RS20050817A

RS20050817A - Water wheel motor

Info

Publication number: RS20050817A
Application number: YUP-2005/0817A
Authority: RS
Inventors: Vladislav Križik; Jan Macek; Peter Botek
Original assignee: Vladislav Križik; Jan Macek; Peter Botek
Priority date: 2003-04-30
Filing date: 2004-04-30
Publication date: 2008-11-28
Also published as: BRPI0409800A; WO2004097211A9; WO2004097211A8; CA2526925A1; EA008918B1; NO20055628L; JP2006525469A; NO20055628D0; OA13305A; EA200501709A1; KR20060008935A; WO2004097211A1; AU2004235278A1; MXPA05011551A; EP1629192A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a water wheel motor consisting of a discharge device arranged prior to a wheel and an out-flowing device arranged under the wheel which is rotationally mounted on an axis and to which constant pressure scoop (4) are fixed. All points of the wheel (5) and of the constant pressure shoves (4) are situated at a distance greater or zero with respect to plane (21) which is identical or lower and at the same time parallel to a plane (19) placing an upper limit of the water-containing space (6) of the out-flowing device. The axis (2) of the discharge device (1) leads to the constant pressure shoves (4), and the wheel (5) has the vertical, horizontal or inclined axis of rotation thereof.

Description

MOTOR NA TOČAK SA LOPATICAMA POKRETAN VODOMWATER DRIVEN PAD WHEEL MOTOR

Područje tehnikeTechnical field

Tehničko rešenje se odnosi na opremu za pramenu hidroenergetskog potencijala vodenog toka u mehaničku energiju uz mogućnost daljeg pretvaranja energije u neki drugi oblik. The technical solution refers to the equipment for converting the hydropower potential of the water flow into mechanical energy with the possibility of further converting the energy into another form.

Stanje tehnikeState of the art

Danas se širom sveta koriste mnoge vrste postrojenja za pretvaranje hidroenergetskog potencijala vodenog toka u mehaničku energiju uz mogućnost daljeg pretvaranja energije u neki drugi oblik. Prema konstrukciji i načinu pretvaranja energije oni se dele na točkove sa lopaticama pokretani vodom i vodene turbine. Today, many types of plants are used all over the world to convert the hydropower potential of the water flow into mechanical energy with the possibility of further converting the energy into another form. According to the construction and the method of energy conversion, they are divided into water-driven paddle wheels and water turbines.

Postoje točkovi sa lopaticama pokretani vodom koji se pokreću sa gorjim (voda udara odozgo), srednjim i donjim pogonom (voda pada odozdo). Točkovi sa lopaticama pokretani vodom sa gornjim pogonom koriste potencijalnu energiju vode; to su točkovi sa lopaticama, koji rotiraju izmedju gornjeg i donjeg nivoa vode. Voda sa gornjeg nivoa pada na lopatice i okreće točak usled gravitacije vode, voda se izliva na niži nivo. Radni uslovi za točkove sa lopaticama pokretane vodom na koje voda pada odozgo su sledeći: Visina pada od 3 do 12 m, protok od 0,3 do 1,0 m<3>.s<1>. There are water powered paddle wheels that are top (water hits from above), middle and bottom drive (water falls from below). Top-drive water-driven paddle wheels use the potential energy of water; these are wheels with paddles, which rotate between the upper and lower water levels. Water from the upper level falls on the blades and turns the wheel due to the gravity of the water, the water pours to the lower level. The operating conditions for water-driven paddle wheels with water falling from above are as follows: Drop height from 3 to 12 m, flow from 0.3 to 1.0 m<3>.s<1>.

Točkovi sa lopaticama pokretani vodom sa srednjim pogonom i točkovi sa lopaticama pokretani vodom sa donjim pogonom su točkovi sa lopaticama čija se osa okretanja nalazi iznad donjeg nivoa vode, a lopatice primaju energiju od vode poraskom kroz vodeni tok koji je izazvan dotokom vode iz gornjeg nivoa. Točkovi sa lopaticama pokretani vodom sa srednjim pogonom koriste delom potencijalnu a delom kinetičku energiju vode, koja teče otprilike u nivou ose obrtanja točka izmedju lopatica točka. Predstavnici su Sagebien točak, Zuppinger točak i Piccard točak. Točkovi sa lopaticama pokretani vodom sa donjim pogonom koriste samo kinetičku energiju vode koja tangencijalno teče u donjem delu točka izmedju lopatica točka. Predstavnik ovog tipa je Ponceletov točak. Intermediate-drive water-driven paddle wheels and bottom-driven water-driven paddle wheels are paddle wheels whose axis of rotation is above the lower water level, and the blades receive energy from the water by rising through the water flow caused by the inflow of water from the upper level. Mid-drive water-driven paddle wheels use part potential and part kinetic energy of the water, which flows approximately at the level of the axis of rotation of the wheel between the wheel blades. Representatives are the Sagebien wheel, the Zuppinger wheel and the Piccard wheel. Bottom-drive water-driven paddle wheels use only the kinetic energy of the water flowing tangentially in the lower part of the wheel between the wheel blades. A representative of this type is the Poncelet wheel.

Lopatice točka sa lopaticama pokretanog vodom su ravne, ili su umereno nakrivljene u ravni koja je uspravna na osu obrtanja točka sa lopaticama pokretanog vodom. Radni uslovi za točak sa lopaticama pokretanog vodom sa srednjim ili donjim pogonom su sledeći: visina pada od 0,5 do 4,0 m, protok od 0,5 do 4,0 m<3>.s<1>. Stepen korisnog dejstva svih točkova sa lopaticama pokretanih vodom je u opsegu od 60 do 70%. Prednosti točka sa lopaticama pokretanog vodom su u njihovoj jednostavnosti i niskoj ceni. Nedostaci su nizak stepen korisnog dejstva i malo radno područje. Nizak stepen korisnog dejstva je prouzrokovan oblikom lopatica i otporom prilikom uranjanja u vodu. Malo radno područje prouzrokovano je odnosom izmedju dimenzija točka sa lopaticama pokretanog vodom I razlike u nivou vode. The vanes of a water-powered paddle wheel are straight, or are moderately curved in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the water-powered paddle wheel. The operating conditions for a water-driven paddle wheel with a middle or bottom drive are as follows: drop height from 0.5 to 4.0 m, flow from 0.5 to 4.0 m<3>.s<1>. The efficiency of all water driven paddle wheels is in the range of 60 to 70%. The advantages of the water-driven paddle wheel are their simplicity and low cost. Disadvantages are a low degree of useful effect and a small working area. The low degree of useful effect is caused by the shape of the blades and the resistance when immersed in water. The small working area is caused by the relationship between the dimensions of the water-driven paddle wheel and the difference in water level.

Vodene turbine se prema načinu korišćenja hidroenergije dele na izobarni tip i tip nadpritiska, a prema smeru kojim voda teče kroz turbinu na radijalne, aksijalne, radijalno-aksijalne, dijagonalne, tangencijalne turbine, turbine poprečnog i dvostrukog toka. Izobarne turbine, Pelton turbina i Banki turbina koriste kinetičku energiju vode. Water turbines are divided according to the method of using hydropower into isobaric type and overpressure type, and according to the direction in which the water flows through the turbine into radial, axial, radial-axial, diagonal, tangential, transverse and double flow turbines. Isobaric turbines, Pelton turbines and Banky turbines use the kinetic energy of water.

Pelton turbina je tangencijalna turbina. Voda se dovodi preko cevi pod pritiskom sa mlaznicom na kraju gde se enegrija pritiska vode pretvara u kinetičku energiju, a voda tangencijalno struji na lopatice turbine koje su prostorno oblikovane i koje se nalaze na obimu rotora. Rotor turbine se okreće u vazduhu iznad površine donjeg nivoa vode. Osa obrtanja može da bude kako horizontalna, tako i vertikalna. Radni uslovi su: visina pada od 30 do 900 m, protok od 0,02 do 1,0 m3 s1. Stepen korisnosti se kreće do 91 %. Pelton turbine is a tangential turbine. Water is fed through a pressure pipe with a nozzle at the end where the energy of the water pressure is converted into kinetic energy, and the water flows tangentially onto the spatially shaped turbine blades located on the circumference of the rotor. The turbine rotor rotates in the air above the surface of the lower water level. The axis of rotation can be both horizontal and vertical. Operating conditions are: drop height from 30 to 900 m, flow from 0.02 to 1.0 m3 s1. The degree of usefulness ranges up to 91 %.

Banki turbina sa dvostrukim radijalnim protokom kroz točak sa lopaticama ima horizontalnu osu obrtanja. Lopatice koriste kinetičku energiju vode, koja ističe iz regulacionog ventila neposredno iznad turbinskog točka. Radni uslovi su: visina pada od 1,5 do 50 m, protok od 0,02 do 1,5 m<3>s~<1>. Stepen korisnosti se kreće do 85 %. A bank turbine with double radial flow through a vane wheel has a horizontal axis of rotation. The blades use the kinetic energy of the water, which flows out of the control valve directly above the turbine wheel. Operating conditions are: drop height from 1.5 to 50 m, flow from 0.02 to 1.5 m<3>s~<1>. The degree of usefulness ranges up to 85%.

Predstavnici turbina sa nadpritiskom su Kaplan turbina, Francis turbina i njihove različite modifikacije, npr. takozvana propeler turbina ili usisna turbina. Representatives of overpressure turbines are Kaplan turbines, Francis turbines and their various modifications, e.g. the so-called propeller turbine or suction turbine.

Kaplan turbina je aksijalnog tipa. Radni uslovi su: visina pada od 1,5 do 75 m, protok od 0,2 do 20 m<3>s~<1>. Stepen korisnosti je u opsegu od 88 do 95%. The Kaplan turbine is of the axial type. Operating conditions are: drop height from 1.5 to 75 m, flow from 0.2 to 20 m<3>s~<1>. The degree of usefulness is in the range of 88 to 95%.

Francis turbina je radijalno-aksijalna turbina. Radni uslovi su: visina pada od 10 do 400 m, protok od 0,05 do 15 m3 s1. Stepen korisnosti se kreće do u opsegu od 88 do 95 %. The Francis turbine is a radial-axial turbine. Operating conditions are: drop height from 10 to 400 m, flow from 0.05 to 15 m3 s1. The degree of usefulness ranges from 88 to 95 %.

Prednosti vodenih turbina su veliko radno područje i visok stepen korisnosti. Njihovi nedostaci su komplikovana oprema i visoka cena. The advantages of water turbines are a large working area and a high degree of utility. Their disadvantages are complicated equipment and high price.

Opis pronalaskaDescription of the invention

U predloženom tehničkom rešenju motor na točak sa lopaticama pokretan vodom za energetsko iskorišćenje hidroenergetskog potencijala vodenog toga, sastoji se iz napojnog uredjaja, drenažnog uredjaja, točka i izobarnih lopatica koje su pričvršćene na točak, pri čemu je točak može okretati oko ose rotacije, kombinovan je sa prednostima hidrauličnog točka, jednostavnog je dizajna i niske cene, sa prednostima hidro turbine, visokim stepenom korisnog dejstva i velikog radnog područja. In the proposed technical solution, the motor on a wheel with vanes driven by water for the energy utilization of the hydropower potential of water, consists of a power supply device, a drainage device, a wheel and isobaric blades that are attached to the wheel, whereby the wheel can turn around the axis of rotation, it is combined with the advantages of the hydraulic wheel, it has a simple design and low cost, with the advantages of a hydro turbine, a high degree of useful effect and a large working area.

Točak na koji su pričvršćene izobarne lopatice, a koji rotira oko svoje ose obrtanja, ima takvav položaj u odnosu na drenažni uredjaj da se sve tačke ovih lopatica nalaze iznad površine vode na razdaljini, većoj od, ili jednakoj nuli, a ova površina je identična sa onom površinom, ili je niža od nje, a istovremeno je paralelna sa onom površinom koja se odozgo graniči sa onim prostorom na drenažnom uredjaju koji sadrži vodu. The wheel to which the isobaric blades are attached, and which rotates around its axis of rotation, has such a position in relation to the drainage device that all points of these blades are above the surface of the water at a distance greater than or equal to zero, and this surface is identical to that surface, or is lower than it, and at the same time it is parallel to the surface that borders from above the space on the drainage device that contains water.

Osa obrtanja točka sa izobarnim lopaticama može da bude vertikalna, horizontalna ili kosa. The axis of rotation of a wheel with isobaric blades can be vertical, horizontal or oblique.

Uredjaj za regulaciju dotoka, zahvaljujući svom obliku i položajem svoje ose u odnosu na izobarne lopatice točka sprovodi vodeni tok koji je prouzrokovan hidroenergetskim potencijalom vode na izobarne lopatice točka. The inflow regulation device, thanks to its shape and the position of its axis in relation to the isobaric blades of the wheel, conducts the water flow caused by the hydroenergetic potential of the water onto the isobaric blades of the wheel.

Izobarne lopatice preuzimaju kinetičku energiju vodenog toka koje teče na njih i prenosi snagu na njih, menjajući tu energiju u mehaničku energiju obrtnog kretanja točka, izobarne lopatice svojim oblikom, veličinom i rasporedom u odnosu na vodeni tok, smer, oblik putanje i relativnu brzinu njihovog kretanja u odnosu na tok vode, odredjuju stepen korisnog dejstva pretvaranja kinetičke energije u mehaničku energiju. Isobar vanes take the kinetic energy of the water stream that flows on them and transfer power to them, changing that energy into mechanical energy of the rotary movement of the wheel, isobaric vanes by their shape, size and arrangement in relation to the water flow, the direction, shape of the path and the relative speed of their movement in relation to the water flow, determine the degree of useful effect of converting kinetic energy into mechanical energy.

Svojom konstrukcijom točak omogućava dalji prenos energije svog obrtnog kretanja, dobijen preko izobarnih lopatica iz kinetičke energije vode, na drugu tehničku opremu. With its construction, the wheel enables the further transfer of the energy of its rotational movement, obtained via isobaric blades from the kinetic energy of the water, to other technical equipment.

Vodeni tok, koji se dovodi sa uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka na izobarne lopatice točka, pada nakon predaje kinetičke energije sa izobarnih lopatica točka ka površini donjeg nivoa vode koja površina je identična ili niža od ravni a istovremeno je i paralelna sa ravni koja se odozgo graniči sa onim prostorom na drenažnom uredjaju koji sadrži vodu. The water flow, which is supplied from the inflow regulation device to the isobaric blades of the wheel, falls after the transfer of kinetic energy from the isobaric blades of the wheel to the surface of the lower water level, which surface is identical or lower than the plane and at the same time is parallel to the plane that borders from above with that space on the drainage device that contains water.

Opis crtežaDescription of the drawing

Crtež 1 prikazuje šemu suštine tehničkog rešenja motora na točak sa lopaticama pokretan vodom. Drawing 1 shows a scheme of the essence of the technical solution of a water-driven paddle wheel motor.

Crtež 2 prikazuje malu hidroelektranu sa dovodnim kanalom, kanalom pod pritiskom i motor na točak sa lopaticama pokretan vodom sa horizontalnom osom obrtanja. Drawing 2 shows a small hydroelectric plant with a feed channel, a pressure channel and a water-driven paddle wheel motor with a horizontal axis of rotation.

Crtež 3 prikazuje malu hidroelektranu sa dovodnim kanalom, kanalom pod pritiskom i motor na točak sa lopaticama pokretan vodom sa vertikalnom osom obrtanja. Drawing 3 shows a small hydroelectric plant with a feed channel, a pressure channel and a water-driven paddle wheel motor with a vertical axis of rotation.

Crtež 4 prikazuje malu hidroelektranu sa dovodnim kanalom, vodenim padom i motor na točak sa lopaticama pokretan vodom sa horizontalnom osom obrtanja. Drawing 4 shows a small hydroelectric plant with a feed canal, a water fall and a water-driven paddle wheel motor with a horizontal axis of rotation.

Crtež 5 prikazuje malu hidroelektranu, kod koje se vodeni tok reguliše pomoću čelične pločaste ustave, sa četiri posebna motora na točak sa lopaticama pokretani vodom sa horizontalnom osom obrtanja. Drawing 5 shows a small hydroelectric power plant, where the water flow is regulated by a steel plate frame, with four separate water-driven paddle wheel motors with a horizontal axis of rotation.

Crtež 6 prikazuje malu hidroelektranu na prelivnom akumulacionom postrojenju vodenog toka sa motorom na točak sa lopaticama pokretan vodom sa vertikalnom osom obrtanja. Drawing 6 shows a small hydroelectric power station on an overflowing water flow storage facility with a water-driven paddle wheel engine with a vertical axis of rotation.

Crtež 7 prikazuje postrojenje za navodnjavanje na prelivnoj ustavi sa motorom na točak sa lopaticama pokretan vodom sa horizontalnom osom obrtanja. Drawing 7 shows an irrigation plant on an overflow system with a water-driven paddle wheel engine with a horizontal axis of rotation.

Crtež 8 prikazuje malu hidroelektranu na prelivnoj ustavi u vodenom toku sa čeličnom pločastom ustavom sa motorom na točak sa lopaticama pokretan vodom sa horizontalnom osom obrtanja. Drawing 8 shows a small hydroelectric power plant on an overflow foundation in a watercourse with a steel plate foundation with a water-driven paddle wheel motor with a horizontal axis of rotation.

PrimeriExamples

Predloženo tehničko rešenje prema slici 2 koristi se u konstrukciji male hidroelektrane kategorije mikrocentrale sa visinom pada od 2,8 m, protokom od 0,125 do 1,0 m<3>.s"<1>i instaliranom snagom od 22 kW. Oprema prema slici 2 se sastoji od dovodnog kanala gornjg niva vode 3, kanala pod pritiskom 12, uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1, regulatora protoka H dovodnog uredjaja 1, izobarnih lopatica 4 pričvršćenih na točak 5 sa horizontalnom osom obrtanja 18, drenažnog uredjaja 6, frikcionog prenosnika 7, generatora 8, električnog dela električne mikrocentrale 9 i nosećeg rama opreme 10. The proposed technical solution according to Figure 2 is used in the construction of a small hydroelectric power plant of the micro-power plant category with a drop height of 2.8 m, a flow rate of 0.125 to 1.0 m<3>.s"<1> and an installed power of 22 kW. The equipment according to Figure 2 consists of the supply channel of the upper water level 3, the pressure channel 12, the device for regulating the inflow 1, the flow regulator H of the supply device 1, isobaric blades 4 attached to a wheel 5 with a horizontal axis of rotation 18, a drainage device 6, a friction transmission 7, a generator 8, an electrical part of an electrical micro-power plant 9 and a supporting frame of the equipment 10.

Voda dotiče preko dovodnog kanala gornjeg nivoa vode 3 u kanal pod pritiskom 12, gde pod dejstvom vodenog hidrostatičkog pritiska nastalog vodenim stubom voda teče preko uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 u smeru osovine 2 uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 na izobarne lopatice 4 točka 5, usled čega nastaje obrtni momenat na točku 5 koji je pričvršćen na horizontalnoj ose obrtanja 18 na nosećem ramu opreme 10. Obrtni momenat se sa točka 5 prenosi preko frikcionog prenosnika 7 na generator 8. Voda pada sa lopatica 4 na površinu vode koja je identična ravni 21, koja je identična sa ravni 19 ili je u nižem položaju a u isto vreme je paralelna sa ravni 19 graničeći se sa gornjom nivoom drenažnog uredjaja 6 koji sadrži vodu. Električni deo 9 električne mikrocentrale obezbedjuje tehničke parametre koji su neophodni za priključenje generatora 8 na javnu električnu mrežu. Regulator protoka H održava, podešavanjem uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1, konstantan gornji nivo vode 3 bez obzira na snabdevanje vodom u ulaznom kanalu. Water flows through the supply channel of the upper water level 3 into the channel under pressure 12, where under the effect of water hydrostatic pressure created by the water column, water flows through the inflow control device 1 in the direction of the axis 2 of the inflow control device 1 to the isobaric vanes 4 of the wheel 5, as a result of which a torque is generated on the wheel 5 which is attached to the horizontal axis of rotation 18 on the supporting frame of the equipment 10. the moment is transmitted from point 5 via friction transmission 7 to generator 8. Water falls from blades 4 to the water surface which is identical to plane 21, which is identical to plane 19 or is in a lower position and at the same time is parallel to plane 19 bordering the upper level of the drainage device 6 which contains water. The electrical part 9 of the electrical microstation provides the technical parameters that are necessary for connecting the generator 8 to the public electrical network. The flow regulator H maintains, by adjusting the inflow control device 1, a constant upper water level 3 regardless of the water supply in the inlet channel.

Predloženo tehničko rešenje prema slici 3 koristi se u konstrukciji male hidroelektrane u kategoriji mikrocentrale sa visinom pada od 2,Om, protokom od 0,25 do 2,0 m<3>.s<1>i sa instaliranom snagom od 30 kW. Postrojenje prema slici 3 se sastoji od dovodnog kanala gornjg niva vode 3, kanala pod pritiskom 12, uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1, regulatora protoka H uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 sa optoelektronskim senzorom nivoa vode, izobarnih lopatica 4 pričvršćenih na točak 5 vertikalnom osom obrtanja 18, drenažnog uredjaja 6, frikcionog prenosnika 7, generatora 8, električnog dela električne mikrocentrale 9 i nosećeg rama opreme 10. The proposed technical solution according to Figure 3 is used in the construction of a small hydroelectric power plant in the category of micro power plant with a drop height of 2.Om, a flow rate of 0.25 to 2.0 m<3>.s<1> and an installed power of 30 kW. The plant according to Figure 3 consists of a supply channel of the upper water level 3, a pressure channel 12, an inflow control device 1, a flow regulator H, an inflow control device 1 with an optoelectronic water level sensor, isobaric vanes 4 attached to a wheel 5 with a vertical axis of rotation 18, a drainage device 6, a friction transmission 7, a generator 8, an electric part of the electric of the micro-central 9 and the supporting frame of the equipment 10.

Voda utiče preko dovodnog kanala gornjeg nivoa vode 3 u kanal pod pritiskom 12, gde pod dejstvom vodenog hidrostatičkog pritiska nastalog vodenim stubom voda teče preko uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 u smeru osovine 2 uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 na izobarne lopatice 4 točka 5, usled čega nastaje obrtni momenat na točku 5 koji je pričvršćen na horizontalnoj ose obrtanja 18 na nosećem ramu opreme 10. Obrtni momenat se sa točka 5 prenosi preko menjača 7 na generator 8. Voda pada sa lopatica 4 na površinu vode koja je identična ravni 21, koja je identična sa ravni 19 ili je u nižem položaju a u isto vreme je paralelna sa ravni 19 graničeći se sa gornjom nivoom drenažnog uredjaja 6 koji sadrži vodu. Električni deo 9 električne mikrocentrale obezbedjuje tehničke parametre koji su neophodni za priključenje generatora 8 na javnu električnu mrežu. Regulator H uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 sa optoelektronskim senzorom nivoa vode održava, podešavanjem uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1, konstantan nivo gornji nivo vode 3 bez obzira na snabdevanje vodom u ulaznom kanalu. The water flows through the supply channel of the upper water level 3 into the pressurized channel 12, where under the effect of water hydrostatic pressure created by the water column, water flows through the inflow control device 1 in the direction of the axis 2 of the inflow control device 1 on the isobaric vanes 4 of the wheel 5, as a result of which a torque is generated on the wheel 5 which is attached to the horizontal axis of rotation 18 on the supporting frame of the equipment 10. The torque is from point 5 it is transmitted through the gearbox 7 to the generator 8. The water falls from the vanes 4 to the water surface which is identical to the plane 21, which is identical to the plane 19 or is in a lower position and at the same time is parallel to the plane 19 bordering the upper level of the drainage device 6 which contains water. The electrical part 9 of the electrical microstation provides the technical parameters that are necessary for connecting the generator 8 to the public electrical network. The regulator H of the inflow control device 1 with an optoelectronic water level sensor maintains, by adjusting the inflow control device 1, a constant level of the upper water level 3 regardless of the water supply in the inlet channel.

Predloženo tehničko rešenje prema slici 4 koristi se u konstrukciji male hidroelektrane u kategoriji mikrocentrale sa visinom pada od 14,0 m, protokom od 0,035 do 0,28 m<3>.s<1>i instaliranom snagom od 37 kW. Oprema je projektovana imajući u vidu brzinu visokih vodenih tokova koja se postiže u dotoku na točak tako da je broj obrtaja točka identičan sa brojem obrtaja generatora a neophodna je promena brzine. Oprema prema slici 4 se sastoji od dovodnog kanala gornjeg nivoa vode 3, pada vode 15, uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1, izobarnih lopatica 4 koje su pričvršćene točak 5 sa horizontalnom osom obrtanja 18, drenažnog uredjaja 6, generatora 8, električnog dela električne mikrocentrale 9, noseće konstrukcije kanala 13 i nosećeg rama opreme 10. The proposed technical solution according to Figure 4 is used in the construction of a small hydroelectric power plant in the category of micro power plant with a drop height of 14.0 m, a flow rate of 0.035 to 0.28 m<3>.s<1> and an installed power of 37 kW. The equipment is designed keeping in mind the speed of high water flows that is achieved in the inflow to the wheel so that the number of revolutions of the wheel is identical to the number of revolutions of the generator and a change of speed is necessary. The equipment according to Figure 4 consists of the supply channel of the upper water level 3, the water drop 15, the device for regulating the inflow 1, the isobaric blades 4 that are attached to the wheel 5 with the horizontal axis of rotation 18, the drainage device 6, the generator 8, the electrical part of the electric micro-power plant 9, the supporting structure of the channel 13 and the supporting frame of the equipment 10.

Voda utiče preko dovodnog kanala gornjeg nivoa vode 3 u vodeni pad 15 gde se energetski potencijal vode pod dejstvom gravitacije menja u kinetičku energiju što prouzrokuje da se voda rasprskava preko uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 u smeru osovine 2 uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 na izobarne lopatice 4 na točka 5, što kreira obrtni momenat na točku 5 koji je pričvršćen na horizontalnoj ose obrtanja 18 na nosećem ramu opreme 10. Obrtni momenat se sa točka 5 prenosi na generator 8. Voda pada sa lopatica 4 na površinu vode koja je identična ravni 21, koja je identična sa ravni 19 ili je u nižem položaju a u isto vreme je paralelna sa ravni 19 graničeći se sa gornjom nivoom drenažnog uredjaja 6 koji sadrži vodu. Električni deo 9 električne mikrocentrale obezbedjuje tehničke parametre koji su neophodni za priključenje generatora 8 na javnu električnu mrežu. The water flows through the upper water level inlet channel 3 into the water fall 15 where the energy potential of the water under the action of gravity is changed into kinetic energy, which causes the water to spray over the flow control device 1 in the direction of the shaft 2 of the flow control device 1 on the isobaric vanes 4 on the wheel 5, which creates a torque on the wheel 5 which is attached to the horizontal axis of rotation 18 on the supporting frame of the equipment 10. The torque is transferred from point 5 to generator 8. Water falls from blades 4 to the water surface which is identical to plane 21, which is identical to plane 19 or is in a lower position and at the same time is parallel to plane 19 bordering the upper level of the drainage device 6 which contains water. The electrical part 9 of the electrical microstation provides the technical parameters that are necessary for connecting the generator 8 to the public electrical network.

Predloženo tehničko rešenje prema slici 5 koristi se u kostrukciji male hidroelektrane sa visinom pada od 4,2 m, protokom od 0,375 do 12,0 m<3>.s~<1>i instaliranom snagom od 380 kW. Oprema prema slici 5 se sastoji od ustave za regulaciju protoka dovodnog kanala gornjeg nivoa vode 3, četiri uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1, regulatora opreme za dotok H sa optoelektronskim senzorom nivoa vode, četiri točka 5 sa pričvršćenim lopaticama 4 sa horizontalnom osom obrtanja 18, drenažnog uredjaja 6, četiri frikciona prenosnika 7a i četiri menjača 7b, četiri generatora 8, električnog dela električne mikrocentrale 9, i nosećeg rama opreme 10. The proposed technical solution according to Figure 5 is used in the construction of a small hydroelectric power plant with a drop height of 4.2 m, a flow rate of 0.375 to 12.0 m<3>.s~<1> and an installed power of 380 kW. The equipment according to Figure 5 consists of a structure for regulating the flow of the supply channel of the upper water level 3, four devices for regulating the inflow 1, the regulator of the inflow equipment H with an optoelectronic water level sensor, four wheels 5 with attached vanes 4 with a horizontal axis of rotation 18, a drainage device 6, four friction transmissions 7a and four gearboxes 7b, four generators 8, the electrical part of the electrical micro-central 9, and the supporting frame of the equipment 10.

Hidrostatički pritiska vodenog stuba, nastao regulisanjem gornjeg nivoa vode 3, rasprskava vodu preko uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 u smeru osovina 2 uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 na izobarne lopatice 4 točkova 5, to kreira obrtni momenat na točkvima 5 koji su pričvršćeni na horizontalnoj ose obrtanja 18 na nosećem ramu opreme 10. Obrtni momenat se prenosi sa točkova 5 preko frikcionih prenosnika 7a i menjača 7b na generatore 8. Obrtni momenat se sa točka 5 prenosi na generator 8. Voda pada sa lopatica 4 na površinu vode koja je identična ravni 21, koja je identična sa ravni 19 ili je u nižem položaju a u isto vreme je paralelna sa ravni 19 graničeći se sa gornjom nivoom drenažnog uredjaja 6 koji sadrži vodu. Električni deo 9 električne mikrocentrale obezbedjuje tehničke parametre koji su neophodni za priključenje generatora 8 na javnu električnu mrežu. Regulator H uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 sa optoelektronskim senzorom nivoa vode održava, podešavanjem uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1, konstantan nivo gornji nivo vode 3 bez obzira na snabdevanje vodom na ustavi za regulaciju protoka. The hydrostatic pressure of the water column, created by regulating the upper water level 3, sprays water through the inflow control device 1 in the direction of the shafts 2 of the inflow control device 1 on the isobaric vanes 4 of the wheels 5, it creates a torque on the wheels 5 which are attached to the horizontal axis of rotation 18 on the supporting frame of the equipment 10. The torque is transmitted from the wheels 5 via friction transmissions 7a and gearbox 7b to generators 8. Torque is transmitted from point 5 to generator 8. Water falls from vanes 4 to the water surface which is identical to plane 21, which is identical to plane 19 or is in a lower position and at the same time is parallel to plane 19 bordering the upper level of the drainage device 6 which contains water. The electrical part 9 of the electrical microstation provides the technical parameters that are necessary for connecting the generator 8 to the public electrical network. The regulator H of the inflow control device 1 with an optoelectronic water level sensor maintains, by adjusting the inflow control device 1, a constant level of the upper water level 3 regardless of the water supply on the flow control system.

Predloženo tehničko rešenje prema slici 6 koristilo se u konstrukciji male hidroelektrane sa prelivnikom i visinom pada od 3,1 m, protokom od 00,06 do 0,5 m<3>.s"<1>i instaliranom snagom od 11 kW. Oprema prema slici 6 se sastoji od dovodnog vodenog kanala 15, uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1, izobarnih lopatica 4 pričvršćenih na točak 5 sa vertikalnom osom obrtanja 18, drenažnog uredjaja 6, prenosnika 7, generatora 8, električnog dela električne mikrocentrale 9, i nosećeg rama opreme 10. The proposed technical solution according to Figure 6 was used in the construction of a small hydroelectric power plant with a spillway and a drop height of 3.1 m, a flow of 00.06 to 0.5 m<3>.s"<1> and an installed power of 11 kW. The equipment according to Figure 6 consists of a water supply channel 15, an inflow regulation device 1, isobaric blades 4 attached to a wheel 5 with a vertical axis of rotation. 18, drainage device 6, transmission 7, generator 8, electrical part of the electrical micro-central 9, and the supporting frame of the equipment 10.

Ustava reguliše gornji nivo vode 3, voda teče preko gornje ivice ustave gde se hidroenergetski potencijal vode padajući u vodenog kanala 15 menja pod dejstvom sile teže u kinetičku energiju što čini da se voda rasprskava preko uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 u smeru ose 2 uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 na izobarne lopatice 4 točka 5, što kreira obrtni momenat na točkvima 5 koji su pričvršćeni na horizontalnoj ose obrtanja 18 na nosećem ramu opreme 10. Obrtni momenat se sa točka 5 prenosi na generator 8. Voda pada sa lopatica 4 na površinu vode koja je identična ravni 21, koja je identična sa ravni 19 ili je u nižem položaju a u isto vreme je paralelna sa ravni 19 graničeći se sa gornjom nivoom drenažnog uredjaja 6 koji sadrži vodu. Električni deo 9 električne mikrocentrale obezbedjuje tehničke parametre koji su neophodni za priključenje generatora 8 na javnu električnu mrežu. Constitution regulates the upper water level 3, the water flows over the upper edge of the constitution where the hydro-energy potential of the water falling into the water channel 15 changes under the action of gravity into kinetic energy, which makes the water splash over the inflow regulation device 1 in the direction of the axis 2 of the inflow regulation device 1 on the isobaric vanes 4 of the wheel 5, which creates a torque on the wheels 5 which are attached to the horizontal axis of rotation 18 on to the supporting frame of the equipment 10. The torque is transmitted from the point 5 to the generator 8. The water falls from the blades 4 to the surface of the water which is identical to the plane 21, which is identical to the plane 19 or is in a lower position and at the same time is parallel to the plane 19 bordering the upper level of the drainage device 6 which contains water. The electrical part 9 of the electrical microstation provides the technical parameters that are necessary for connecting the generator 8 to the public electrical network.

Predloženo tehničko rešenje prema slici 7 se koristi u konstrukciji postrojenja za navodnjavanje na ustavi izmedju dva prokopa sa visinom pada od 2,2 m i protokom od 2.2 m<3>.s"<1>, a sa potiskivanjem od 30 m i kapacitetom od 100 l/s. Oprema prema slici 7 se sastoji od kanala pod pritiskom 12, uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 sa manuelnim regulatorom U uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1, izobarnih lopatica 4 pričvršćenih točak 5 sa horizontalnom osom obrtanja 18, drenažnog uredjaja 6, vodene centrifugalne pumpe 16 sa prenosnikom 7, usisne pumpe sa filterom 17, odvodne cevi 14 i nosećeg rama The proposed technical solution according to Figure 7 is used in the construction of an irrigation plant on the foundation between two trenches with a drop height of 2.2 m and a flow of 2.2 m<3>.s"<1>, and with a displacement of 30 m and a capacity of 100 l/s. The equipment according to Figure 7 consists of a pressure channel 12, an inflow regulation device 1 with a manual regulator U inflow regulation device 1, isobaric vanes 4 attached to wheels 5 with a horizontal axis of rotation 18, drainage device 6, water centrifugal pump 16 with transmission 7, suction pump with filter 17, drain pipe 14 and supporting frame

opreme 10. equipment 10.

Protok reguliše gornji nivo vode 3 koji je povezan sa kanalaom pod pritiskom 12 gde se, pod dejstvom hidrostatičkog pritiska vodenog stuba, voda rasprskava preko uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 u smeru ose 2 uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 na izobarne lopatice 4 točka 5, što kreira obrtni momenat na točkvima 5 koji su pričvršćeni na horizontalnoj ose obrtanja 18 na nosećem ramu opreme 10. Obrtni momenat se sa točka 5, preko prenosnika 7, prenosi na vodenu centrifugalnu pumpe 16, isisava vodu iz regulisane zone gornjeg toka vode putem usisne pumpe sa filterom 17, i prazni je putem odvodne cevi 14 u poljoprivredni sistem navodnjavanja.Voda pada sa lopatica 4 na površinu vode koja je identična ravni 21, koja je identična sa ravni 19 ili je u nižem položaju a u isto vreme je paralelna sa ravni 19 graničeći se sa gornjom nivoom drenažnog uredjaja 6 koji sadrži vodu. Voda pada sa lopatica 4 na površinu donjeg toka koja je identična sa ravni 21, koja je identična ili niža od ravni 19 a istovremeno je paralelna sa ravni 19 koja odozgo ograničava onaj prostor na drenažnom uredjaju 6 koji sadrži vodu. Izlaz na opremi je kontrolisan pomoću manuelnog regulatora 11 uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1. The flow is regulated by the upper water level 3 which is connected to the pressure channel 12 where, under the effect of the hydrostatic pressure of the water column, water is sprayed over the inflow control device 1 in the direction of the axis 2 of the inflow control device 1 on the isobaric vanes 4 of the wheel 5, which creates a torque on the wheels 5 which are attached to the horizontal axis of rotation 18 on the supporting frame of the equipment 10. The torque is from point 5, through the transmission 7, it transfers to the water centrifugal pump 16, sucks water from the regulated zone of the upper water flow through the suction pump with filter 17, and empties it through the drainage pipe 14 into the agricultural irrigation system. The water falls from the vanes 4 to the surface of the water which is identical to the plane 21, which is identical to the plane 19 or is in a lower position and at the same time is parallel to the plane 19 bordering the upper by the level of the drainage device 6, which contains water. The water falls from the blades 4 to the surface of the lower flow which is identical to the plane 21, which is identical or lower than the plane 19 and at the same time is parallel to the plane 19 which limits from above that space on the drainage device 6 which contains water. The output on the equipment is controlled by the manual regulator 11 of the inflow control device 1.

Predloženo tehničko rešenje prema slici 8 se koristi u konstrukciji mikrocentrale na postojećem prelivnicima sa visinom pada od 3,0 m, protokom od 0.125 to 1.0 m3.s ~1 i sa instaliranom snagom od 22,5 kW. Oprema prema slici 8 se sastoji od vodjice vodene struje sa funkcijom uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1, izobarnih lopatica 4 pričvršćenih na točak 5 sa horizontalnom osom obrtanja 18, od drenažnog uredjaja 6, kaišnog prenosnika 7, generatora 8, električnog dela električne mikrocentrale 9, i pokretne opreme koja nosi rama 10. The proposed technical solution according to Figure 8 is used in the construction of the micro-power station on the existing overflows with a drop height of 3.0 m, a flow rate of 0.125 to 1.0 m3.s ~1 and an installed power of 22.5 kW. The equipment according to Figure 8 consists of a water current guide with the function of an inflow control device 1, isobaric vanes 4 attached to a wheel 5 with a horizontal axis of rotation 18, a drainage device 6, a belt conveyor 7, a generator 8, an electrical part of an electric micro-power station 9, and a moving equipment that carries a frame 10.

Ustava reguliše gornji nivo vode 3, voda teče preko gornje ivice ustave gde se hidroenergetski potencijal padajuće vode menja u kinetičku energiju, što čini da se voda rasprskava preko vodjice za protok vode čime vrši funkciju uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 u smeru ose 2 uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 na izobarne lopatice 4 točka 5, što kreira obrtni momenat na točkvima 5 koji su pričvršćeni na horizontalnoj ose obrtanja 18 na pokretnoj opremi koja nosi rama 10. Obrtni momenat se sa točka 5 prenosi putem kaišnog prenosnika 7 na generator 8. Voda pada sa lopatica 4 na površinu vode koja je identična ravni 21, koja je identična sa ravni 19 ili je u nižem položaju a u isto vreme je paralelna sa ravni 19 graničeći se sa gornjom nivoom drenažnog uredjaja 6 koji sadrži vodu. Električni deo 9 električne mikrocentrale obezbedjuje tehničke parametre koji su neophodni za priključenje generatora 8 na javnu električnu mrežu. Constitution regulates the upper water level 3, the water flows over the upper edge of the constitution where the hydro-energy potential of the falling water changes into kinetic energy, which makes the water splash over the water flow guide, which performs the function of the inflow regulation device 1 in the direction of the axis 2 of the inflow regulation device 1 on the isobaric vanes 4 of the wheel 5, which creates a torque on the wheels 5 which are attached to the horizontal axis of rotation 18 on the movable to the equipment that carries the frame 10. The torque is transmitted from the point 5 via the belt transmission 7 to the generator 8. The water falls from the blades 4 to the surface of the water which is identical to the plane 21, which is identical to the plane 19 or is in a lower position and at the same time is parallel to the plane 19 bordering the upper level of the drainage device 6 which contains water. The electrical part 9 of the electrical microstation provides the technical parameters that are necessary for connecting the generator 8 to the public electrical network.

Mehanički spoj pokretne opreme koja nosi ram 10 sa prigušnicom obezbedjuje njihov medjusobni položaj tako da je voda koja pada usmerene u na vodjicu vršeći funkciju uredjaja za regulaciju dotoka 1 bez obzira na pšoložaj prigušinice. The mechanical connection of the moving equipment that carries the frame 10 with the damper ensures their mutual position so that the falling water is directed to the guide, performing the function of the inflow regulation device 1 regardless of the position of the damper.

Industrijska primenljivostIndustrial applicability

Predloženo tehničko rešenje motora na točak sa lopaticama pokretan vodom je pogodno za mehanički pogon opreme na onim mestima na kojima je dostupan hidroenergetski potencijal vode u području potrebnih radnih uslova. The proposed technical solution of the engine on a wheel with paddles driven by water is suitable for the mechanical drive of equipment in those places where the hydropower potential of water is available in the area of the required working conditions.

Claims

1. The wheel engine with vanes driven by water consists of an inflow control device located in front of the wheel and a drainage device located below the wheel, which the wheel can rotate around the axis of rotation and to which vanes are attached, indicated by the fact that the vanes (4) are isobaric.

2. The motor on a wheel with vanes driven by water according to claim 1 is indicated when all points of the wheel (5) and isobaric vanes (5) are located at a greater or zero distance above the plane (21) which is identical to the plane (19) or is in a lower position and at the same time is parallel to the plane (19) bordering the upper level of the drainage device (6) containing water.

3. A water-driven paddle wheel motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis (2) of the flow control device (1) is directed towards the isobaric blades.

4. A water-driven paddle wheel motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of rotation (18) of the wheel (5) is in a vertical, horizontal or inclined position.