RS54106B1 - PROCEDURE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS FROM MONTALLITE WALLS AND INTERMEDIATE PANELS - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of constructing structures of prefabricated monolithic walls and interlocking panels, characterized in that the wall panel (46) is made of light formwork blocks (38), arranged in length and height to form a panel, which are in blocks ( 38) derived cavities (43, 43a) along the length of the block (38) between the prismatic walls (40,41,42), which, during the construction of the wall panel (46), reinforces (45) horizontally in the channel (44) and which after the wall panel (46) is built into each other cavity (43), the armature (47) is vertically mounted and filled with concrete, and after the concrete is cured, the wall panel (46) is mounted on the object by being pulled onto the reinforced anchors (49) through the free cavities (43a) and fills it with concrete to form a monolithic wall panel (46), then one end of the billet (31) is placed on the wall panel (46) and the other end of the billet (31) rests on the supports, which over the beams (31) ) place three-channel beams (30) which are formed by the expanded polystyrene blocks are cut on a CNC machine and rectangular shaped styrofoam elements (1) are formed and arranged one after the other with three longitudinal channels (2) and three transverse channels (3). , which in the longitudinal channels (2) are placed spacers (18) composed of reinforcement (27, 28) and in the transverse channels (3), reinforcement (29) is placed, which channels (2,3) are filled with concrete up to 1/4 height channels (2,3) so that after curing the concrete, semi-prefabricated three-channel billets (30) are formed, which are placed over the whole surface of the steel reinforcement mesh (32) through the billets (30), after which concrete is poured over the network (32) of the three-channel intermediate channels billets (30) and wall panels (46) forming a layer of concrete (37) and realizing a monolithic connection of the intermediate floor of semi-prefabricated three-channel beams (30) and wall panels (46). The application contains 6 more dependent claims.

Description

Technical field to which the invention relates

The subject of the invention generally belongs to the field of construction and can be classified according to the IPC with symbols (IPC) E04B S/18: E04B S/21: E04B 2/23: E04C 1/41: E04B 2/18.

Technical problem

The technical problem that is solved by the subject invention consists in the following: which construction process to construct the building using load-bearing wall panels and mezzanine panels that can be used simultaneously as monolithic, as prefabricated and as semi-assembled systems.

It is particularly interesting to realize the possibility of quick construction by assembly method, which would be converted into a monolithic system on the construction site itself with certain minor and quick operations with reinforcement and concreting. The load-bearing systems of walls and mezzanine structures must at the same time satisfy the load-bearing capacity for all conditions of exploitation, thermal insulation and sound insulation of the highest class, parodifusibility, fire protection, fast construction. Load-bearing wall panels and mezzanine structures must have reduced mass so that people can build the tallest buildings in the world with reinforced concrete. Construction technology must be completely mobile and fully applicable on the construction site in all phases.

State of the art

According to the state of the art, several types of prefab and semi-prefab mezzanine structures with ceramic and concrete filling and even with expanded polystyrene filling are known. There are also many wall construction solutions that meet only certain requirements.

Of all the solutions, we single out some that have a certain similarity but also a big difference that we highlight for each given example. There is a solution presented by the document FR 1602 029 where plate elements for mezzanine structures are made of baked clay. Building with these elements requires the application of formwork under the entire structure. The mezzanine structure in the application of this patent does not require formwork and is reinforced in a completely different way and constructed with ribs in two directions as a grill-cassette system.

Document WO 95/09953 presents prefabricated elements that must stand on the formwork because without the formwork they cannot exist in the concreting phase. Likewise, this solution does not have transverse ribs, which are structurally processed in this new patent application, which together with the longitudinal ribs and the plate above the ribs form a grill-cassette system.

Document EP 0987 377 A2 shows concrete elements with embedded lattice reinforcements. These elements are difficult to transport and assemble and do not have the transverse ribs and grill-cassette carrying system described in this new patent application.

Document US 6817 150 presents elements made of very hard and expensive polystyrene, into which tin "C" profiles are pressed. These elements are not reinforced in the way as in this patent application and do not have transverse ribs and grill-cassette carrying system.

Document and recognized patent RS50224 represents the solution of the same author as this application. Namely, during the implementation of the solution mentioned in this document, the author came up with an idea for improvement in the sense of making larger widths of supports with more channels and closing the end transverse channels laterally so that the concrete would not come out of the transverse channel during concreting of the first phase. Likewise, in this new application, the author offers a new type of spacer for reinforcement that will prove more practical for the assembly and transfer of semi-prefabricated slabs with freshly filled concrete. The lattice armature is attached to spacers, which enables transfer from one place to another, which was not possible in the recognized patent RS50224. Patent development implies that the patent author improves his own solution.

Exposition of the essence of the invention

Using CNC machines for cutting expanded polystyrene blocks, elements for mezzanine panels are formed, which represent trapped formwork that will not allow concrete to fill the entire space, but only a certain, designed one.

Thus, on a width of 1 m of a polystyrene plate element with a thickness that depends on the span of the plate, we cut a maximum of three longitudinal channels using a CNC machine with a glowing wire. At every S0 cm, we cut transverse channels on the same flat polystyrene element. Thus formed elements 1 m wide and 2 m long are stacked one behind the other, forming a longitudinal segment of the slab. After that, we place reinforcement spacers (rebar holders) in the formed channels, into which we insert steel lattice reinforcements and steel flat bars. All of this together is concreted to a thickness of several centimeters (up to V*depth of the channel in styrofoam), in order to obtain semi-prefabricated portable longitudinal segments of slabs - semi-prefabricated inter-floor three-channel beams that are raised and mounted on supports with a head beam along the walls of the building and on supports with a head beam between the walls. Another variant of the procedure of this patent solution is that in the factory or on the construction site, preformed polystyrene elements with spacers and reinforcement are placed on the runway. After that, concreting is carried out up to V* height of the longitudinal and transverse channels. In this way, we get prefab grill cassette reinforced concrete ribbed constructions that are raised on the building and mounted on supports with a header beam located next to the load-bearing walls. Using a vibro press with specially designed tools for making thicker-walled masonry blocks, according to this patent application, lightweight composite concrete blocks are made on runways or on pallets and racks. Masonry blocks are designed to have vertical cavities and horizontal channels so that horizontal steel reinforcement can be installed during masonry. After finishing the construction of the walls, vertical steel reinforcement can be placed in the vertical cavities inside the wall.

Masonry of the walls can be carried out on the building itself, on the runway next to the building or in the factory where the wall panels would be made. The wall panels as semi-montage elements are raised on the building where monolithic is performed with concrete that is poured into every other vertical cavity of the masonry blocks.

Brief description of the draft images

The invention is described in detail with exemplary embodiments shown in the figures:

Pictures I a - shows the molded styrofoam element I in axonometry.

Pictures lb - shows detail ..A" from picture I a in axonometry.

Figures 2a - shows the spacer in axenometry.

Pictures 2b - shows the spacer with mounted steel reinforcement in the form of grids in axonometry

Figure 3a - shows the molded styrofoam element I with the installed spacer and reinforcement in axonometry.

Figure 3b - shows detail ".B" from Figure 3a in axonometry.

Pictures 4a - show a semi-prefabricated mezzanine three-channel bed in axonometry

Figures 4b - shows detail ".C" from figure 4a in axonometry,

Pictures Sa - shows the prefab grill cassette reinforced concrete ribbed construction in axonometry

Pictures Sb - shows detail ..D" from picture 5a in axonometry.

Figures 5c - shows detail .,E" from figure 5a in axonometry.

Figures 6a - show the formwork-insulation block for masonry in axonometry.

Figures 6b - show the formwork-insulation block for masonry located in the wall with the installed horizontal reinforcement in axonometry

Figure 7 - shows the stage of making wall panels in axonometry

Pictures 8a - shows the installation of finished wall panels on the building in axonometry

Figures 8b - shows detail ".F" from figure 8a in axonometry.

Figure 9 - shows the semi-prefabricated mezzanine three-channel bed in the assembly phase in axonometry.

Pictures 10a - show the prefabricated grill cassette reinforced concrete ribbed construction in the assembly phase in axonometry,

Pictures and Ob - show detail ..G" from picture 10a in axonometry.

Figures 10c - show detail ".G" from figure 10a in axonometry.

Pictures 11a- show the connection of two prefab barbecue cassette reinforced concrete ribbed constructions in axonometry.

Figures 11 b - shows detail .,H" from figure 11 a in axonometry i.

Detailed description of the invention

Formwork-insulating blocks 38 for masonry made of lightweight concrete, according to Figure 6a. are constructed in such a way that they have two vertical prismatic mutually opposite walls 39 of lightweight concrete and three lower walls (40, 41, 42) of lightweight concrete that are parallel and perpendicularly placed between the walls 39. Wall 41, which is the outermost one, has a tooth, while wall 40 has a groove into which the tooth of the second panel-insulation block 38 enters. The central vertical wall 42 is twice as thick as wall 40 and wall 41, for reasons that the vertical cavities 43 located between the walls 41 and 42 and between the walls 40 and 42 always match vertically when building the walls. Walls 40, 41, 42 are 25% lower in height than walls 39 for the purpose of achieving a longitudinal connection using a horizontal channel 44 that can be reinforced with horizontally placed steel reinforcements 45 during the construction of the wall panel 46, according to Figure 6b and Figure 7.

After the wall panel 46 is built, according to Figure 7, a vertical steel reinforcement 47 is placed in every other vertical cavity 43 in the form of steel bars bent in the shape of the letter "U", and this steel reinforcement 47 also serves as an anchor for lifting the wall panels to the object according to Figure 8a.

After that, according to Figure 7, in the vertical cavities 43a in which the armature 47 is not placed, a flexible waterproof cloth hose 48 is placed, which is rubberized inside so that it cannot let even air through. The hose is sealed at the upper end on a metal rectangular plate with a screw-on valve to which the air hose is connected. At the lower end, the flexible waterproof cloth hose 48 has a steel plate weighing 0.5 kg to make it easier to enter the vertical cavity 43a of the formwork-insulation blocks 38. The flexible waterproof cloth hose 48 is filled with air and after that the cavities 43 are concreted and only those in which the vertical reinforcement 47 is placed in the form of bent steel bars that serve to lift the wall panel 46.

Immediately after the end of setting the concrete, air is sucked from the hose in the wall panels 46

48 and the hoses are pulled out of the masonry panel 46.

After raising the wall panels 46 and mounting them on the building in such a way that the wall panel 46 is pulled onto the steel reinforcing anchors 49 in the form of bent steel bars in the shape of the letter "U" that come out of the lower floor, according to Figure 8a. After that, new reinforcement 49 in the form of steel bars bent in the shape of the letter "U" is placed in the cavities 43a and concreting is carried out on the object of the unconcreted cavities 43a. In this way, monolithization with concrete is carried out as the highest quality joint in reinforced concrete. This is how we get, according to Figure 8b, a load-bearing structure 50 of concrete and reinforcement inside the formwork-insulation blocks 38 for building wall panels 46.

The invention of mezzanine panels consists in this. which is using a CNC machine with a red-hot wire to cut a block of expanded polystyrene so that we get a shaped prismatic styrofoam element I, according to figure la and figure lb, with three channels 2 on the longer part of the styrofoam element I and three channels 3 that are perpendicular to the channels 2. The channels 2 are conical and on their lower surface have a surface 5 that represents the bottom of the channel 2, next to which there are two opposite surfaces 4 that are placed at a sharp angle to the surface 5 channels 2. The central part of the channel 2 has two opposite vertical surfaces 6, on which two opposite surfaces 7 adjoin, which extend the channel 2 conically to the surface 8, which are

between channel 2 and channel 3 and surface 9 which are located between channel 3 and only on one side of the surface

9 is channel 2. Channels 3 intersect channels 2 and have a bottom with surface 10 that is at the same height as

What is the area S of channel 2.

The channels 3 are conical in their lower part along the surface 10 on which the opposite ones rest

surfaces 11 which are at an acute angle in relation to the surface 10 of the channel 3. The central part of the channel 3 has two

vertical opposite surfaces 12 to which two opposite surfaces 13 continue, which channel 3

extend to the upper surface 8 and surface 9, which are located between channel 2 and channel 3. Channels 3 on

at their ends, they have thin and 5 cm high vertical walls 14 and 15 that prevent the concrete from leaking into

the first stage of concrete pouring. The shaped styrofoam element is attached to its other two opposite ends

ends with channels 3 that are cut in half, so that after connecting the two styrofoam elements 1

gets the entire channel 3. Styrofoam element I on the bottom side has a completely flat surface 16 minimum

5 cm thick at the thinnest part in the places where channel 2 and channel 3 are located. Likewise, parallel to

channels 2 on the outer sides of the molded styrofoam element I have a surface 17 which

intersected by channels 3.

Inside the channel 2, next to the surface 5, between the inclined mutually opposite surfaces 4 are placed

are spacers 18. Spacer 18, according to Figure 2a and Figure 2b. which is formed from sheet steel

1.5 mm thick so that its surfaces 19 lie on the surface 5 of the channel 2. The surfaces 20 of the spacers 18 are

bent at an obtuse angle in relation to the surfaces 19. Thus we get two mutually opposite

surfaces 20 which are joined by a surface 21 which in its central part, and between opposite inclined

the surface 20 has a press-made depression 22 in order to increase the rigidity of the surface 21 of the spacer 18.

Along the surfaces 19 of the spacers 18, two opposite surfaces 23 are bent at a sharp angle

follow the slope of the surface 4 of the channel 2 within which the spacer 18 is placed. Along the opposite sides

surfaces 23 are surfaces 24 that are finished in such a way that they are cut so that one part of the surface

25 remains in the same plane, and the other part, the surface 26 bends at 90° in relation to the surface 24. Spacer 18

it serves to force steel grid reinforcement 27. according to Figure 2b, which performs

pressure on the opposite surfaces 26 of the spacers 18, which with their flat opposite surfaces 25 do not

allows the steel grid reinforcement 27 to pop out.

Likewise, the spacer 18 is used to place the additional reinforcement 28 in the form on the flat surface 21

flat steel bars.

Shaped styrofoam elements I. according to figure 4a and figure 4b. placed themselves one behind the other

so that channels 2 match to form a channel of greater length, as required, into which they are placed

spacers 18, inside which the mandatory steel grid reinforcement 27 and, if necessary, additional ones are placed

reinforcement 28 in the form of flat steel bars.

Previously, the secondary reinforcement 29 in the form of a flat steel bar is placed in the channels 3. After

therefore, channels 2 and 3 are filled with concrete up to the Avisine channel. After hardening of the concrete in

channels 3 and channels 2. we get completely mobile and portable semi-mounted mezzanine three-channel

30 beds with a width of 1 m and a length according to construction needs.

Semi-prefabricated mezzanine three-channel beds 30 are 1 m wide and have three channels 2 and vertical

channels 3 at an axial distance of up to 50 cm. Semi-prefabricated mezzanine three-channel beams 30 are erected on

the object and mount side by side on supports with header beams 31. according to Figure 9. After that

the mesh reinforcement 32 is placed according to Figure 9, according to the semi-prefabricated three-channel mezzanine

billets 30. The additional reinforcement of the cerclage is placed on the wall panels 46, after which it is done

concreting of the remaining part of channel 2 and channel 3 and concrete slab 37 with a thickness of up to 8 cm across

of semi-prefabricated mezzanine three-channel beams 30 and over wall panels 46. In this way, we get

mezzanine slab of semi-prefabricated mezzanine three-channel beams 30, which is made with concrete 37 and

steel reinforcing mesh 32 connected and monolithic with wall panels 46.

Another possibility of application of shaped polystyrene elements I. according to Figure 5a. is that they

stack lengthwise, one behind the other but also crosswise next to each other, at least two to a maximum of 4,

forming prefab barbecue cassette reinforced concrete rib constructions 33. Prefab barbecue

cassette reinforced concrete rib constructions 33 in channels 2 have a built-in mandatory steel

armature 27 and additional steel armature 28 on spacers 18, while the lower steel armature is placed in channels 3

rod 34 under the grid steel reinforcements 27 and the upper steel rod 35, which is placed on the steel

lattice reinforcements 27, perpendicular to them. The ends of the steel rod 34 and 35 are bent and overlapped

in the space outside the molded styrofoam elements I. Precast grill cassette reinforced concrete

ribbed constructions 33 are concreted up to % of the height of channel 2 and channel 3. After the concrete has hardened

we get fully mobile prefab barbecue cassette reinforced concrete rib constructions 33 which

we lean on the edges on supports with overhead beams 31 that are placed next to the previous one

installed wall panels 46. After assembly of grill cassette reinforced concrete ribbed

construction 33, an additional steel mesh reinforcement 32 is placed, according to Figure 10a. across the board.

The additional reinforcement of the cerclage is placed on the wall panels 46 and the additional reinforcement 36 in the connecting rib

between two prefabricated grill cassette reinforced concrete rib constructions 33. according to Figure 11 a.

After that, the remaining part of channel 2 and channel 3 and concrete slab 37 with a thickness of up to 8 cm are concreted.

via prefab grill cassette reinforced concrete ribbed constructions 33. That way we get

panel of prefab grill cassette reinforced concrete rib constructions 33 which is connected

concrete 37 and steel reinforcing mesh 32 with wall panels 46.

Keeping the same principle of the invention, construction details, technological preparations and forms of execution

can be changed within wider limits compared to those described and shown, without deviating from the range

of the disclosed invention.

Claims (1)

1. The procedure for building buildings from prefabricated monolithic walls and mezzanine slabs, indicated by that. which is a wall panel (46) made of light insulation blocks (38). which are arranged in length and height, which forms the panel, which are hollows (43,43a) made in the blocks (38) along the length of the block (38) between the prismatic walls (40,41,42), which during the construction of the wall panel (46) in the channel (44) is horizontally placed reinforcement (45) and after the construction of the wall panel (46) in every other cavity (43) is vertically placed reinforcement (47) and filled with concrete, and after the concrete has hardened, the wall panel (46) is placed on the object by being pulled onto the reinforced anchors (49) through the free cavities (43a) and filled with concrete, which forms a monolithic wall panel (46). then one end of the header beam (31) is placed on the wall panel (46) and the other end of the beam (31) rests on the supports, which means three-channel beams (30) are placed over the beams (30), which are formed by cutting expanded polystyrene blocks on a CNC machine and forming styrofoam elements (1) that are in the shape of a rectangle. and is arranged longitudinally, one behind the other, and on which three longitudinal channels (2) and three transverse channels (3) are made. which spacers (18) composed of reinforcement (27. 28) are placed in the longitudinal channels (2) and reinforcement (29) is placed in the transverse channels (3). that the channels (2,3) are filled with concrete up to the height of the channels (2,3) so that, after the concrete has hardened, semi-prefabricated inter-floor three-channel beams (30) are formed. which are placed over the beams (30) over the entire surface of the steel reinforcement mesh (32), after which concrete is poured over the mesh (32) of the inter-floor three-channel beams (30) and wall panels (46), which forms a layer of concrete (37) and a monolithic connection of the mezzanine slab is realized from semi-prefabricated three-channel beams (30) and wall panels (46).;2. The procedure for building buildings from prefabricated monolithic walls and mezzanine slabs, according to requirement I and variant I, indicated by it. that the elements (I) made of styrofoam are arranged longitudinally, one behind the other so that the elements (I) are supported by the contact of the shorter sides, and transversely, next to each other, so that the elements (1) are supported by the contact of the longer sides, and it is most advantageous to connect two to four elements (I), that spacers (18) composed of reinforcement (27. 28) are placed in the longitudinal channels (2) and in the transverse channels (3). which are perpendicular to the channels (2), place Steel Bars (34, 35). that the channels (2.3) are filled with concrete up to % of the height of the channel, so that after the concrete has hardened, prefabricated grill cassette reinforced concrete ribbed constructions (33) are formed and placed on the header beams (31).;3. The procedure for building buildings from prefabricated monolithic walls and mezzanine slabs, according to requirement I. characterized by the fact that they are Styrofoam element (1). in the shape of a rectangle. shaped so that in the direction of the longer edge they have three channels (2) which intersect in the direction of the shorter edge. at 90°, three channels (3) that the channels (3) form a surface (10) which is at the same height as the surface (5) formed by the channels (2), that the channel (2) in the part next to the surface (5) has two opposing surfaces (4) that are placed at a sub-acute angle in relation to the surface (5), that the two opposing surfaces (6) continue on the surface (4). which are mutually parallel and perpendicular to the surface (S). sewn onto the surfaces (6), two opposite surfaces (7) continue, which conically widen the channel (2) to the surfaces (8) formed between the channels (2) and the channels (3). and surfaces (9) formed between the channel (3) on two sides and the channel (2) on one longer side. Because the channels (3) are conical in the part adjacent to the surface (10) and form opposite surfaces (II) which are at an acute angle with respect to the surface (10) of the channels (3). which surfaces (II) continue into two opposite surfaces (12) which continue into two opposite surfaces (13) which the channel (3) conically widens to the surface (8) and the surface (9) derived between the channel (2) and the channel (3). which are the walls (14,15) perpendicular to the surface (10) of the channel (3) at the ends of the channel (3). and that there are surfaces (17) on the longer outer sides of the styrofoam element (1), and between the channels (3).;4. The procedure for building buildings from prefabricated monolithic walls and mezzanine slabs, according to requirement 1. indicated by that. which are in longitudinal channels (2). along the surface (5) and between the inclined opposite surfaces (4) are placed spacers (18), which are spacers (18) made by pressing from a steel sheet at least 1.5 mm thick, which on one side of the spacer (18) have flat surfaces (19) which continue on one side to the surfaces (20), made at an obtuse angle to the surfaces (19), which connect the surfaces (20) to the surface (21) which is parallel to surfaces (19) and that on the middle part of the surface (21), there is a recess (22), which on the other side of the surface (19) continues to the surfaces (23), made at a sharp angle in relation to the surface (19). that the surfaces (23) continue to the surfaces (24) which are parallel to the surfaces (19), that the surfaces (24) in one part continue, in the same plane, on the surfaces (25) and in the other part are bent at an angle of 90° to the surfaces (19). and form the surface (26).;5. The procedure for building buildings from prefabricated monolithic walls and mezzanine slabs, according to requirement I, characterized by the fact that the semi-prefabricated mezzanine three-channel beam (30) is made of styrofoam elements (I) placed one behind the other, that the channels (2) match, that spacers (18) with steel reinforcements (27,28) are placed in the channels (2). that steel reinforcements (29) were placed in the channels (3) of the beams (30) along the entire length of the channels (3) and that the channels (2.3) were filled with concrete up to the height of the channels (2,3), so that after the concrete had hardened, semi-prefabricated three-channel beams (30) were formed. 6. The procedure for building buildings from prefabricated monolithic walls and mezzanine slabs, according to requirement 2, characterized by the fact that steel bars (34) are placed in the transverse channels (3), under the steel reinforcements (27,28) and steel bars (35) that are placed on the steel reinforcement (27) in the prefabricated grill cassette reinforced concrete ribbed structure (33). that the ends of the steel rods (34, 35) are bent and overlap in the space outside the prefabricated grill cassette reinforced concrete rib structure (33). 7. The procedure for building buildings from prefabricated monolithic walls and mezzanine slabs, according to requirement I, characterized by the fact that the formwork-insulation blocks (38) are made of two vertical prismatic walls (39) between which, perpendicular to the walls (39), three prismatic walls (40, 42. 41) and mutually parallel, at a distance, so that they form two vertical cavities (43,43a). which is one vertical cavity (43) placed between the outer prismatic wall (40) on which the groove of the middle prismatic wall (42) is made, which is the second vertical cavity (43a) made between the middle prismatic wall (42) and the opposite outer prismatic wall (41) on which the tooth is made. that the prismatic walls (40,41,42) are 25% lower in height than the prismatic opposite walls (39). which is a channel (44) formed between the opposite prismatic walls (39).