RS20160265A1 - DRAINING THE APPLICATION FROM THE BATTERIES - Google Patents

Abstract

Suctioning of deposits from reservoirs is carried out by means of equipment, where the position of the deposit (17) in the reservoir is first determined, and then the surface of the deposit at the bottom (16) to be removed is determined. The working tube (22) is positioned in the application zone, below the level (15) at a certain horizontal depth, and is mounted with a series of buoys (23) of the working tube and cable (24) tied to the position of the working tube, then connected to the appropriate distributor with with automatic valve (21) and transport pipe (19). The working tube (22) has flexible lateral movements in the water, with its elements connected by flexible couplings (25). The suction tube (28) head (27) is connected to the service tube (22) and positioned at the suction position (17) in the reservoir. The mode of operation of the suction hose head (28) with the suction hose (27) is connected and positioned by the suction position position corrector (29) and the suction position vessel (30). At this stage, the system is fully ready, networked, controlled by the position of a skilled person in the engine room (9), using appropriate equipment. An example of electricity production, a device (18) for water under pressure with the help of electronics and a pump, pours water into a pipe (11) over the dam crown, opens a valve at the place of a regular turbine with pipes (8). The water in the pipe (11) across the dam crown is under free fall; it draws water from the connected vessels from the reservoir, that is, moves and sucks the deposit (17) in the reservoir with the water in the working conditions of the suction tube head (28). The flow of water in the pipes gets a constant velocity. The transport of the applied water is via the suction pipe (27), the working pipe (22), the transport pipe (19), the pipe (11) through the crown of the dam, to the regular turbines with pipes (8), where the deposited water flows into the river stream ( 5), below the dam or into a separation. An additional position, the possible east of the application water is through pipes (12) through the dam body and pipes (13) through the bank of the reservoir. can remove from the entire surface of the bottom (16) of the reservoir in a technically feasible, practical and rapid manner.

Description

Suctioning sediments from reservoirs

Today, there are a huge number of reservoirs built around the world. Activities on the construction of dams with reservoirs have stagnated in recent times, primarily due to the fact that a limited number of technically, economically and ecologically suitable localities remain. In built reservoirs, it is noticeable that they are filled with silt, which becomes a big problem for the functioning of dedicated facilities, additional attention is paid to the possibilities of how to protect, rehabilitate and revitalize existing reservoirs to the greatest extent possible. This innovative solution completely solves the emerging problem of filling reservoirs with silt, that is, it provides a preventive measure for the future construction of hydro facilities so that the resource of reservoirs is sustainable and practical for use in the long term.

The rehabilitation of sediment reservoirs can be of great importance primarily for the water and electricity industry, ecology, if the innovative solution presented here is used to extend the working life of existing reservoirs, as well as planning a system solution in planning and construction, future exploitation of reservoirs.

The aforementioned process of filling up reservoirs primarily depends on local climatic, hydrological, geomorphological sediments of the coast, and other factors. The construction of a dam with a reservoir disrupts the natural balance of water flow in the river, in such a way that the water velocity decreases and loses its transport capacity for sediment, decreasing more and more along the reservoir. Thus, the naturally dragged and larger part of the suspended sediment, as well as the fine particles of the transit sediment, remain largely trapped in the reservoir, forming a sedimentary layer at the bottom of the artificial lake. This conceptual solution solves all types of deposits.

The position and shape of alluvial deposits in a certain reservoir depends on the size and composition of the basin sediment, the shape and slope of the bottom of the reservoir, the amount and characteristics of sediment over time, the mode of operation of the reservoir, the appearance of sedimentation and the association of silt, the presence of vegetation, the characteristics of the outlets and their position on the dam itself, and other characteristics. This innovative solution can be applied in all the listed conditions of the installation and suction of alluvial deposits, in such a way that the water level in the reservoir is higher than the position of the engine room, thus the vessels connected by law, due to the difference in water level, we get the outflow of water from the accumulation which initiates and relates to the flow of alluvial water. accumulations, silting and worsening water quality. The problem of filling up the reservoir is also in water supply, where settling sludge is the cause of many negative pathogenic factors, the development of algae, microorganisms, and other factors that have a bad effect on the quality of water for human use. This innovative solution enables the necessary regular flushing and maintenance of water quality in reservoirs.

Accumulations in the world have primarily an energy purpose. In the course of their exploitation, problems were noticed that arise due to the filling of the reservoir with river sediment, which can threaten or hinder the normal functioning of the hydroelectric power plant, by losing part of its useful volume of water over time. In the case of reservoirs with hydropower purposes, the reduction of the useful volume of water is a big problem. Hydropower plants are used to cover excess electricity consumption precisely because of flexible operation. A reservoir is essentially a potential energy store, so it is used more efficiently if it has designed water storage. By backfilling with silt, the volume of water in the reservoir is reduced, which results in a decrease in energy production in the hydroelectric power plant, the possibilities for hydroelectric power generation during critical periods of electricity consumption are reduced, directly conditioned by the weather when the consumption is high and the inflow into the reservoir is insufficient. We can additionally mention, as a result of the above, that the turbines are damaged due to the abrasive effect of drifting particles.

I will try with this innovative solution to establish a concept of revitalization, sustainable development and management of water resources of reservoirs, which will include projects that are socially and environmentally acceptable, economically justified and technically feasible. The innovation applied here on the reservoirs will have the concept of the maximum possible extension of the duration of the reservoirs in the previously projected needs. At the same time, the innovation will follow the generally recognized principle that prevention is much better than the later removal of deposits that have already settled.

Measures to control the filling of reservoirs can be classified into two categories, as a technical installation for the prevention and prevention of the deposition of a large part of sediment in the reservoir, and

technical solution for the complete removal of sediment deposits that have already settled. A technical solution for maintaining sediment in suspension during its passage through part of the reservoir, in such a way that it is collected from the bottom of the reservoir bed in a controlled manner by cascaded perforated pipes and equipment, preventing it from forming a consolidated sediment.

Today's extensive analyzes carried out around the world have confirmed that the problem of filling reservoirs is extremely complex, that the dynamics of filling differ according to the type of reservoirs. That today's technological solutions do not provide the necessary quality and economy of overall problem solving, that solutions are sought in the initial phase of future planning of hydro projects. Today's technology is complex, inapplicable in its entirety and economically unjustified, thus it is not implemented in practice.

I cite the example of hydroelectric power plants in Serbia. The reservoir, Hidroelektrane Đerdap I on the Danube, deposited an average of over 10 (m) of silt evenly distributed on the bottom of the reservoir in its 40 years of operation, it consolidated and has an adverse effect on coastal protection, negatively affects navigation and the river's ecosystem. The severity of the problem is reflected in the fact that at the downstream hydroelectric power plant on the Danube, Đerdap II, we have a situation where only small amounts of sediment, mostly fine particles, pass through. The conclusion is that a large part of the sediment from the Danube basin stops and settles along the reservoir lake of the Đerdap I hydroelectric plant. The direct effect of the above example is that the process of filling the reservoir continues until the moment when it will significantly affect the possibility of installed electricity production, as well as the waterway. Today's sedimentation problem, observed from the above example, is completely solved by the application of this innovative solution, and not only that, the hydroelectric power plant gets new opportunities, the construction of MW for generating excess water from flood waves, which until now were unused due to their departure over the overflow, i.e. higher daily electricity production, which is more financially profitable, and which will financially cover the work on cleaning reservoirs with this conceptual solution, which is a direct incentive to apply it in practice in the built hydroelectric power plant. That is, with the help of this innovative solution, most hydropower plants can be viewed as additional "reversible hydropower plants" that already have built-in storage capacities, a built-up electricity network for supplying consumers, that is, technically they can additionally have the possibility of depositing surplus electricity from other producers, thermal power plants and nuclear power plants. The desired form of the invention will be described in the attached drawings, which can explain the functional principles of the invention, but will not be limited to this technical model, it is one of the possible solutions of the invention itself. The drawings illustrate:

Illustration 1. View from above, diagram of installation of technical parts in the accumulation zone with a dam in accordance with the established invention.

Illustration 2. Longitudinal section, scheme of installation of technical parts in the accumulation zone with a dam in accordance with the established invention.

In Figure 1. View from above, a possible diagram of the installation of technical parts in the reservoir zone with a dam in accordance with the proposed invention is shown, in a way where the bank of the reservoir (14) is defined with the line of the reservoir level (15) and the lines of the assumed sediment in the reservoir (17). The reservoir is defined downstream with the contours of the dam, i.e. with the body of the dam (2) and the associated crown of the dam (3). In the lower part, below the dam, there is a river course (5) with associated river banks (7) and river level (6).

On the bank of the river (7) there is a machine room (9) with associated line generators (10), the necessary automation and regular turbines with pipes (8), which are located in the river course (5). The engine room (9) receives water from the reservoir from three possible directions, namely, a pipe through the body of the dam (12), a pipe through the bank of the reservoir (13) and, in the example shown, from the pipe over the crown of the dam (11).

The flow of water through the pipe through the crown of the dam (11) is enabled with a water underpressure device (18), in such a way, when the pipe is filled with air, it is filled with water via the pump, previously it was closed at the place of the machine room (9) and at the place of connection with the transport pipe (19). When the pipe over the crown of the dam (11) is filled with water, the valve is opened at the place of the row turbines with pipes (8), the water under the difference between the level of the reservoir (15) and the position of the pipe opening in the engine room (9), the legally connected vessels, gets an acceleration of several tens (m/s), which is enough for the water from the storage lake to pull with it part of the sediment from the reservoir (17) through the transport pipe (19).

The transport pipe (19) is placed along one bank of the reservoir (14), attached to the transport pipe (19) with anchors, along it there are distributors with automatic valves (21) every several hundreds of meters, i.e. according to the needs of the project and the size of the reservoir itself. All pipes, as well as the transport pipe (19), are made of metal in order to withstand the forces acting on them, pressure, implosion, twisting...

Distributors with automatic valves (21) are fixed to the bank of the reservoir (14) and are the connection of the previous transport pipe (19) with the next transport pipe (19) and the working pipe (22), i.e. they have a valve at the point of connection with the working pipe (22) which can additionally be used for the controlled intake of fresh water from the reservoir for the needs of cleaning the system and the need for additional electricity production.

The working pipe (22) has flexible extensions with flexible couplings (25) that allow free movement of the pipe in the reservoir. The working pipe (22) is positioned in its horizontal position by the water level in the reservoir (15) with the help of the working pipe float (23) connected to the cables for the working pipe position (24). The working pipe (22) is mobile, portable, it is connected to the distributor with the automatic valve (21) at one end, while at the other end it is in permanent connection with the suction pipe (27) and the vessel for the suction position (30).

The vessel for the intake position (30) is supplied with the necessary technical equipment, automation, video and sensor monitoring, it has equipment for adjusting the intake pipe (27) with hydro wings (26), that is, the corrector of the intake position (29) is hung on it. The vessel can be powered by four propellers, which are powered by electricity via the power unit and a cable located along the pipe, for precise movement.

In Figure 2. Longitudinal section, which shows the scheme of installation of technical parts in the reservoir zone with a dam in accordance with the proposed invention, in a way where the bottom of the reservoir (16) is defined with the position of sediment in the reservoir (17) that needs to be removed. The position of the bottom of the river bed (4), which with the shape of the foundation of the dam (1) is designed so that it has a shallow and concentrated river flow (5), which will have fast water currents from the operation of the hydroelectric power plant, so that the sediment ejected from the working turbine with pipes (8) will be accelerated in the part of the mother of the river, to spread as much as possible along the river flow (5). This principle of periodic release of sediment will be conditioned by the ecology of the river, the fish stock, the amount of sediment, the time of this consolidation in the lower reaches of the river, the time when the water is high. sediment starts from the bottom of the reservoir (16), suctions and transports it through pipes with water until it is discharged downstream of the dam, into the river course (5). The head of the suction pipe (28) is an integral part of the suction pipe (27) on which there are also hydro wings (26), with all their actions and position being manipulated with the corrector of the suction position (29), which is located on the vessel for the position of the suction (30). The head of the suction pipe (28) contains, if necessary, suction coils and other equipment for digging sediment, i.e. it has guards and is provided with a net to protect the suction of fish...

The suction pipe (27) is placed almost vertically in relation to the sediment level in the reservoir (17), on it are placed hydro wings (26) with a drive group and 360-degree rotary propellers, which, if necessary, additionally move the head of the suction pipe (28) precisely in axial rotation to the place of operation and precise movement in the accumulation sediment (17). The suction pipe (27) with its associated parts can be very easily pushed into the sediment and several meters, causing a series of vertical and lateral oscillations with the head of the suction pipe (28), in order to move the sediment with the flow of water, deeply remove it from the affected position in a short period of time.

Hydro wings (26) are the corrector of vertical movements and oscillations of the suction pipe (27), in order to fix the working position of the suction pipe head (28) due to the action of surface waves for the purpose of precise suction of deposits in the reservoir (17). On the hydro wings (26) there is additional equipment for positioning and monitoring of sediment suction in the reservoir (17), equipment with ultrasonic waves, sonars, video surveillance...

The corrector of the intake position (29) is a cable connected to the intake position vessel (30) at the upper end and to the hydro wing (26) at the lower end, which, with its changed vertical position, changes the position of the intake pipe head position (28) with the help of the adjustment equipment located on the intake position vessel (30).

The work pipe floats (23) are of suitable dimensions to enable the horizontal position of the work pipe (22) with the work pipe position cables (24), in such a way that the work pipe floats

(23) are far enough away from the working pipe (22) so that the buoyancy of the reservoir is undisturbed. The working pipe floats (23) are secured laterally with rubber so that they do not damage the vessels, that is, so that the vessels do not damage them.

The system works as follows. Using various known equipment, sediment in the reservoir (17) is determined, the sediment surface at the bottom of the reservoir (16), which is vacuumed, is determined. The working pipe (22) is positioned below the accumulation level (15) at a certain depth, positioned with a series of working pipe floats (23) and cables for the working pipe position (24), it is connected to a suitable distributor with an automatic valve (21). The working pipe (22) has flexible lateral movements with its series of elements connected by flexible couplings (25). The head of the suction pipe (28) is connected to the suction pipe (27) on the working pipe (22), it is placed at the place of suction of deposits in the reservoir (17), everything is positioned using the corrector of the position of the suction (29) and the vessel for the position of the suction (30). Now the system is fully networked and controlled with the position of an expert in the machine room (9) using the appropriate equipment. The demand for electricity production is set, the water underpressure device (18) with the help of electronics and a pump pours water into the pipe through the crown of the dam (3), then the valve is opened at the place of the in-line turbine with pipes (8). The water in the pipe over the crown of the dam (11) is in free fall and draws the water of the legally connected vessels from the reservoir, that is, it moves and sucks the sediment in the reservoir (17) with water in the scale of the suction pipe head (28).

An expert located in the engine room (9) supervises the work process, if necessary, opens additional electricity production by opening the valves on the distributors with automatic valves (21), thereby capturing fresh water along the reservoir, which at the same time cleans the pipelines. The water has a steady linear flow passing through the pipes over the crown of the dam (11), it draws water through the transport pipe (19) and the working pipe (22) from the suction pipe (27), that is, it enables the operation of the suction pipe head (28). The head of the suction pipe (28) can have additional technical solutions with hydro spirals, which would drive the consolidated deposit.

With the given example, the accumulation of the Hydroelectric Power Plant Đerdap I on the Danube, with the application of this conceptual solution, can completely solve the problem of the resulting consolidated sediment. For example, if a working pipe with an internal diameter of 1.14 (m) is installed, with the existing oscillation of the reservoir level in relation to the river level, we can obtain a height difference that would

driven the speed of water flow in the pipes approximately 30 (m/s). With the flow area of the working pipe and the speed of the water flow in it, we get an average flow of approx. 30 (m<3>/s). By periodically working to remove sediment from the bottom of the reservoir for a duration of 1 (day) = 24 (h) = 86,400 (s), we can transfer approximately 2,600,000 (m<3>/day) of water in accordance with the conceptual solution, with an innovative coordination system, with a water saturation coefficient of 20% sediment, we discharge approximately 500,000<(>m<3>/day) sediment launched from the bottom of the reservoir and transferred under the dam, downstream along the river course. With this procedure and the intensity of work, within 7 ( days ) we can cheaply and efficiently throw out all the sediment in the Danube River, which comes into the reservoir of Hidroelektana Đerdap I during one year, i.e. all the existing consolidated sediment of the reservoir during its forty-year deposition, can be solved within one year by applying this innovative technology. Let me mention that the presented operation of the plant uses 30 (m<3>/s) of flowing water, which is less than 1% of the average daily flow of the Danube River in that section. When the sediment deposits in the reservoir are cleaned, the flow water consumption to remove the annual sediment is measured in parts per million of the annual flow of the river. Such used water does not create a loss of water's potential energy, but a gain.

With the above example, a 14 MW generator would be installed in the engine room, i.e. a series of them as needed with regular turbines and pipes inserted into the river flow, if there is an economic justification for it. For the needs of the "reversible hydroelectric power plant", we can install, for example, twenty positions with 14 MW - 280 MW each. Mostly with today's saturated reservoirs, we have a paid investment in the construction of hydropower plants, they are completely revitalized with this technology with an almost unlimited duration, that is, they are given additional technical possibilities for storing surplus electricity produced from thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, and wind power plants. In combination with the growth of renewable energy sources from the region of the river basin, it is possible to additionally precisely monitor the time of precipitation, the flow of water to a certain hydroelectric power plant, planned production at the hydroelectric power plant itself and consumption, where water from the river flow powered by surplus electricity from other producers is transferred and stored in the low water level area of the reservoir. Then, the difference of the high waters of the reservoir is replenished to the maximum from the natural inflow of water from the river, thus mutually benefiting from the storage of energy, as well as the process of natural inflow of water into the higher layers of the accumulation, where the potential energy of the water directly increases.

As an additional example, the Austrian hydropower plants on the upper reaches of the Danube River have a problem by stopping the gravel sediment in front of the dam, which is necessary for the downstream stability of the river bed. With today's method, the problem is solved in such a way that annually 1,000,000 (m<3>) of material is dredged out by ship, transported downstream outside the dam and scattered on the bottom of the Danube River bed. With the implementation of this conceptual solution, we can transfer the material over the dam faster, cheaper, more efficiently and continuously.

It is recommended occasionally in the period of high water to discharge water with drift in the maximum future installed capacity. Sediment should be released in a controlled manner in time and quantity so that it does not have a negative impact on the environment or possible death of fish downstream of the dam, because the sediment contains sewage and other biological waste caused by human activity, which is aggressive to the environment.

The mass of sediment in the volume of water flow gives a greater effect to the production of electricity, proportionally by increasing the volumetric mass of water, so that the sediment is effective in the production of electricity, but due to its abrasive effect on the turbine, it should be made of suitable resistant material.

A sediment separation system can be additionally installed on the river bank, next to the engine room. Separation of material needed for construction, its separation and cleaning using flowing water and sieves, i.e. flowing basins, where the heavier material falls to the bottom, and the flow of water carries away the sludge. This way we get useful material for free, where it does not burden the downstream river flow and other downstream hydropower plants.

Most of the existing hydroelectric power plants in the world have economically justified and paid off the investment, for their further operation they will be conditioned by overhauls of equipment, turbines, generators and electricity transport. Here remains the key unsolved problem of siltation of reservoirs, a problem also from the ecological aspect of the preservation of the human environment, which can be completely solved by the applied and very affordable technology. The innovation succeeded in its idea, to provide the possibility of revitalizing existing hydroelectric power plants for their future century-long use.

Position on the drawings (1) foundation of the dam

(2) dam body

(3) dam crest

(4) the bottom of a riverbed

(5) river flow

(6) river level

(7) river bank

(8) in-line turbines with tubes

(9) engine room

(10) generators

(11) pipe over the dam crest

(12) pipe through the dam body

(13) pipe through the bank of the reservoir

(14) reservoir bank

(15) accumulation level

(16) bottom of reservoir

(17) sediment in the reservoir

(18) water underpressure device

(19) transport pipe

(20) transport pipe anchorages

(21) manifolds with automatic valve

(22) working pipe

(23) working pipe floats

(24) work tube position cables

(25) flexible coupling

(26) hydrofoils

(27) suction pipe

(28) intake manifold head

29 intake manifold wiring corrector

Claims (14)

Patent claims 1. Installation of technical parts in the reservoir zone with a dam in accordance with the established invention, for the purpose of suctioning consolidated sediment from reservoirs (17), which should contain the following innovative elements: a) a machine room (9) equipped with automatics and regular turbines with pipes (8) at the site of the river bank (7), below the location of the dam, which is connected by a series of pipes to the head of the suction pipe (27), where such a connection is followed by the difference in the water level of the reservoir (15) in relation to the river level (6), while the application of the law of connected vessels leads to a steady flow of water in the pipes, i.e. to the continuity of the flow of water mixed with sediment, b) the vessel for the suction position (30), which with the equipment moves and controls the operation of the suction pipe head (28) at the deposit point in the accumulation (17), is additionally connected to the working pipe (22) via the suction pipe (28), c) where a pipe over the crown of the dam (11) or a pipe through the body of the dam (12) or a pipe through the bank of the reservoir (13) is placed in the appropriate place, which discharges water with sediment from the reservoir through the engine room (9) into the river course (5), connected by the law of vessels. 2. Where the suction pipe head (28) is the basic technical part for sediment suction, placed on the sediment suction workplace in the reservoir (17) with the help of the suction pipe (27) and the hydro wing (26), controlled by the movements of the vessel for the suction position (30). 3. In accordance with the previous patent claim, where the suction pipe (27) is placed almost vertically in relation to the sediment level in the reservoir (17), where with the hydro wings (26) it has a stable and predictable movement using the vessel for the suction position (30), additional manipulative movement, where the water flow sucks the sediment in the reservoir (17) and transports it into the working pipe (22). 4. In accordance with the previous patent claims, where the hydro wings (26) are correctors of vertical movements and oscillations of the suction pipe (27), due to the operation and effect of surface waves, they fix the position of the suction pipe head (28), they have additional equipment for positioning and monitoring the suction operation of deposits in the reservoir (17) with the help of sonar and video surveillance. 5. In accordance with the previous patent claims, where the vessel for the suction position (30) is located in the accumulation level (15), which with the necessary equipment and the corrector of the suction position (29) precisely enables the lateral movement of the working pipe (22), i.e. the vertical movement of the suction pipe (27) with the position of the suction pipe head (28). 6. In accordance with the previous patent claims, where the working pipe (22) has flexible extensions with cables for the position of the working pipe (24), on one side it is connected to the distributor and the automatic valve (21), while on the other side it is connected to the suction pipe (27), it is indirectly in constant connection with the vessel for the suction position (30). 7. In accordance with the previous patent claims, where the distributor with the automatic valve (21) is fixed to the bank of the reservoir (14), it connects the previous transport pipe (19) with the next transport pipe (19) and the working pipe (22), it can additionally serve for the controlled capture of clean water from the reservoir. 8. In accordance with the previous patent claim, where the transport pipe (19) is attached with the anchors of the transport pipe (20) to the bank of the reservoir (14), along it are placed distributors with automatic valves (21) at a distance according to the needs of the project and the size of the reservoir itself. 9. Where the inflow of water through the pipe through the crown of the dam (11) is enabled with a water underpressure device (18), in such a way, when the pipe is filled with air, it is filled with water through the operation of the pump, previously it was closed at the place of the machine room (9) and at the place of the transport pipe (19), the released water under the difference of the accumulation level (15) and the position of the pipe opening in the machine room (9), according to the law of connected vessels, it gets acceleration, which is enough to pass through the transport pipe (19) water from the storage lake sucks the sediment from the storage (17) in proportion to the operation of the head of the suction pipe (28). 10. In accordance with the previous patent claims, where on the bank of the river (7) there is a machine room (9) with associated line generators (10), the necessary automatics and regular turbines with pipes (8) which are located in the river course (5), as well as the position of supervision and management of all technical parts with the help of an expert. 11. In accordance with the previous patent claims, where with the help of this innovative solution, classic hydroelectric power plants can be used as additional "reversible hydroelectric power plants", that is, their capacity can be supplemented for the needs of daily and periodic energy production. 12. In accordance with the previous patent claims, it is possible to remove sediment in suspension during its passage through part of the reservoir, in such a way that it is collected from the bottom of the reservoir bed by cascaded perforated pipes and equipment, preventing it from forming a consolidated sediment. 13. Where any future design and installation of technical parts use any part of the previously mentioned patent claims, that is, use the concept of this innovative solution. 14. In accordance with the previous patent claims, where there is a possibility of installation of separation, extraction and cleaning of coarse deposits using flowing water and sieves, i.e. flowing basins, where the heavier material falls to the bottom, and the flow of water carries away the sludge.