rear part 3, it is ensured an unhindered penetration inside the body of the animal, which is not hindered by the otherwise known trail left by partially exploding grains.

[0056] For the path of the stable direction of the rear part 3, the reliable bursting of the tip 2 and the compression cylinder 4 is of great importance. the grooves 6 and 7 inside the grain, namely on the inner side of the tip 2, and the compression cylinder 4 surrounded by them. They cannot be filled there by inadvertent contamination and thereby negatively affect the function. Only the annular notch 21 is exposed to this danger, which can be ignored due to the insignificant size or depth of the annular notch 21.

[0057] Figures 17, 18, 19 show the grain with the cavitation plate 13. All three versions have a rear part 3, which corresponds to that of Figure 12. The versions according to Figures 17 and 18 otherwise differ in that the tip 2 according to Figure 17 has an open hollow top, while the tip 2 according to Figure 18 has a covered hollow top. In addition, figures 17, 18, 19 show the position and mounting of the cavitation plate 13, which is placed in the area of the contact surface 29 between the top 2 and the rear part 3 in the bearing 9 of the cavitation plate. The cavitation plate 13, as already explained above, has a larger inner diameter than the outer diameter of the compression cylinder 4. Therefore, when mounting the grain 1 on the compression cylinder 4, it can be strung and placed in the bearing 9 of the plate. At the same time, it completely fills the stepped bearing 9 of the plate, that is, together with the contact surface 29, it forms one plane.

[0058] Figures 20, 21 show a similar grain 1, but without the cavitation plate. Otherwise, the construction is identical to the versions from pictures 18, 19. The way this construction works is shown in picture 16.

[0059] Figures 22 and 23 show a three-part hunting grain 1, whose rear part 3 is, similar to that of Figure 14 and its tip, performed as in Figure 6. Since the tip 2 consists of a spike 26 of the tip and below it a body 27 of the tip shown separately, the compression cylinder 4 is made with a longer length and completely enters the body 27 of the tip and extends all the way to the spike 26 of the tip. It thereby joins the component parts 26, 27 of the tip 2 and connects them to the rear part 3. In the assembled state, the upper annular grooves 6 correspond to the separation surface between the spike 26 of the tip and the body 27 of the tip. This ensures the functioning of the upper annular grooves 6 as the place of the intended break, since the two-part tip 2 bursts under the load into the spike of the tip 26 and the body 27 of the tip.

[0060] Figures 24, 25 show the appearance and cross-section of the training grain, which is made in one piece and corresponds in shape and weight to the multi-part hunting grain 1. Unlike the hunting grain 1, the training grain according to Figures 24, 25 does not have an annular notch 21 at the top. From its spike it has, moreover, a simple opening 28 which extends through the whole of the tip 2 and through the first third of the rear part 3.

[0061] Figures 26, 27 show a further embodiment of the hunting bead 1. Contrary to the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2 they show a modified construction of the guide strips 8. Similar to the toothed groove 5 according to Figures 15a, 15b and here the base 85 of the guide strip between the guide strips 8 is inclined in the direction of the tip 2.

[0062] The pointed outer surface of the tip 2 extends along it to the first section 31 of the rear part 3. From it, a compression cylinder 50 protrudes forward, viewed in the direction of firing, which has a cylindrical opening 51. In this case, the opening 51 does not only pass through the compression cylinder 50, but extends to the first third of the rear part 3. At the entrance, the opening 51 has a conical extension 52. Concentric with the compression cylinder 50 and with a larger diameter than its outer diameter on the contact surface 29, an annular notch 53 is made, which replaces the lower annular groove 6 (compare with figures 9, 10) as a place of intended breakage between the compression cylinder 50 and the rear part 3. It serves not only as a place of intended breakage for separating the compression cylinder 50 from the rear part 3, but at the same time for the expansion, i.e. expansion in the form of a mushroom, of the front side of the rear part 3 over the original caliber. Thus, the partially exploding hunting grain 1 according to the invention in the body of the animal has a larger cross-section of action at the rear part 3 and creates a larger shot opening in the animal's body.

[0063] According to the invention, a two-part or multi-part hunting grain (fig. 1, 2) is proposed, which consists of a tip 2 and a rear part 3, which are directly connected, so without using other components between them. In addition, a one-piece sports pellet (fig. 26, 27) is provided, which in terms of external shape and weight is the same as a hunting pellet and can therefore be used for training purposes.

[0064] Partially bursting grain without casing for hunting practice has as the rear roller a preformed rear part of the grain 3, which according to the invention has a round or angular or at least partially conical hollow compression cylinder 4 with places 5 of intended breakage as a solid basic connecting element. The rear part 3 of the grain and the one-part or multi-part tip 2 are connected to each other via the compression cylinder 4 through a connection achieved by shape or force.

[0065] In order to overcome air resistance, the aim was basically to have an aerodynamic shape of the grain. When passing through the body of the animal, opposite to the mentioned grain body (rear roller) is needed, which has a stable shoulder and sharp edges. The aerodynamic shape primarily refers to the tip of the 2 grains. It is only needed until the body of the target is encountered. Especially when hunting ungulates or raptors, after penetrating the body of the animal, it is necessary that the tip of the 2 grains disintegrate already at a shot speed of 600 m/s, as foreseen, and that the shaped rear roller with a stable shoulder and sharp edges penetrates the body of the game in a stable direction and makes a gunshot wound. The rear part of the 3 grains serves as the rear roller. It is preformed. It is not velocity dependent and is not compression molded.

[0066] Requirements for partially bursting hunting grain:

- Aerodynamic grain shape with different shapes of tip 2 and rear part 3;

- Smaller tolerances during production by chip removal or deformation;

- Pre-formed rear roller 3 with compression cylinder 4 according to the invention for connecting to tip 2. Compression cylinder 4 can be made in one piece with the rear part of 3 grains (compare e.g. with fig. 12 to 14, 16 to 25), on top of 2 grains or completely separately (compare with fig. 11);

- Different formation of thickness and length of compression cylinder 4, compare with Fig. 11 to 14;

- One-piece (compare with fig. 3 to 5) or multi-piece tip of 2 grains, compare with fig. 6 to 8, 24, 25, whereby the multi-part tip 2 is possibly made of different materials;

- Different shaping of the tip of 2 grains in terms of length and number of internal places 7 for the intended break and shaping of the hollow spike, compare with fig. 3 to 8 (the internal places 7 of the intended break cannot be soiled, for example, with stuck particles, which avoids damage to the pipe);

- The back part of the 3 beads and the top of the 2 beads can be made of different materials, compare with fig.2; - Smaller contact surface and larger guiding surface defined e.g. guide strips 8 to reduce pressure resistance and friction in the pipe;

- Special design of leading strips 8, compare with fig. 15, adapted to the smaller space of the grain in the neck of the sleeve;

- Special formation of serrated surface 5 (for "crimping"), compare with fig. 15, which, if necessary (e.g. in the case of materials containing copper), can be performed on the grain;

- The seat or receiving part for the cavitation plate 13 in order to obtain the front side of the rear roller 3 with sharp edges and a stable shoulder in the usual possibly soft materials.

[0067] Requirements for a partially bursting exercise grain:

- One-piece grain made of the same material as the hunting grain so as not to negatively affect the characteristics of the shot in the barrel;

- Aerodynamic shape of the grain;

- Identical external shape and weight as hunting grain;

- Small tolerances during production by chip removal or deformation;

- Cheap production;

- Metal dust harmful to health and special waste contaminated with heavy metals are not generated on the appropriate target;

- After hitting the target, the remnants of the material of the exploding practice grain can be easily separated from the target material and used for recycling.

[0068] Figures 1 and 2 show the grain in appearance and partial section. Examples of the tip (one-piece or multi-piece) of a grain with different places 7 intended for breakage and a covered or open hollow tip are shown in figures 3 to 5 and fig. 6, fig. 7, fig. 8. Examples of the back of the grain with the compression cylinder 4 with or without bearing 9 for the cavitation plate are shown in figures 9 and 10 and examples with the compression cylinder 4 being fed into the tip 2 and the back 3 are shown in figure 11.

[0069] The compression cylinder 4 has a conical inner opening 10 and on the outer and inner sides in the axial and coaxial direction notches or fracture channels 6 that promote safe bursting. Additionally, there is an arcuate protrusion for jamming another component. The compression cylinder 4 can be firmly connected to the rear part 3 or the tip 2 of the grain or it can be produced as a separate connecting element, as shown in figure 11 (compare with fig. 12, fig. 13, fig. 14).

[0070] An example of the arrangement of guide strips with a toothed groove is also given. Figure 15 shows the bead edge design for a tight bead seat in the sleeve neck. At the same time, on a length of 8 mm, five guide strips 8 and one serrated groove 5 with a transition 11 of 90º were made, coaxially with respect to the edge of the grain and at the shown distances. Depending on the depth of insertion of the grain into the sleeve four or

five of the total six guide strips 8 lie on the inner side of the sleeve door. Pressing

("crimping") prevents undesired changes in the depth of placement of the grain in the sleeve as well as in the solid one

by abutting the entrance to the sleeve on the toothed groove.

[0071] An example of grain construction and partial bursting is shown in Figure 16 where A

fragments of the tip of 2 grains and B fragments of compression cylinder 4. An example of a multi-part construction of grains (with

and without cavitation plate 13) are shown in figures 17, 18 and 19. An example of a two-part grain structure

are shown in Figures 20 and 21. An example of a three-part grain structure (without a cavitation plate) is shown

Figures 22 and 23. An example of a practice bead with one-piece bead construction is shown in Figures 24 and

25. The training grain is the same in external shape and weight as the hunting grain. That's the difference

that the practice grain has no break channels in the tip of the grain.

Callsign list

[0072]

1 grain

2 top

3 rear part

4 compression cylinder

5 serrated groove

6 ring groove

7 groove

8 guide strips

9 cavitation plate bearing

10 conical inner hole

11 crossing

13 cavitation plate

20 envelope surfaces

21 ring notch

22 top of the cone

23 blunting of the cone

24 holes

25 short opening

26 point of the top

27 body of the top

28 hole

29 contact surface

32 cylindrical section

33 ending

34 last page

40 compression cylinder

41 vertical grooves

42 rim

43 tip holder

44 rear bracket

50 compression cylinder

51 cylindrical inner opening 52 expansion

53 ring notch

80 guide strip surfaces

81 guide rail slope

82 base of the leading tape

83 guide rail slopes

84 guide strip surface

85 basis of leading tape

and the longitudinal axis

b outer diameter

c, d, e inner diameter

And a fragment of the peak

B compression cylinder debris

Claims (12)

Patent claims 1. Multipart partially bursting grain - with one section intended for spraying, i.e. the tip (2); - with one, viewed in the direction of firing, placed behind it, a non-explosive section, i.e. the rear part (3); - with one connecting section (4), which connects the top (2) and the back part (3); - with one concentric compression cylinder (4) as a connecting section with a smaller outer diameter than the top (2) and the rear part (3), which can be pulled or pressed into the top (2) and/or the rear part (3), characterized in that it includes an annular circumferential groove (6) between the compression cylinder (4) and the top (2) or rear part (3) which is the place of the intended fracture. 2. A grain according to claim 1, characterized in that the compression cylinder (4) is made in one piece with the tip (2) and can be connected to the rear part (3). 3. A grain according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the compression cylinder (4) is hollow. 4. A grain according to claim 3, characterized in that the compression cylinder (4) has a groove (6) as a place intended for breakage. 5. A bead according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has an open or (at least) (partially) closed hollow spike (22) in the tip (2). 6. A grain according to claim 5, characterized in that the concentric hole (24) is made with different diameters (c, d, e) in order to form a hollow spike in the tip (2). 7. A grain according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that it has at least one place (7) intended for breakage in the tip (2). 8. A bead according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the tip (2) is composed of several components (22, 23), which are made of different materials. 9. A grain according to one of the above claims, characterized in that a cavitation plate (13) is separately placed between the tip (2) and the rear part (3). 10. A grain according to one of the preceding claims with guide strips (8), indicated by the fact that on the outer surface of the rear part (3) between the guide strips (8) there is an annular circumferential toothed groove (5). 11. A grain according to one of claims 2 to 10 with a rear part (3) and with a compression cylinder (4) formed on the front surface (29) of the rear part (3), characterized in that the front surface (29) has a concentric and annular notch (53) extending around the compression cylinder (4). 12. A bead according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tip (2) and the rear part (3) are made of different materials.