RS1358U

RS1358U - Apparatus for heating steel components in a continuous furnace

Info

Publication number: RS1358U
Application number: RS20130001U
Authority: RS
Inventors: Robert Vehof; Peter Buitenhuis; Alfons Heetjans; Marcel Hartgers; Toon Van Eck; Marcel Jaspers Focks
Original assignee: Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh
Priority date: 2013-01-04
Filing date: 2013-01-04
Publication date: 2014-02-28

Abstract

Uređaj za zagrevanje čeličnih komponenti, koji obuhvata jednu peć 3 za zagrevanje čeličnih komponenti i najmanje jedan transportni uređaj 4 za vođenje komponenti kroz peć 3, naznačen time, što transportni uređaj (4) obuhvata najmanje prvi transportni uređaj (12) koji je smešten u ili na zoni zagrevanja (6) peći (3) i napravljen je za transport komponenti za vreme zagrevanja; i što obuhvata drugi transportni uređaj (20) koji se nadovezuje na prvi transportni uređaj (12) i koji se pruža dužinom peći (3) u smeru transporta, tako da se komponente mogu transportovati iz peći (3) drugim transportnim uredajem (20), pri čemu je transportni uređaj (4) smešten izvan peći (3) i preko sredstava za zahvatanje (18, 24) može da zahvata odgovarajuća zahvatna sredstva (50, 51) na najmanje jednom nosaču za zahvatanje, koji se transportuje izvan peć (3) u određenoj poziciji i položaju, pri čemu nosač (30) jednim svojim delom prolazi kroz zid peći i u unutrašnjosti peći ima uređaj (43) za uležištenje komponenata (2).Prijava sadrži još 4 zavisna patentna zahteva.A steel component heating apparatus comprising one furnace 3 for heating the steel components and at least one conveyor device 4 for guiding the components through the furnace 3, characterized in that the transport device (4) comprises at least the first transport device (12) housed in or in the heating zone (6) of the furnace (3) and is designed to transport components during heating; and comprising a second conveyor (20) that extends to the first conveyor (12) and extends along the furnace (3) in the direction of transport so that the components can be transported from the furnace (3) by another conveyor (20), wherein the conveyor device (4) is located outside the furnace (3) and can, through the gripping means (18, 24), engage the corresponding gripping means (50, 51) on at least one gripping carrier, which is transported outside the furnace (3) in a particular position and position, wherein the carrier (30) extends through the furnace wall in one part and within the furnace there is a device (43) for fastening the components (2). The application contains 4 more dependent claims.

Description

OBLAST TEHNIKE TECHNICAL FIELD

Pronalazak spada u oblast tunelskih peći za zagrevanje i to peći u kojima se šarža mehanički pomera uglavnom po pravolinijskoj putanji, ali se odnosi i na oblast sastavnih delova, pribora ili opreme koji su posebni za ove vrste peći. The invention belongs to the field of tunnel furnaces for heating, namely furnaces in which the batch is mechanically moved mainly along a straight path, but also refers to the field of components, accessories or equipment that are special for these types of furnaces.

TEHNIČKI PROBLEM TECHNICAL PROBLEM

Pronalazak rešava tehnički problem koji se sastoji u tome, kako brzo i efikasno zagrejati čelične komponente koje se potom presuju, kako obezbediti ujednačeni kvalitet čeličnih komponenti uz što manji utrošak energije. The invention solves the technical problem that consists in how to quickly and efficiently heat steel components that are then pressed, how to ensure uniform quality of steel components with as little energy consumption as possible.

STANJE TEHNIKE STATE OF THE ART

U stanju tehnike poznato je da se čelične komponente zagrevaju do tzv. temperature austenitizacije, a zatim se naglim hlađenjem vrši njihovo kaljenje. It is known in the state of the art that steel components are heated to the so-called austenitization temperature, and then their hardening is performed by sudden cooling.

Za zagrevanja do temperature austenitizacije poznate su tzv. peći za kaljenje u koje se komponente postavljaju i odgovarajuće zagrevaju, a zatim se iz njih uklanjaju. For heating up to the austenitization temperature, the so-called tempering furnaces in which components are placed and properly heated and then removed from them.

Od početka devedesetih godina ne kale se samo mašinski delovi od čelika, kao na primer vratila ili ležajevi, nego i delovi karoserija. Ovaj postupak kaljenja se naziva i kaljenje čelika presovanjem (PKS). Ovom tehnologijom se u cilju postizanja veće čvrstoće delova karoserija čelični limovi zagrevaju do temperature austenitizacije, a zatim presuju u alatu za oblikovanje i istovremeno brzo hlade, tako da dolazi do poznatog efekta kaljenja. Ovim postupkom kaljenja povećava se čvrstoća materijala za delove karoserija sve do npr. 1.500 MPa. Zahvajujući ovakvom materijalu sa najvećom mogućom čvrstoćom, javila se mogućnost, da se znatno poveća sigurnost modernih vozila u slučaj evim nesreća, dok istovremeno težina karoserije vozila ostaje ista. Since the beginning of the nineties, not only machine parts made of steel, such as shafts or bearings, but also body parts have been forged. This hardening procedure is also called press hardening of steel (PKS). With this technology, in order to achieve greater strength of body parts, steel sheets are heated to the austenitizing temperature, then pressed in a molding tool and at the same time quickly cooled, so that the well-known hardening effect occurs. This hardening process increases the strength of the material for body parts up to e.g. 1,500 MPa. Thanks to this material with the highest possible strength, the possibility arose to significantly increase the safety of modern vehicles in the event of an accident, while at the same time the weight of the vehicle's body remains the same.

Do sada su se za zagrevanje ovakvih čeličnih limova koristile prolazne peći, a naročito peći sa ugrađenim valjcima, u kojima su bili zagrevani limovi ili prethodno oblikovani delovi. Pošto se pri tim temperaturama javlja povišena oksidacija na površinama komponenti (oblaganje kovarinom), obično se za peći za ovakvo kaljenje ili zagrevanje koristi zaštitni gas. Until now, for heating such steel sheets, pass-through furnaces were used, especially furnaces with built-in rollers, in which the sheets or preformed parts were heated. Since at these temperatures increased oxidation occurs on the surfaces of the components (covarine coating), a shielding gas is usually used for such tempering or heating furnaces.

Takođe je poznata izrada limova ili prethodno oblikovanih komponenata sa prevlakama od aluminij uma ili od legura koje sadrže približno polovinu aluminij uma ili cinka. Kod ovakvih prevlaka je moguće pod određenim okolnostima izostaviti atmosferu zaštitnog gasa. It is also known to produce sheets or pre-formed components with aluminum coatings or alloys containing approximately half of aluminum or zinc. With such coatings, it is possible under certain circumstances to omit the protective gas atmosphere.

Za zagrevanje komponenti karoserije sada se koriste prolazne peći, kao što su peći sa valjcima ali i rotacione plamene peći u kojima se komponente zadržavaju duže vreme. Nakon toga se komponente karoserija transportuju do presa u kojima se oblikuju u željeni oblik. For heating body components, transient furnaces are now used, such as roller furnaces but also rotary flame furnaces in which the components are kept for a long time. After that, the body components are transported to the press where they are shaped into the desired shape.

Nedostatak postojećih peći se satoji u tome što se transportni sistem nalazi unutar peći i što je zbog toga sklon oštećenjima. Održavanje transportnog sistema je zbog toga moguće samo kad se peć ohladi. Pored toga, položaj komponenti karoserije nije učvršćen, tako da prilikom prolaska kroz peć dolazi do pomeranja delova karoserije, te komponente pri napuštanju peći moraju ponovo da budu pozicionirane, da bi nakon toga bile preuzete i transportovane do prese. U vezi sa tim je i nedostatak, da se komponente, koje nisu tačno i ispravno pozicionirane, tokom naknadnog postavljanja u pravi položaj brzo hlade. Da bi se izjednačio taj toplotni gubitak, komponente se u peći odmah zagrevaju na temperature koje su znatno više od onih koje su potrebne za kaljenje u presama. The disadvantage of existing furnaces lies in the fact that the transport system is located inside the furnace and is therefore prone to damage. Maintenance of the transport system is therefore possible only when the furnace has cooled down. In addition, the position of the body components is not fixed, so when passing through the furnace, parts of the body move, and those components must be repositioned when leaving the furnace, in order to be picked up and transported to the press. In connection with this, there is also a disadvantage, that the components, which are not correctly and correctly positioned, cool down quickly during the subsequent placement in the right position. In order to equalize this heat loss, the components are immediately heated in the furnace to temperatures that are significantly higher than those required for tempering in the presses.

Pošto se sve komponente zagrevaju do temperature koje su više od potrebne temperature, ali je samo deo komponenti potrebno ponovno pozicionirati, komponente koje stižu u alat za oblikovanje imaju različite temperature. Međutim, različite temperature takođe znače da dobijene čvrstoće nisu ujednačene i da ovde postoje odstupanja. Ovo takodje znači i da će komponente koje imaju različite početne temperature imati isto tako različite krajnje temperature, tako da se mogu pojaviti i deformacije. Because all components are heated to temperatures higher than the required temperature, but only a portion of the components need to be repositioned, the components arriving at the molding tool have different temperatures. However, different temperatures also mean that the strengths obtained are not uniform and there are deviations here. This also means that components that have different initial temperatures will also have different final temperatures, so deformations can occur.

Dodatni nedostatak uobičajenih peći je i to što se za proizvode koriste nosači čije su težine veće od 60 kg. Ovi nosači izlaze iz peći nakon zagrevanja komponenti karoserija, zatim se izvan peći transportuju nazad do ulaza u peć, gde se na njih postavljaju nove komponente karoserije. Pri izlasku iz peći, tokom povratka i pri ulasku u peć nosač gubi do 200°C. Ovaj gubitak toplote mora da se nadoknadi unutar peći, što znači da peć ne samo da treba da zagreje komponente karoserije već i nosač, a što zahteva i dodatnu energiju. An additional disadvantage of conventional ovens is that the products are used for carriers whose weight is greater than 60 kg. These carriers exit the furnace after the body components are heated, then are transported out of the furnace back to the furnace entrance, where new body components are placed on them. When leaving the furnace, during the return and when entering the furnace, the carrier loses up to 200°C. This heat loss must be compensated within the furnace, which means that the furnace not only needs to heat the body components but also the carrier, which requires additional energy.

Dodatni nedostatak poznatih peći sa valjcima je u tome što su peći sa valjcima ograničene u pogledu njihove širine. Pošto su valjci napravljeni od keramičkog materijala ili od termički otpornih čelika, kod peći sa velikim širinama dolazi do savijanja zbog uticaja toplote, a što se u ovom slučaju ne srne tolerisati. Osim toga ovo dovodi i do oštećenja na valjcima zbog promene opterećenja. An additional disadvantage of known roller furnaces is that roller furnaces are limited in their width. Since the rollers are made of ceramic material or of heat-resistant steel, in furnaces with large widths bending occurs due to the influence of heat, which in this case cannot be tolerated. In addition, this leads to damage to the rollers due to the change in load.

IZLAGANJE SUŠTINE PRONALASKA EXPOSITION OF THE ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION

Zadatak pronalaska je da ostvari uređaj kojim se čelične komponente, a posebno komponente od čeličnih limova koje se podvrgavaju kaljenju mogu zagrejati brzo, efikasno i jeftino, da se obezbedi ujednačenost kvaliteta proizvoda i da se postigne ušteda energije. The task of the invention is to realize a device by which steel components, and especially components made of steel sheets that are subjected to hardening, can be heated quickly, efficiently and cheaply, to ensure uniformity of product quality and to achieve energy savings.

Zadatak je postignut karakteristikama uređaja datim u zahtevu 1. Ostale prednosti su naznačene u zavisnim zahtevima. The object is achieved by the features of the device given in claim 1. Other advantages are indicated in the dependent claims.

Uređaj prema pronalasku predviđa prvi transportni uređaj za peć za kaljenje, koji prenosi preuzete komponente kroz peć u apsolutno tačnom položaju i tačno pozicionirane, od ulaza do izlaza iz peći. The device according to the invention provides the first transport device for a tempering furnace, which transports the received components through the furnace in an absolutely accurate position and precisely positioned, from the entrance to the exit of the furnace.

Uređaj prema pronalasku dalje predviđa drugi transportni uređaj na izlazu iz peći, koji od prvog transportnog uređaja preuzima komponente tačno uležištene i tačno pozicionirane i prenosi ih dalje velikom brzinom iz peći do prelazne stanice, gde ih prenosi na odgovarajući uredjaj za postavljanje u presu, odn. u alat za oblikovanje radi kaljenja presovanjem. The device according to the invention further foresees a second transport device at the exit from the furnace, which takes the components from the first transport device accurately placed and positioned correctly and carries them on at high speed from the furnace to the transfer station, where it transfers them to the appropriate device for placement in the press, or into the forming tool for press hardening.

U jednom daljem pogodnom obliku izvođenja predviđen je treći transportni uređaj, koji komponente iz oblasti ulaza u peć velikom brzinom uvodi u peć sa spoljne strane, a zatim ih tačno pozicionirane prenosi na prvi transportni uređaj, odn. predaje ih prihvatnom uređaju prvog transportnog uređaja. In a further suitable embodiment, a third transport device is provided, which introduces the components from the furnace entrance area into the furnace from the outside at high speed, and then transfers them precisely positioned to the first transport device, or. hands them to the receiving device of the first transport device.

Uređaj pritom predviđa, da drugi i/ili treći transportni uređaj vodi komponente koje treba da se kale kroz pregradni zastor na ulazu i izlazu iz peći, koji se otvaraju samo u trenutku prolaska komponente, a zatim odmah zatvaraju. S obzirom na veliku brzinu uvođenja u peć ili iznošenja iz peći, pregradni zastori su otvoreni samo za veoma kratko vreme tako daje gubitak energije veoma mali. At the same time, the device foresees that the second and/or third transport device guides the components to be hardened through the partition curtain at the entrance and exit of the furnace, which are opened only at the moment of passing the component, and then immediately closed. Due to the high speed of introduction into the furnace or removal from the furnace, the partition curtains are only open for a very short time, so the energy loss is very low.

Uređaj prema pronalasku predviđa za komponente koje se kale, na primer za limove ili prethodno oblikovane ili već konačno oblikovane komponente, specifične nosače za svaki određeni deo koji se prenosi pomoću transportnog uređaja. Nosači se samo jednim svojim delom vode kroz peć, dok se najveći deo nosača vodi izvan peći, pri Čemu su za transport kroz peć u tačno uležištenom položaju predvidjeni odgovarajući prihvatni uredjaji, sa kojih mogu da zahvataju prihvatni uredjaji prvog transportnog uređaja, drugog transportnog uređaja i, ako treba, trećeg transportnog uređaja. Zahvatanje odn. sprega nosača i transportnih uređaja ostvaruje se izvan peći. Isto kao i vođenje nosača. The device according to the invention provides for the components to be hardened, for example for sheets or preformed or already finally formed components, specific carriers for each specific part that is transported by means of the transport device. Only one part of the carriers is guided through the furnace, while the largest part of the carriers is led outside the furnace, and for transport through the furnace in a precisely seated position, appropriate receiving devices are provided, from which the receiving devices of the first transport device, the second transport device and, if necessary, the third transport device can be gripped. Capture or the coupling of the carrier and transport devices is realized outside the furnace. Same as guiding the carrier.

Prednost uređaja prema pronalasku je i ta, što delovi zahvaljujući velikoj brzini unošenja i iznošenja iz peći i transporta u tačnom položaju gube manje toplote i i što ih zbog toga nije potrebno zagrevati na tako visoke temperature kao što je to opisano u stanju tehnike. Transport komponenti u tačnom položaju i mali gubitk toplote obezbeđuje takodje, da svi delovi imaju približno istu temperaturu u postupku presovanja, čime se postižu homogene osobine materijala tokom cele postupka proizvodnje. The advantage of the device according to the invention is that, thanks to the high speed of bringing in and taking out of the furnace and transport in the correct position, the parts lose less heat and because of this, it is not necessary to heat them to such high temperatures as described in the state of the art. The transport of components in the correct position and low heat loss also ensure that all parts have approximately the same temperature during the pressing process, which achieves homogeneous material properties throughout the entire production process.

Time što se nosač zagreva samo na svom malom delu i što su predviđena pregradni zastori na ulaznom i izlaznom otvoru peći, gubitak toplote se održava na niskom nivou. Ovo omogućava i sprovodjenje energetski optimalnog postupka. By the fact that the support is heated only in its small part and that partition curtains are provided at the entrance and exit openings of the furnace, heat loss is kept at a low level. This enables the implementation of an energy-optimal procedure.

OPIS PRONALASKADESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Uređaj prema pronalasku je peć koja ima jednu grejnu komoru. Po dnu grejne komore je podužno izveden najmanje jedan linearni prorez, čime je ispod dna grejne komore ostvaren transportni prostor odn. jedna oblast transporta. U transportnom prostoru ispod dna grejne komore smešten je najmanje jedan transportni lanac ili transportna traka koji se nalazi tačno ispod proreza, tako da se gornji deo lanca pomera duž proreza, dok se donji deo lanca vraća nazad. The device according to the invention is a furnace that has one heating chamber. At the bottom of the heating chamber, at least one linear slit was made longitudinally, which created a transport space under the bottom of the heating chamber, or one area of transportation. In the transport space below the bottom of the heating chamber, there is at least one transport chain or conveyor belt located right under the slot, so that the upper part of the chain moves along the slot, while the lower part of the chain returns back.

Da bi se sprečio gubitak toplote kroz prorez, naročito odvođenjem ili zračenjem, odn. da bi se spečio ulazak vazduha, poželjno je da prorez ima zaptivač. U najjednostavnijem slučaju zaptivač može da se sastojati od traka u obliku četke sa gusto postavljenim vlaknima, napravljena od plastičnog materijala otpornog na toplotu, kao što je PTFE, i/ili od metalnih vlakana, i/ili staklenih i/ili keramičkih vlakana, koji sa granične ivice jednog proreza ulaze u drugi prorez. Dalja prednost izvodjenja prema pronalasku je ta što je prorez 42 zaptiven teflonskim tračicama sa obeju bočnih ivičnih površina koje se medjusobno preklapaju. Osim toga, moguće je da se duž proreza postavi veliki broj metalnih lamela, koje su paralelne sa zidom dna peći i vertikalno postavljene u odnosu na prorez, a koje su pod dejstvom opruge zakretno pomerljive iznad proreza. Noseći stub nosača koji se kreće prema napred potiskuje odn. zakreće u stranu vlakna četkica i plastične tračice, kao i metalne lamele koje su pod dejstvom opruge, i koje se nakon prolaska nosećeg stuba opet vraćaju u oblast proreza, čime se postiže pouzdana barijera od gubitka toplote i/ili prodiranja vazduha. Zaptivna barijera se može uspešno ostvariti i primenom vazdušne zavese. In order to prevent heat loss through the slot, especially by conduction or radiation, or in order to prevent the entry of air, it is preferable that the slot has a sealant. In the simplest case, the sealant can consist of brush-shaped strips with densely placed fibers, made of a heat-resistant plastic material such as PTFE, and/or metal fibers, and/or glass and/or ceramic fibers, which enter from the boundary edge of one slot into another slot. A further advantage of the embodiment according to the invention is that the slot 42 is sealed with Teflon strips with both side edge surfaces overlapping each other. In addition, it is possible to place a large number of metal lamellas along the slits, which are parallel to the wall of the bottom of the furnace and placed vertically in relation to the slit, and which are pivotably movable above the slit under the action of a spring. The supporting column of the carrier that moves forward pushes or. turns aside the fibers of the brushes and plastic strips, as well as the metal lamellas that are under the action of the spring, and which, after the passage of the supporting column, return to the area of the slot, which achieves a reliable barrier against heat loss and/or air penetration. A sealing barrier can also be successfully implemented using an air curtain.

Obrtni lančanik ili usmeravajući točak lanca su raspoređeni u oblast početka peći odn. u oblast pregradnih zastora. Na lancu su na ravnomemim rastojanjima razmešteni klinovi ili ispusti. U oblast obrtnog lančanika ili usmeravajućeg točka lanca ili lanaca, ako je uporedo raspoređeno više lanaca, razmešteni su linearni pogonski mehanizmi sa donje strane ulaza odn. izlaza, koji su poravnati sa smerom pomeranja lanca. Svaki od linearnih pogonskih mehanizama ima po jedan prihvatni uređaj, koji na isti način kao i lanac ima klinove odn. ispuste. Ovi klinovi, odn. ispusti su takodje usmereni ka dnu peći odn. naviše, pri čemu su klinovi ili ispusti linearnog pogonskog mehanizma projektovani tako da se izvlače ili uvlače. A rotating sprocket or chain guide wheel is arranged in the area of the beginning of the furnace or. in the area of partition curtains. On the chain, pegs or outlets are arranged at equal distances. In the area of the rotating sprocket or guide wheel of the chain or chains, if several chains are arranged side by side, linear drive mechanisms are placed on the lower side of the entrance or. outputs, which are aligned with the direction of chain movement. Each of the linear drive mechanisms has one receiving device, which, in the same way as the chain, has pins or. discharges. These wedges, or the outlets are also directed towards the bottom of the furnace or upward, wherein the pins or outlets of the linear drive mechanism are designed to extend or retract.

Na primer, klinovi mogu biti pokretani pneumatski ili hidraulično. Za transport komponenti predviđeni su nosači, koji su na primer projektovani kao ravne ploče. Ovi nosači oblika ravnih ploča imaju sa donje strane najmanje jedan urez koji može da zahvati klin linearnog pogonskog mehanizma i/ili transporterskog lanca. Nosači se bočno vode pomoću U-profila ili odgovarajućim kliznim vodicama ili sličnog, tako što ih duž ovih kliznih vodica ili U-profila podužno guraju klinovi koji ih zahvataju sa njihove donje strane. Konzolom koja se pruža naviše od lanca i ploče, ovi nosači prolaze kroz prorez peći, pri čemu je na slobodnom kraju konzole koja ulazi u peć pričvršćen prihvatni uređaj za komponentu koja treba da se kali, koji može da se skida. Prihvatni uredjaj za komponente može da se menjai u zavisnosti od oblika komponente, i može da ima, na primer, ravnu konturu, na kojoj leži komponenta, medjutim, za komponente na kojima su već prosečeni otvori po utvrđenom uzorku, mogu se upotrebiti samo račvaste konzole, koje svaki otvor zahvataju odozdo i na taj način obezbeđuju dobro zagrevanje komponenti. Peć, odn. prihvatni uređaj, i noseći stub su prevashodno tako dimenzionisani da minilano rastojanje komponente koja se zagreva od svih zidova peći iznosi 200 mm. Poželjno je da se zid dna peći projektuje tako da bude deblji od drugih zidova peći, da bi zbog proreza gubici toplote zračenjem ili odvođenjem bili manji. Pri debljinama zidova peći od, na primer, 200 mm, zid dna će biti debljine 300 mm. For example, wedges can be actuated pneumatically or hydraulically. Carriers are provided for the transport of components, which are, for example, designed as flat plates. These supports in the form of flat plates have at least one notch on the underside that can engage the wedge of the linear drive mechanism and/or the conveyor chain. The supports are guided laterally by means of U-profiles or suitable sliding guides or the like, so that they are pushed longitudinally along these sliding guides or U-profiles by wedges that engage them from their lower side. By a bracket extending upwards from the chain and plate, these supports pass through the furnace slot, the free end of the bracket entering the furnace having a removable holding device for the component to be tempered. The receiving device for the components can be changed depending on the shape of the component, and it can have, for example, a flat contour, on which the component lies, however, for components on which there are already average openings according to the established pattern, only forked consoles can be used, which capture each opening from below and thus ensure good heating of the components. Furnace, or the receiving device and the support column are primarily dimensioned so that the minimum distance of the heated component from all walls of the furnace is 200 mm. It is desirable that the wall of the bottom of the furnace be designed so that it is thicker than the other walls of the furnace, so that due to the slits, the heat losses through radiation or removal will be smaller. For furnace wall thicknesses of, for example, 200 mm, the bottom wall will be 300 mm thick.

Pločasti oblik nosača ima na primer sa donje strane tri ureza za klinove odn. ispuste koji su raspoređeni jedan iza drugog u smeru transporta. Za uvođenje takvog nosača u odgovarajuću peć, nosač se automatski postavlja na prvi klin linearnog pogonskog mehanizma, koji je određen da gura nosač u peć. Linearnim pogonskim mehanizmom se upravlja tako, što on u određenom trenutku gume nosač, odnosno ploču u U-profile odnosno klizne vodice naspram zastora na ulazu peći, koji se sastoji, na primer, od dvoje vrata, postavljena na poznat način jedna iza drugih. The plate shape of the support has, for example, on the lower side three notches for wedges or. outlets that are arranged one behind the other in the direction of transport. To introduce such a carrier into the appropriate furnace, the carrier is automatically placed on the first pin of the linear drive mechanism, which is designated to push the carrier into the furnace. The linear drive mechanism is managed in such a way that at a certain moment it pulls the support, i.e. the plate into the U-profiles, i.e. the sliding guide against the curtain at the entrance of the furnace, which consists, for example, of two doors, placed one behind the other in a known manner.

Kada nosač prođe određenu oblast peći, ili kada prođe kroz ulaz u peć, pri čemu se ova oblast određuje pomoću senzora raspoređenih unutar kliznih vodica, otvaraju se prva vrata peći i, kada se prođe ta oblast, vrata se zatvaraju. Nosač sada prolazi kroz međuzastor i vodi se sve dok ne prođe kroz tu oblast, što dovodi do otvaranja unutrašnjeg zatvarača. When the carrier passes a certain area of the furnace, or when it passes through the entrance to the furnace, where this area is determined by sensors arranged inside the sliding guides, the first door of the furnace is opened and, when the area is passed, the door is closed. The carrier now passes through the intermediate curtain and is guided until it passes through that area, causing the inner closure to open.

Sada se otvara i ovaj pregradni zastor i linearni pogonski mehanizam gura nosač i kroz ovu oblast. Upravljač u hladnom delu deluje tako što postavi nosač u oblast prvog obrtnog lančanika ili u oblast prvog usmeravajućeg točka transportnog lanca, kada se odgovarajući klin odnosno ispust transportnog lanca oko obrtnog lančanika vodi naviše. Now this barrier curtain also opens and the linear drive mechanism pushes the carrier through this area as well. The controller in the cold part works by placing the carrier in the area of the first rotating sprocket or in the area of the first steering wheel of the transport chain, when the corresponding pin or the discharge of the transport chain around the revolving sprocket is led upwards.

Ovaj klin odn. ispust se tada zahvata srednjim urezom, pri čemu je već za to vreme, linearni pogonski mehanizam spustio svoj ispust i vratio se nazad na svoj početni položaj pokupivši sledeći nosač koji nosi dalje. Nosač se tada svojim bočnim stranama vodi duž kliznih vodica odn. U-profila i transportuje kroz peć, pri čemu ga gura ispust na transportnom lancu. This wedge or the outlet is then engaged by the intermediate notch, during which time the linear drive mechanism has lowered its outlet and returned to its initial position picking up the next carrier that carries it on. The carrier is then guided by its sides along the sliding guides or. U-profile and transports it through the furnace, where it is pushed by the outlet on the transport chain.

Na kraju transportnog lanca ispust na lancu izlazi iz ureza na nosaču, pri čemu, po mogućstvu i u isto vreme, klin zahvata u treći prednji urez na ploči u smeru transporta, i linearnim pogonskim mehanizmom izvlači nosač iz peći. U ovom postupku nosač je i dalje vođen U-profilima odn. bočnim kliznim vodicama i na isti način se upravlja zastorima na izlazu iz peći isto kao i na ulazu. At the end of the transport chain, the outlet on the chain comes out of the notch on the carrier, where, preferably at the same time, the wedge engages in the third front notch on the plate in the direction of transport, and pulls the carrier out of the furnace with a linear drive mechanism. In this procedure, the carrier is still guided by U-profiles or lateral sliding guides and curtains are managed in the same way at the exit from the furnace as at the entrance.

Naravno da je moguće da se za zatvaranje peći koriste samo jedna vrata. Linearni pogonski mehanizmi na početku i na kraju peći su sposobni da veoma ubrzaju kretanje nosača i komponente koje se nalazi na nosaču i da ih velikom brzinom izvedu iz peći. Of course, it is possible to use only one door to close the furnace. Linear drive mechanisms at the beginning and end of the furnace are able to greatly accelerate the movement of the carrier and the component on the carrier and to take them out of the furnace at high speed.

Time što se nosači u tačnom položaju i tačno pozicionirani vode U-profilima ili kliznim vodicama, i što transportni klin, odn. ispust linearnog pogonskog mehanizma, ali i transportnog lanca, tačno određuju poziciju tokom prolaska, nosač i komponente izlaze iz peći tačno pozicionirani. Čim nosač i komponente izađu iz peći, komponente se mogu preuzeti i odvesti u presu. Nosači se skidaju sa odgovarajuće klizne vodice i automatski vraćaju iznad ili ispod peći do ulaza u peć gde se ponovo postavlju u klizne vodice i transportuju pomoću linearnog pogonskog mehanizma. By the fact that the supports in the correct position and correctly positioned are guided by U-profiles or sliding guides, and that the transport wedge, or. the output of the linear drive mechanism, but also of the transport chain, accurately determine the position during the passage, the carrier and components leave the furnace precisely positioned. As soon as the carrier and components leave the furnace, the components can be picked up and taken to the press. The carriers are removed from the appropriate slide guide and automatically returned above or below the furnace to the furnace entrance where they are placed back into the slide guide and transported by a linear drive mechanism.

Umesto jednog transportnog lanca moguće je upotrebiti i dva transportna lanca paralelna jedan drugom, a koji imaju sinhronizovani pogonski mehanizam. U ovom slučaju prednost je što odgovarajući linearni pogonski mehanizam može da se kreće između lanaca da bi predao ili preuzeo nosač. Sredstva za zahvatanje, kao što su napr. Ispupčenja, kreću se paralelno jedan u odnosu na drugi na svakom od lanaca, tako da postoje dva sredstva za zahvatanje, koja sa obeju strana hvataju srednji deo na nosaču odn. odgovarajuća sredstva za zahvatanje. Poželjno je da linearni pogonski mehanizmi zahvataju jedno sredstvo za zahvatanje u srednjoj oblasti nosača između sredstava za zahvatanje ispupčenja na lancu. Instead of one conveyor chain, it is possible to use two conveyor chains parallel to each other, which have a synchronized drive mechanism. In this case the advantage is that a suitable linear drive mechanism can move between the chains to deliver or retrieve the carrier. Means of capture, such as e.g. The protrusions move parallel to each other on each of the chains, so that there are two gripping means, which on both sides grip the middle part on the support or. appropriate means of capture. Preferably, the linear drive mechanisms engage one engagement means in the middle region of the carrier between the protrusion engagement means on the chain.

Iako i kod ovog uređajem prema pronalasku nosači takodje izlaze iz peći i ponovo se uvode u peć, transportnim sistemom u skladu sa pronalasdkom zagreva se samo deo nosača, tako da su gubici toplote značajno manji nego u stanju tehnike. Although with this device according to the invention the supports also leave the furnace and are re-introduced into the furnace, the transport system according to the invention only heats a part of the supports, so the heat losses are significantly lower than in the state of the art.

Ovde će biti objašnjen pronalazak sa jednim transportnim lancem, jednim prorezom i jednom jedinom postavljenom komponentom. Međutim, isto tako je moguće da se dva ili više transportnih lanaca kreću ispod peći i da se za svaki transportni lanac predvidi prorez. Na ovaj načinje moguće transportovanje odgovarajućeg većeg broja komponenti kroz peć i njihovo konačno presovanje. Sa druge strane je isto tako moguće da se sinhronizuje kretanje transportnih lanaca i linearnih pogonskih mehanizama, i da se na primer, jedna veća komponenta postavi na dva ili više nosača i vodi kroz peć. Herein, an invention with one conveyor chain, one slot, and one single mounted component will be explained. However, it is also possible for two or more conveyor chains to move under the furnace and to provide a slot for each conveyor chain. In this way, it is possible to transport a correspondingly larger number of components through the furnace and their final pressing. On the other hand, it is also possible to synchronize the movement of transport chains and linear drive mechanisms, and to place, for example, one larger component on two or more supports and guide it through the furnace.

Pored opisanog sistema transporta mogući su svakako i drugi sistemi transporta. Tako se transportni lanac ispod nosača može zahvatiti odgovarajućim urezima i na bočnim oblastima nosača bliskim transporteru ili kliznim vodicama odn. U-profilima. Za ovu svrhu nosač ima napr. samo jedan urez, podužno u srednjem delu za oba linearna pogonska mehanizma. U ovom izvođenju je dodatno takođe moguće, da se umesto jednog lanca sa dva ispusta, odn. klina, postavljena paralelno i poprečno u odnosu na pravac transporta, upotrebe dva transportna lanca, čije je kretanje sinhronizovano, tako da se linearni pogonski mehaniza može preneti u oblast između dva obrtna lančanika, odn. usmeravajuća točka, da bi se ostvarilo sigurno prenošenje. In addition to the described transport system, other transport systems are certainly possible. Thus, the conveyor chain under the carrier can be captured by appropriate notches and on the side areas of the carrier close to the conveyor or sliding guides or. U-profiles. For this purpose, the carrier has e.g. only one notch, longitudinally in the middle part for both linear drive mechanisms. In this version, it is also possible, instead of one chain with two outlets, or wedge, placed parallel and transverse to the direction of transport, the use of two transport chains, the movement of which is synchronized, so that the linear drive mechanism can be transferred to the area between two rotating sprockets, or guiding point, in order to achieve a safe transfer.

Osim toga, moguće je, da pločasti oblici nosača imaju bočno ispuste preko U-profila koje klinovi ili ispusti na lancu dolazeći zahvataju. Za ovo su vodice u bočnim oblastima pločastih komponenata izvedene bilo kao U-profili sa otvorenim dnom ili samo kao potporna šina oblika L-profila, koja sa nagore isturenom ivicom osigurava bočno vođenje ploče, ali pritom ne preklapa ploču sa gornje strane. In addition, it is possible that the plate forms of the supports have lateral outlets over the U-profile that the pins or outlets on the chain engage when coming. For this, the guides in the side areas of the plate components are made either as U-profiles with an open bottom or only as a support rail in the form of an L-profile, which with an upwardly protruding edge ensures the lateral guidance of the plate, but does not overlap the plate from the top.

Takođe je moguće, da klinovi transportnog lanca, koji pomeraju pločaste komponente ispod peći, ne zahvate bočne ispuste sa zadnje strane ili zahvate ureze na donjoj strani, ali se uglavnom izdižu iza zadnje poprečne ivice ploče, zahvataju poprečnu ivicu pozadi i tako guraju ploču kroz peć. Ukoliko zbog tehničkog održavanja, bude potrebno kretanje transportnih ploča unatrag, to neće biti problem, pošto će klinovi povratnog lanca tada hvatati na prednjoj poprečnoj ivici. It is also possible that the pins of the conveyor chain, which move the plate components under the furnace, do not engage the side outlets on the back side or engage the notches on the bottom side, but generally rise behind the rear transverse edge of the plate, engage the transverse edge at the rear and thus push the plate through the furnace. If, due to technical maintenance, it is necessary to move the transport plates backwards, this will not be a problem, since the pins of the return chain will then catch on the front transverse edge.

S druge strane, za uređaj prema pronalasku je jedino važno da se nosači transportuju kroz peć pomoću linearnog pogonskog mehanizma relativno velikom brzinom na poziciono tačan način, i da se poziciono tačno transportuju kroz peć pomoću odgovarajućeg transportnog uređaja, i da se na kraju transportuju iz peći velikom brzinom i poziciono tačno, i da su poziciono tačno raspoređeni u prenosnoj stanici. Osim toga, ceo transportni uređaj je raspoređen u nekritičnom temperaturnom opsegu. On the other hand, for the device according to the invention, it is only important that the carriers are transported through the furnace by means of a linear drive mechanism at relatively high speed in a positionally accurate manner, and that they are transported positionally accurately through the furnace by means of a suitable transport device, and that they are finally transported out of the furnace at high speed and positionally accurately, and that they are positioned positionally accurately arranged in the transfer station. In addition, the entire transport device is arranged in a non-critical temperature range.

Dodatno, prednost u vezi sa pronalaskom je ta što transportni sistem nije raspoređen unutar peći, nego ispod dna peći, i da se samo mali nosač, koji prima komponente, ulazi kroz prorez u peć, dok se ostatak nosača vodi izvan peći. Additionally, an advantage of the invention is that the transport system is not arranged inside the furnace, but under the bottom of the furnace, and that only a small carrier, which receives the components, enters the furnace through the slot, while the rest of the carrier is led outside the furnace.

Linearni pogonski mehanizmi mogu biti uobičajeni pogoni sa vretenom, pneumatski pogoni ili hidraulični pogoni. Odlučujuće za primenu u pronalasku je upravljanje pozicijom i putanjom. Zbog toga, u vezi sa sredstvima za zahvatanje, linearni pogonski mehanizmi mogu imati stezače na svojim krajevima, koji zahvataju nosač na jednoj bočnoj ivici. Linear actuators can be conventional spindle actuators, pneumatic actuators or hydraulic actuators. Critical to the application of the invention is position and trajectory management. Therefore, in connection with the gripping means, the linear drive mechanisms may have clamps at their ends, which grip the carrier at one side edge.

Klinovi odnosno ispusti na transportnom lancu su raspoređeni na rastojanjima od 200 mm, na primer, ali moguć je i svaki drugi proizvoljni razmak u smeru transporta , koji je moguće podesiti na odgovarajućem nosaču. The wedges or outlets on the transport chain are arranged at distances of 200 mm, for example, but any other arbitrary distance in the direction of transport is also possible, which can be adjusted on the corresponding support.

U skladu sa pronalaskom, naravno da je moguće, umesto lanaca koristiti zupčaste kaiševe, klinaste kaiševe ili sve druge poznate tipove kaiševa. According to the invention, it is of course possible to use toothed belts, V-belts or all other known types of belts instead of chains.

Umesto lanaca, kaiševa ili sličnih pogona koji se vode vučenjem preko gornjeg i donjeg kotura razumljivo i poželjno je da se postupak transporta u oblasti dna peći odvija pomoću pogona vretenom, pneumatskog ili hidrauličnog pogona. Instead of chains, belts or similar drives that are guided by pulling over the upper and lower rollers, it is understandable and preferable that the transport process in the area of the bottom of the furnace takes place using a spindle drive, pneumatic or hydraulic drive.

Naravno daje takođe moguće koristiti samo jedan linearni pogonski mehanizam., koji transportuje različitim brzinama u različitim oblastima peći. Ovo je moguće naročito u vezi sa jedinicama u kojima će se zagrevati oblikovani delovi kojima je zagrevanje bilo naročito brzo zbog induktivnog grejanja ili u kojima se ne zahteva delovanje na naročito veliki broj komada, ili koji se veoma brzo zagrevaju zbog njihovih malih veličina. Of course, it is also possible to use only one linear drive mechanism, which transports at different speeds in different areas of the furnace. This is possible especially in connection with units in which molded parts will be heated, the heating of which was particularly fast due to inductive heating, or in which it is not required to act on a particularly large number of pieces, or which heat up very quickly due to their small size.

Takvo brzo vreme postavljanja i uklanjanja nosača odn. komponenata ne može biti ostvareno u pećima sa valjciam na dnu iz stanja tehnike. S jedne strane je isključeno postizanje brzog punjenja peći sa valjcima na dnu, jer valjci transportera imaju veoma nisku otpornost trenja da bi se ostvarilo ubrzanje. S druge strane nije moguće ostvariti različite brzine valjaka u transportnim uređajima sa valjcima, jer bi se u tim slučajevima komponente koje se njima prenose nekontrolisano pomerale u oblastima gde komponenta prelazi sa valjaka koji se brzo okreću na valjke sa sporijim obrtanjem. Isto će se dešavati i na mestima gde se sa sporijih valjaka prelazi na valjke koji se brže okreću. U principu, potrebno je u ponovo naglasiti da u pećima sa valjcima nije moguće ostvariti tačno pozicioni i tačno uležišteni transport. Međutim takav transport koji će biti tačan u pogledu položaja i uležištenja komponente, a prema pronalasku je takođe potrebno ostvariti, jer se komponente uobičajeno preuzimaju sa drugog transportnog uređaja pomoću robota. Ovde je prednost ta, što je u servo-upravljanom linearnom pogonskom mehanizmu moguće na jednostavan način ostvariti upravljačku vezu između linearnog pogonskog mehanizma ili položaja komponente, i robota, tako da „leteće" uklanjanje lako ostvarljivo pomoću robota. Such a quick installation and removal time of the carrier or. of components cannot be realized in furnaces with rollers on the bottom from the state of the art. On the one hand, it is impossible to achieve fast filling of the furnace with rollers on the bottom, because the conveyor rollers have very low frictional resistance to achieve acceleration. On the other hand, it is not possible to achieve different speeds of the rollers in transport devices with rollers, because in those cases the components transported by them would move uncontrollably in the areas where the component passes from the rollers that rotate quickly to the rollers with slower rotation. The same will happen in places where you switch from slower rollers to faster rotating rollers. In principle, it is necessary to emphasize once again that in furnaces with rollers it is not possible to achieve precisely positioned and precisely positioned transport. However, such a transport that will be accurate in terms of the position and placement of the component, and according to the invention, it is also necessary to realize, because the components are usually picked up from another transport device by a robot. The advantage here is that in a servo-controlled linear drive mechanism, it is possible to achieve a control connection between the linear drive mechanism or the position of the component, and the robot in a simple way, so that "flying" removal is easily achieved by the robot.

Nasuprot pećima sa valjcima, koje su ograničene širine, peći u skladu sa pronalaskom mogu imati proizvoljne širine. Zbog toga je ovde moguće obezbediti bilo koji broj proreza ili predvideti prilaze odozdo odn. otvore za pristup unutrašnjosti peći za servisne potrebe. Contrary to roller furnaces, which are limited in width, furnaces according to the invention can have arbitrary widths. That is why it is possible to provide any number of slots here or provide access from below or. openings for access to the interior of the furnace for service purposes.

Kratak opis slika nacrta Brief description of the draft images

Uređaj prema pronalasku je opisan na primeru izvođenja, koji je prikazan na nacrtu, gde slike prikazuju: Slika 1 šematski prikaz uređaja prema pronalasku u delimičnom preseku u izgledu sa strane; Slika 2 šematski prikaz transportnog uređaja prema pronalasku u izgledu odozgo; The device according to the invention is described on the example of execution, which is shown in the drawing, where the figures show: Figure 1 schematic representation of the device according to the invention in partial section in side view; Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the transport device according to the invention;

Slika 3 šematski prikaz uređaja prema pronalasku u prenosnoj oblasti između prvog Figure 3 schematic representation of the device according to the invention in the transmission area between the first

transportnog uređaja i drugog transportnog uređaja; transport device and other transport device;

Slika 4 šematski prikaz nosača komponenti u skladu sa pronalaskom u izgledu odozdo; Figure 4 is a schematic view of a component carrier according to the invention in a bottom view;

Slika 5 prikazuje podužni presek kroz nosač komponenti u oblasti sredtsva za zahvatanje sa Fig. 5 shows a longitudinal section through the component carrier in the region of the means of engagement with

odgovarajućim sredstvima za zahvatanje linearnog pogonskog mehanizma; with appropriate means for engaging the linear drive mechanism;

Slika 6 prikazuje nosač sa slike 5 u daljem izgledu u delimičnom preseku gde se vidi sredstvo za zahvatanje sa odgovarajućim sredstvom za zahvatanje lančanog ili kaišnog pogona. Fig. 6 shows the support of Fig. 5 in a further view in partial section showing the engagement means with the corresponding means for engaging the chain or belt drive.

Uređaj 1 prema pronalasku za zagrevanje komponenti 2 obuhvata prolaznu peć 3 sa transportnim uređajem 4. Peć 3 ima ulaz u peć 5, oblast zagrevanja 6, kao i izlaz iz peći 7. Ulaz u peć 5 i izlaz iz peći 7 su odvojene od oblasti zagrevanja 6 dgovarajućim pregradnim zastorima 8, 9. Dodatno, ulaz u peć 5 i izlaz iz peći 7 su od atmosfere odvojeni sa po jednim vratima 10,11. The device 1 according to the invention for heating the components 2 includes a pass-through furnace 3 with a transport device 4. The furnace 3 has an entrance to the furnace 5, a heating area 6, as well as an exit from the furnace 7. The entrance to the furnace 5 and the exit from the furnace 7 are separated from the heating area 6 by appropriate partitions 8, 9. Additionally, the entrance to the furnace 5 and the exit from the furnace 7 are separated from the atmosphere by one door 10, 11 each.

Alternativno mogu biti predviđena samo vrata 10,11 peći ili samo pregradni zastori 8, 9. Alternatively, only oven doors 10, 11 or only partition curtains 8, 9 can be provided.

Ispod peći 3 smešten je transportni uređaj 4. Transportni uređaj 4 obuhvata najmanje jedan kaišni ili lančani transportni uređaj 12 kao prvi transportni uređaj, smešten ispod peći 3 i ispod oblasti zagrevanja 6. Kaišni ili lančani transportni uređaj 12 ima najmanje jedan lanac 12a odnosno kaiš 12a sa gornjim delom 13 i donjim delom 14, pri čemu se gornji deo 13 i donji deo 14 vode preko odgovarajućih kaišnika odn. zupčastih ili lančanih točkova 15, 16. Kaišni ili lančani transportni uređaj 12 ima naročito dva paralelna lanca odn. kaiša 12a, 12b koji su raspoređeni paralelno jedan u odnosu na drugi, pri čemu su za svaki lanac 12a, 12b predviđeni po jedan donji deo 13a, 13b, i gornji deo 14a, 14b. Odgovarajući zupčanici i/ili kaišnici 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b su poželjno spregnuti na zajedničko pogonsko vratilo 17 (Slika 3) i učvršćeni protiv relativnog obrtanja. Gornji delovi 13a, 13b lanaca ili kaiševa 12a, 12b i donji delovi 14a, 14b lanaca ili kaiševa 12a, 12b sami po sebi poseduju transportna izbočenja 18 izvedena u obliku klinova, ispusta, usmerenih ka spoljašnjosti tj. od točkova 15, 16. Ova transportna izbočenja 18 izvedena u obliku klinova i ispusta usmereni su ka spoljašnjosti od lanaca 12, ili kaiševa 12 i koriste se kao sredstva za zahvatanje. A transport device 4 is placed under the furnace 3. The transport device 4 includes at least one belt or chain transport device 12 as the first transport device, located under the furnace 3 and under the heating area 6. The belt or chain transport device 12 has at least one chain 12a or belt 12a with an upper part 13 and a lower part 14, whereby the upper part 13 and the lower part 14 are guided via the respective belts or toothed or chain wheels 15, 16. The belt or chain transport device 12 has in particular two parallel chains or belts 12a, 12b which are arranged parallel to each other, whereby for each chain 12a, 12b one lower part 13a, 13b, and one upper part 14a, 14b are provided. The respective gears and/or belts 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b are preferably coupled to the common drive shaft 17 (Figure 3) and secured against relative rotation. The upper parts 13a, 13b of the chains or belts 12a, 12b and the lower parts 14a, 14b of the chains or belts 12a, 12b themselves have transport protrusions 18 made in the form of wedges, outlets, directed towards the outside, i.e. from the wheels 15, 16. These transport protrusions 18 made in the form of wedges and outlets are directed towards the outside of the chains 12, or belts 12 and are used as means of engagement.

Dalje je predviđen najmanje jedan linearni transportni uređaj 20 kao drugi transportni uređaj. Linearni transportni uređaj 20 je linearni pogonski mehanizam koji se može pomerati hidraulično, pneumatski, elektromagnetno, ili pomoću pogona vretenom. Smer pomeranja (strelica 21) linearnog pogonskog mehanizma 20 pruža se paralelno u odnosu na smer 22 pomeranja unapred transportnog uređaja 4, pri čemu se tokom rada transportni uređaj 4 kreće samo u jednom smeru, dok je kretanje linearnog pogonskog mehanizma 20, odn. linearnog transportnog uredjaj a 20 u oba smera. Furthermore, at least one linear transport device 20 is provided as a second transport device. The linear transport device 20 is a linear drive mechanism that can be moved hydraulically, pneumatically, electromagnetically, or by means of a spindle drive. The direction of movement (arrow 21) of the linear drive mechanism 20 is parallel to the forward movement direction 22 of the transport device 4, whereby during operation the transport device 4 moves in only one direction, while the movement of the linear drive mechanism 20, or of linear transport device a 20 in both directions.

Linearni pogonski mehanizam 20 ima izbočenje ili klin 24 koji je pomerljiv u istom smeru kao i transportno izbočenje 18 i raspoređen je na linearni transportni uredjaj 20 tako da se može izvlačiti i uvlačiti. Linearni pogonski mehanizam 20 se može pomerati iznad vratila 17 i između dva lanca 12a, 12b, odn. kaiševa 12a, 12b ili kaišnika 16a, 16b. The linear drive mechanism 20 has a projection or pin 24 which is movable in the same direction as the transport projection 18 and is arranged on the linear transport device 20 so that it can be extended and retracted. The linear drive mechanism 20 can be moved above the shaft 17 and between the two chains 12a, 12b, respectively. belts 12a, 12b or belts 16a, 16b.

Naspram prvog linearnog pogonskog mehanizma 20 može biti predviđen drugi identično ostvareni linearni pogonski mehanizam 25 kao treći transportni uređaj. U ovom slučaju je linearni pogonski mehanizam 20 poželjno postavljen ispod oblasti izlaza iz peći 7, a linearni pogonski mehanizam 25 ispod oblasti ulaza u peć 5. Linearni pogonski mehanizmi 20,25 su poželjno pogonjeni pomoću servo motora. Opposite the first linear drive mechanism 20, a second identically implemented linear drive mechanism 25 can be provided as a third transport device. In this case, the linear drive mechanism 20 is preferably placed under the furnace exit area 7, and the linear drive mechanism 25 under the furnace entrance area 5. The linear drive mechanisms 20, 25 are preferably driven by a servo motor.

Da bi se kroz peć 3 transportovale komponente koje treba da se kale, predvidjeni su nosači 30. Nosači 30 imaju ravno, pločasto podnožje 31, koje ima prednju ivicu 32 posmatrano u smeru kretanja, zadnju ivicu 33, kao i levu i desnu bočnu ivicu 34. Podnožje 31 ima donju stranu 35 i gornju stranu 36. Centralno u sredini gornje strane 36 podnožja 31 postavljen noseći stub 37. Noseći stub 37 se pruža od podnožja 31. In order to transport the components to be hardened through the furnace 3, supports 30 are provided. The supports 30 have a flat, plate base 31, which has a front edge 32 viewed in the direction of movement, a rear edge 33, as well as left and right side edges 34. The base 31 has a lower side 35 and an upper side 36. Centrally in the middle of the upper side 36 of the base 31 placed supporting column 37. The supporting column 37 extends from the base 31.

Podnožje 31 se vodi pomoću podužnih ivica 34 koje su obuhvaćene kliznim vodicama 40 koje se pružaju od ulaza u peć pa sve do izlaza iz peći. Klizne vodice 40 se pružaju iznad transportnih uređaja 4, 20,25 i ispod dna peći 41 i vode podnožje 31 kako u vertikalnom tako i u horizontalno poprečnom smeru u odnosu na smer kretanja 22. Na svojim bočnim ivicama 34 noseći element može imati noseće valjke, koji su obrtno uležišteni oko ose, koja se pruža paralelno sa površinom ploče i kotrljajući se vodi u kliznim vodicama. Dalje se mogu predvideti vođični valjci ili kuglice, koje su obrtno uležišteni na osu, vertikalnu u odnosu na površinu ploče, i koje deluju na vođenje poprečno u odnosu na smer transportovanja. The base 31 is guided by means of longitudinal edges 34, which are covered by sliding guides 40, which extend from the entrance to the furnace all the way to the exit from the furnace. The sliding guides 40 extend above the transport devices 4, 20, 25 and below the bottom of the furnace 41 and guide the base 31 both vertically and horizontally in the transverse direction in relation to the direction of movement 22. On its side edges 34, the supporting element can have bearing rollers, which are rotatably mounted around an axis that extends parallel to the surface of the plate and is guided by rolling in the sliding guides. Furthermore, guide rollers or balls can be provided, which are rotatably mounted on an axis, vertical in relation to the surface of the plate, and which act to guide transversely in relation to the direction of transport.

U dnu peći 41 predviđen je prorez 42 koji je napravljen ćelom dužinom od ulaza u peć do izlaza iz peći. Kroz prorez 42 se vodi noseći stub 37, koji se jednim delom pruža u unutrašnji prostor peći 6. Na jednom slobodnom kraju proreza 42 predviđen je držač 43 radnog komada 2 odnosno komponente 2 koja će se zagrevati. Izvođenje proreza 42 je što je moguće uže, ali sa dovoljnim rastojanjem od nosećeg stuba 37. In the bottom of the furnace 41, a slot 42 is provided, which is made along the entire length from the entrance to the furnace to the exit from the furnace. A support column 37 is guided through the slot 42, which partly extends into the inner space of the furnace 6. At one free end of the slot 42, a holder 43 of the workpiece 2, i.e. the component 2 that will be heated, is provided. The design of the slot 42 is as narrow as possible, but with a sufficient distance from the supporting column 37.

Nosač 30 za transport u smeru prolaska kroz peć 22 izveden je pomoću uređaja 4, 20, 25. U tom cilju podnožje 31 ima na svojoj donjoj strani 35 sredstva za zahvatanje 50, koja deluju zajedno sa odgovarajućim sredstvom za zahvatanje na lancu (lanacima) 12 odn. kaiševima 12 transportnog uređaja 4 Osim toga, podnožje ima sa donje strane sredstva za zahvatanje 51 koja su u sadejstvu sa odgovarajućim sredstvima za zahvatanje na linearnim pogonskim mehanizmima 20, 25. The support 30 for transport in the direction of passing through the furnace 22 is made by means of devices 4, 20, 25. To this end, the base 31 has on its lower side 35 gripping means 50, which act together with the corresponding means for gripping the chain (chains) 12 or. belts 12 of the transport device 4 In addition, the base has on the lower side gripping means 51 which are in cooperation with the corresponding gripping means on the linear drive mechanisms 20, 25.

Međutim, ukoliko se radi o sredstvima za zahvatanje na transportnom uređaju 4, koja su smeštena na lancu i izvedena u obliku izbočenja, klinova ili ispusta 18, tada su sredstva za zahvatanje 50 oblikovana kao paralelni žlebovi, čiji razmak odgovara razmaku izbočenja 18 na transpotnom uređaja 4, koji se podužno paralelnom kreću u smeru 22 kretanja kroz peć. Žlebovi 50 su otvoreni na zadnjoj čeonoj strani 33 podnožja 31, dok su u blizini prednje ivice 32 zatvoreni dnom 52 žleba. However, if it is about means of capture on the transport device 4, which are located on the chain and made in the form of protrusions, wedges or outlets 18, then the means of capture 50 are shaped as parallel grooves, the distance of which corresponds to the distance of the protrusions 18 on the transport device 4, which move longitudinally parallel in the direction 22 of movement through the furnace. The grooves 50 are open on the rear front side 33 of the base 31, while near the front edge 32 they are closed by the bottom 52 of the groove.

Ukoliko je sredstvo za zahvatanje na linearnim pogonskim mehanizmima istureno, uvlačivo izbočenje odn. ispust 24, onda je odgovarajuće sredstvo za zahvatanje na donjoj strani 35 podnožja 31 profilisani urez 51. If the gripping device on the linear drive mechanisms is pushed out, the retractable projection or outlet 24, then the corresponding gripping means on the lower side 35 of the base 31 is a profiled notch 51.

Da bi se ostvarilo tačno i precizno pozicioniranje, poželjno je (Slika 5) da je urez 51 izveden, na primer, konusno odn. u obliku zarubljenog konusa i da odgovarajuće izbočenje 24 na linearnom pogonskom mehanizmu 20, 25 ima odgovarajući oblik, tako da izlazeći izbočenje 24 ulazi u profilisani urez 51, tako da se zahvaljujući nagibu zidova zatupastog konusa 53 ostvaruje ne samo celovost oblika već se postiže i pozicioniranje. In order to achieve accurate and precise positioning, it is preferable (Figure 5) that the notch 51 is made, for example, conical or in the form of a hemmed cone and that the corresponding protrusion 24 on the linear drive mechanism 20, 25 has the appropriate shape, so that the protruding protrusion 24 enters the profiled notch 51, so that thanks to the slope of the walls of the blunt cone 53, not only the completeness of the shape is achieved, but also positioning is achieved.

U daljem tekstu je opisan način rada uređaja prema pronalasku. In the following text, the method of operation of the device according to the invention is described.

Pre ulaza u peć 5 nosač 30 će svojim podnožjem 31 biti postavljeni u šine kliznih vodica 40. Na slobodnom kraju 42 nosećeg stuba 37 se montira - ukoliko već nije opremljen time - noseći element 43 za komponentu 2. Zatim se komponenta 2 postavlja u tačnom položaju. Ukoliko se kod komponente 2 radi o predhodno oblikovanoj komponenti 2 noseći element 43 može biti tako napravljen da obuhvata određene linije konture komponente 2 ili da ima odgovarajuće klinove kojima će, na primer, zahvatati prethodno napravljene otvore. Before entering the furnace 5, the support 30 will be placed with its base 31 in the rails of the sliding guides 40. On the free end 42 of the supporting column 37, the supporting element 43 for component 2 is mounted - if it is not already equipped with it - then component 2 is placed in the correct position. If the component 2 is a pre-formed component 2, the supporting element 43 can be made in such a way that it covers certain lines of the contour of the component 2 or has appropriate wedges, which will, for example, engage previously made openings.

Nakon toga, linearni pogonski mehanizam 25 se kreće sa izbočenjem ispod ureza 51 podnožje 31 nosača 30. Izbočenje 24 se hidraulično, pneumatski ili elektromagnetski uvodi u otvor odn. sredstvo za zahvatanje 51. Zatim, linearni pogonski mehanizam 25 pomera nosač 30 sa komponentom 2 kroz moguće predviđena prva vrata peći 10, kroz zonu ulaza u peć 5, i kroz druga vrata, ako su predviđena, koja razdvajaju zonu ulaza u peć 5 od oblasti 6 zagrevanja. After that, the linear drive mechanism 25 moves with the protrusion under the notch 51 of the base 31 of the support 30. The protrusion 24 is hydraulically, pneumatically or electromagnetically introduced into the opening or. gripping means 51. Next, the linear drive mechanism 25 moves the carrier 30 with the component 2 through the possibly provided first furnace door 10, through the furnace entrance zone 5, and through the second door, if provided, which separates the furnace entrance zone 5 from the heating area 6.

Kretanje tj. vožnja se završava kada se linearni pogonski mehanizam 25 sa izbočenjem 24 nađe u oblasti lančanika 16a, 16b, odnosno kaišnika 16a, 16b iznad ose 17. Izbočenje 24 linearnog pogonskog mehanizma 25 se sada spuštaju nadole, tako da linearni pogonski mehanizam može ponovo da izađe iz ovih oblasti ispred peći. Ovde, na isti način, on transportuje sledeći nosač 30. Time što su predvidjeni žlebovi, omogućena je takođe primena nosača koji su duži od podužnog rastojanja između susednih izbočenja 18. Movement ie. the drive ends when the linear drive mechanism 25 with the protrusion 24 is in the area of the sprockets 16a, 16b, i.e. the belt 16a, 16b above the axis 17. The protrusions 24 of the linear drive mechanism 25 are now lowered, so that the linear drive mechanism can again exit these areas in front of the furnace. Here, in the same way, it transports the next support 30. By providing grooves, it is also possible to use supports that are longer than the longitudinal distance between adjacent protrusions 18.

Nosač 30 koji se nalazi u oblasti zupčanika 15a, 15b se sada dalje vodi tako što se izbočenja 18 klizeći po spoljašnjem obodu transportnog uređaja 4 odn. gornjeg dela 13 lanca ili kaiša i prateći kretanje zupčanika 15, 16 penje na točak 15 i sa zadnje strane ulazi u žleb 50. U trenutku kada izbočenja 18 nalegnu na zidove odn. dno 52 žleba, lanac transportuje nosač kroz zonu zagrevanja 6. Time što su predvidjeni žlebovi, omogućena je takođe primena nosača 30 koji su duži od podužnog rastojanja između susednih izbočenja. The carrier 30 located in the area of the gears 15a, 15b is now further guided by the protrusions 18 sliding along the outer rim of the transport device 4 or. of the upper part 13 of the chain or belt and following the movement of the gears 15, 16 climbs on the wheel 15 and enters the groove 50 from the rear. At the moment when the projections 18 rest on the walls or bottom 52 of the groove, the chain transports the carrier through the heating zone 6. By providing grooves, it is also possible to use carriers 30 that are longer than the longitudinal distance between adjacent protrusions.

Predviđanjem ureza koji su duži od podužnog rastojanja između bliskih sredstava za zahvatanje (transportnih izbočenja 18), mogu se koristiti nosači 30 koji su duži od podužnog rastojanja bliskih sredstava za zahvatanje (transportnih izbočenja 18). By providing notches that are longer than the longitudinal distance between the close engagement means (transport protrusions 18), supports 30 can be used that are longer than the longitudinal distance of the close engagement means (transport protrusions 18).

Poželjno je da su radni ciklusi pomeranja linearnog pogonskog mehanizma i lančanih odn. kaišnih pogona sinhronizovani. Ovo znači, da prvi linearni pogonski mehanizam transportuje velikom brzinom, da u oblasti prenosa blago usporava, i da zatim transportuje na takav način da se izbočenja lančanog ili kaišnog pogona bez trzaja zahvataju i dalje transportuju. Znači, linearni pogonski mehanizam radi na kratkom rastojanju brzinom pomeranja sve dok se ne izvrši zahvatanje. Na mestu prenosa linearni pogonski mehanizam se, adekvatno postupku, kreće brzinom lanca, zahvata nosač i povećava brzinu transportovanja, dok se izbočenja na lančanom pogonu kreću naniže. It is desirable that the operating cycles of the displacement of the linear drive mechanism and the chain resp. synchronized belt drives. This means that the first linear drive mechanism transports at high speed, slows down slightly in the transmission area, and then transports in such a way that the spurs of the chain or belt drive are gripped without jerks and transported further. That is, the linear drive mechanism operates over a short distance at a travel speed until engagement is achieved. At the point of transmission, the linear drive mechanism moves at the speed of the chain, engages the carrier and increases the transport speed, while the protrusions on the chain drive move downwards.

Na kraju zone zagrevanja 6 linearni pogonski mehanizam 20 već čeka na nosač 30, pri čemu izbočenje 24 na linearnom pogonskom mehanizmu 20, u trenutku kada da se nosač 30 nađe iznad njih ulazi u urez 51. Ovo se poželjno dešava i na tački zakretanja odgovarajućeg lanca 12 odn kaiša 12, tako da izbočenja izlaze iz žleba 50 dok izbočenja 24 na nosaču 30 ulaze u urez 51. Linearni pogonski mehanizam 20 može sada da iz oblasti zagrevanja 6 iznese nosač 30 kroz pregradna vrata 9, kroz izlaz iz peći 7 i da kroz druga vrata 11 u tačno određenoj poziciji. At the end of the heating zone 6, the linear drive mechanism 20 is already waiting for the carrier 30, whereby the protrusion 24 on the linear drive mechanism 20, at the moment when the carrier 30 is above them, enters the notch 51. This also preferably happens at the pivot point of the corresponding chain 12 or the belt 12, so that the protrusions exit the groove 50 while the protrusions 24 on the carrier 30 enter into the notch 51. The linear drive mechanism 20 can now take the carrier 30 out of the heating area 6 through the partition door 9, through the exit from the furnace 7 and through the second door 11 in a precisely determined position.

Brzine transporte-vanja linearnih pogonskih mehanizama 20, 25 mogu biti znatno veće od brzine transportovanja kojom se kreće transportni uređaj 4. Naročito su, na primer, moguće brzine transportovanja od 10 m/sec. Poželjno je da su pregrade 8, 9 i vrata peći 10, 11 tako podešena da pomeranje linearnog pogonskog mehanizma prouzrokuje otvaranje pregrade u odgovarajućem trenutku, a zatim se vrata nakon prolaska nosača odmah zatvaraju. Ovim je moguće ostvariti način rada peći koji je ekonomičan i koji štedi energiju. The transport speeds of the linear drive mechanisms 20, 25 can be significantly higher than the transport speed at which the transport device 4 moves. In particular, for example, transport speeds of 10 m/sec are possible. It is desirable that the partitions 8, 9 and the furnace door 10, 11 are adjusted so that the movement of the linear drive mechanism causes the opening of the partition at the appropriate moment, and then the door closes immediately after the passage of the carrier. With this, it is possible to realize a mode of operation of the furnace that is economical and saves energy.

Za razliku od gore opisanog poželjnog načina izvođenja, transportnim uređajem 4 transport može da počne već u oblasti ulaza u peć 5 i da se završi u oblast izlaza iz peći 7, pri čemu su u tom slučaju između oblasti ulaza u peć 5 i zone zagrevanja 6 i oblasti izlaza iz peći 7 predviđene ili vrata, koja se upravljanjem odgovarajuće otvaraju ili zatvaraju pri prolasku komponenti, ili čak vrata nisu predviđena, već su umesto njih predviđene samo pregrade koje mogu biti izvedene bilo kao odgovarajuće zavese sa toplim ili hladnim vazduhom ili kao usisivači vazduha. In contrast to the preferred method of execution described above, the transport with the transport device 4 can start already in the area of the entrance to the furnace 5 and end in the area of the exit from the furnace 7, in which case between the area of the entrance to the furnace 5 and the heating zone 6 and the area of the exit from the furnace 7, either doors are provided, which can be opened or closed when the components pass through, or even no doors are provided, but instead only partitions are provided that can be performed either as appropriate curtains with warm or cold air or as air cleaners.

Nakon što nosač 30 sa komponentom 2 potpuno izađe iz peći, komponenta će biti preuzeta i data na dalju obradu. Nosač se istovremeno vadi iz šina vodice i preko sopstvenih povratnih uređaja dovedi natrag na ulaz u peći, gde se ponovo postavlja u šine vodica. After the carrier 30 with component 2 has completely exited the furnace, the component will be taken over and given for further processing. The carrier is simultaneously removed from the guide rails and brought back to the furnace entrance via its own return devices, where it is placed again in the guide rails.

Prednost uređaja prema ovom pronalasku je što se noseći element odn. nosač 30 najvećim delom vodi izvan peći. Na taj način se zagrevaju samo manji delovi nosača 30, čime se minimizira gubitak energije usled hlađenja dela nosača. The advantage of the device according to this invention is that the carrying element or the carrier 30 mostly leads outside the furnace. In this way, only smaller parts of the support 30 are heated, which minimizes the loss of energy due to the cooling of the part of the support.

Pošto je celi transportni uređaj postavljen izvan peći, moguće je prići transportnom uređaju u slučaju oštećenja, održavanja, ili slično, i popraviti oštećenje ili izvršiti održavanje a da se pritom ne mora zaustaviti rad peći. I ovo povećava efikasnost i smanjuje potrošnju energije. Since the entire conveying device is placed outside the furnace, it is possible to approach the conveying device in case of damage, maintenance, or the like, and repair the damage or carry out maintenance without having to stop the operation of the furnace. And this increases efficiency and reduces energy consumption.

Odgovarajuća sredstva za zahvatanje transportnih uređaja 4, 20, 21 odn. nosećeg elementa 30 ne moraju biti izbočine ili klinovi, bilo koji od odgovarajućih oblika koji mogu proizvesti kretanje unapred mogu biti pogodni. Iz toga proizilazi da sredstva za zahvatanje ne moraju biti raspoređena u dnu nosećeg elementa. Izbočenja ili slična sredstva transportnih uređaja 4, 20, 25 mogu na isti način da zahvataju prednju ili zadnju poprečnu ivicu nosećeg elementa. Appropriate means for capturing transport devices 4, 20, 21 or. the support element 30 need not be projections or wedges, any suitable shape capable of producing forward movement may be suitable. It follows that the gripping means do not have to be arranged in the bottom of the supporting element. The protrusions or similar means of the transport devices 4, 20, 25 can engage the front or rear transverse edge of the support element in the same way.

Dalja prednost prema pronalasku je i to, što u slučaju da komponenta spadne sa nosećeg elementa i leži na dnu peći, specijalni noseći element sa čistačem oblika štita koji se kreće po dnui koji može biti umetnut u klizne vodice i koji će izgurati komponentu iz peći napolje. A further advantage according to the invention is that, in the event that the component falls from the support element and lies on the bottom of the furnace, a special support element with a shield-shaped cleaner that moves on the bottom and can be inserted into the sliding guides will push the component out of the furnace.

Peć će se prema pronalasku, tako zagrevati da se zagrevanje komponenti vrši na 750°C do 950°C, naročito na 800°C do 930°C. According to the invention, the furnace will be heated in such a way that the components are heated to 750°C to 950°C, especially to 800°C to 930°C.

Claims

1. A device for heating steel components, which includes one furnace 3 for heating steel components and at least one transport device 4 for guiding the components through the furnace 3, characterized in that the transport device (4) includes at least the first transport device (12) which is located in or on the heating zone (6) of the furnace (3) and is made for the transport of components during heating; and which includes a second transport device (20) which is attached to the first transport device (12) and which extends along the length of the furnace (3) in the direction of transport, so that the components can be transported from the furnace (3) by another transport device (20), wherein the transport device (4) is located outside the furnace (3) and via the gripping means (18, 24) can grip the corresponding gripping means (50, 51) on at least one gripping support, which transports outside the furnace (3) in a certain position and position, whereby the carrier (30) passes through the wall of the furnace with one of its parts and has a device (43) for placing the components (2) inside the furnace.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a third transport device (25), which extends from the area in front of the furnace (3) in the direction of transport to the first transport device (12), so that it can transport the components (2) into the furnace (3).

3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one support (30) for the components (2) to be heated in the furnace (3) has a first base (31), which is guided by a sliding guide (40) vertically and horizontally in a transverse direction in relation to the direction of transport from the entrance to the furnace to the exit from the furnace, and that the support (30) is provided with gripping means (51) for the corresponding gripping means (24) on the second and third transport devices (20, 25) and that the gripping means (50) are provided for the corresponding gripping means (18) on the first transport device (12).

4. The device according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that in the bottom wall of the furnace through which the part of the support passes, a slit is provided along the length in the direction of transport, through which the support column (37) of the support (30) passes.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the slot (42) in the wall of the oven is sealed with a suitable sealing agent, so that outside air cannot penetrate into the oven (3), thereby avoiding heat losses through radiation and/or discharge to the outside, wherein the sealing agent consists of plastic sealing strips along the slot, which enter from the edge of the slot into the slot itself, and/or the sealing agent consists of brushes, the fibers of which contain metal and/or ceramics and/or glass and/or plastic materials, are densely placed and enter the slot and/or metal lamellas are provided, parallel to the surface of the bottom of the furnace on which the slot (42) is located, which are vertically placed in relation to the slot (42) and can be pivoted above the slot under the action of a spring, so that the carrier moving through the slot (42) spreads the sealing agent from the area of the slot, and after the passage of the carrier, the sealing agent pulls it back into the slot (42).