RO130408A0 - Process and plant for mechano-biological treatment of urban solid waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process and a plant for treating urban solid waste. The claimed process consists of a stage for manually and mechanically sorting a flow of urban solid waste followed by a stage of biological treatment of the organic matters, comminuted and conditioned by anaerobic fermentation in a digestor and aerobic fermentation on a composting platform. The claimed plant is of superposed type comprising some disc separators (8, 11, 12), with vibration screens (9), ballistic screens (13), magnetic screens (14), eddy-current screens (18), optical screens with ultrared spectrography (15, 19, 20), with rotary screens (21), a cyclone (22), a hydrocyclone (23) for manually and mechanically separating the waste, a comminuting area (24), a a digestor (28) for anaerobic fermentation and a composting platform (31) for aerobic fermentation in the stage of biological treatment.

Description

Process and installation for mechanical-biological treatment of solid urban waste

The invention relates to a process and installation for the mechanical-biological treatment of urban solid waste, intended for the higher recovery of the recyclable materials contained.

By municipal waste we mean all the waste generated in urban and rural areas from households, institutions, commercial units, economic agents (household and similar waste), road waste collected from public spaces, streets, parks, green spaces, as well as construction and demolition waste collected by sanitation operators. In the structure of municipal waste in Romania, the largest share is the domestic waste (about 81%), while the road waste and the construction and demolition waste have about the same weight - 10% and 9% respectively. Over 90% of this waste is disposed of by landfill. Municipal waste management involves collecting, transporting, recovering and disposing of them, including monitoring of landfills after closure.

The urban and industrial development of the localities, as well as the general increase of the standard of living of the population, entails the production of increasing quantities of waste. Due to the variety of organic and inorganic substances contained, they make the process of aerobic and anaerobic degradation by microorganisms difficult to control, causing, in the case of uncontrolled evacuation and storage, pollution of soil, air and water. Ecosystems in the vicinity of these deposits can also be affected, creating great imbalances within the trophic chains.

Waste of any kind, resulting from multiple human activities, is a current problem due both to the continuous increase of the quantities and their types (which by degradation and infestation in the natural environment present a danger for the environment and the health of the population), as well as the significant ones. quantities of raw materials, reusable materials and energy that can be recovered and introduced into the economic circuit.

Municipal waste is a technical problem that can be solved only after the company assumes its important role in separating, reusing, recycling and composting them, and the industry will pay proper attention to the design, so that the products can be reused or recycled.

The amount of municipal waste generated will increase as consumption increases

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goods to the population, this being estimated at 0.8% per year / inhabitant. For the amount of sludge generated by the municipal wastewater treatment plants, the population connected to the water supply and sewerage systems was taken into account, and an average growth of 25% per year of the connected population was forecast, thus increasing the amount of sludge. generated.

For the amount of construction and demolition waste, an average increase of 0.8% per year in terms of generation was also forecast.

Organic waste from the domestic, commercial or industrial fields represents materials with significant energy intensity, which play an increasingly important role in the systems of renewable energy production, taking into account the high share of the biodegradable fraction (about 60%). of the total amount of household waste. In the future, a significant increase in the weight of the biodegradable fraction of waste is expected, as the recycling of the reusable materials increases.

The composition of solid municipal waste in an urban or peri-urban locality is according to Fig. 1.

The composition of urban solid waste in a large urban locality is cf. Fig. 2.

There are currently many ways to dispose of biodegradable municipal waste, with or without energy recovery, of which the most frequently used are the following:

• Advanced thermal treatment / Incineration (pyrolysis and gasification), whereby organic materials are degraded at medium or high temperatures, resulting in a solid material (coal) and synthetic gas, both products requiring disposal;

• Autoclaving, is applied especially to medical waste and is a pre-treatment process for sterilization, before final storage. It consisted of steam treatment of waste in a pressurized enclosure made of steel. A sterile flocon material is obtained;

• Composting is applied to organic waste from gardening and food waste and consists of the decomposition of waste in the presence of aerobic microorganisms. In order to ensure optimum composting conditions, some parameters such as temperature, humidity of the organic mass, concentration of oxygen, porosity of the material, carbon and nitrogen content of the waste must be followed.

• Mechano-biological treatment, which is a process of pre-treatment of waste before disposal or re-processing. The main purpose is the separation of the waste stream into several component parts to give the possibility of recycling and subsequent recovery.

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• Storage is the least accepted method of disposal, considering the large storage spaces required, the impact on the environment (soil, groundwater, air) and the unpleasant odor generated. This method does not involve material recovery.

Considering the necessity of preserving the material resources, the process of the mechanobiological treatment of the waste is required as the most economical and ecological solution for the treatment of the waste

A method and system for recycling municipal solid waste with the exploitation of the recovered fuel from solid waste is known, according to the patent AVO 2005/123285, which includes the phases: receiving waste; mechanical sorting in dry and wet fractions; treating the dry fraction and preparing the WSRF fuel material; metal recovery; treatment of the wet fraction; refining and stabilizing the organic fraction; reducing the volume of waste materials; process air treatment; WSRF gasification in a reactor with at least one combustion chamber and the production of electricity from process-derived gas and / or hydrogen production, which has the disadvantage of eliminating a large part of the materials that could be recycled.

It is known a Combined treatment process for household waste and sewage water, according to the patent application US 2013/0008359, which includes the phases: sorting of metallic materials; crushing of garbage; domestic waste mixture with sewage water and air supply; sediment collection, filtration and drying; addition of flocculants in sewage water for separating substances and treating wastewater, using sorted materials as building materials or for energy use in boilers, which has the disadvantage of sorting a small part of the materials that could be recycled.

It is known a Method of using the urban and rural waste resources, according to the patent application US 2013/0252314, which includes the phases: waste reception, uniform distribution, separation of metallic materials; crushing of garbage; decanting and flotation, uniform cutting, acidification and anaerobic treatment, selection and separation, moderation and adjustment, additional anaerobic treatment, sedimentation and sludge concentration, which has the disadvantage of sorting a small part of the materials that could be recycled.

A method of sorting and separating materials from urban solid waste is known, cf. US patent 3,790,091A, which includes the phases: grinding; gravitational, dimensional and magnetic separation; the transfer of fractions to pelletizing or baling devices, the remains being incinerated or deposited in the garbage dump, which has the disadvantage of sorting a small part of the materials that could be recycled.

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It is known ο The method for obtaining a biostabilized substrate for forested land, from the integrated cycle treatment of urban solid waste, according to patent WO 2007/071571, which includes the phases: sorting garbage in wet and dry fractions; treatment of the dry fraction and obtaining of derived fuel and solid materials; treatment of products derived from the production of derived fuels in the gasifier and obtaining electricity and / or hydrogen and the production of inert residues in the form of glass mineral granules; biological stabilization of the wet fraction; refining and stabilizing the material with the production of stabilized organic fractions; sanitizing process residues with controlled dimensions; gasification of the derived fuel; stratification of the substrate for forested land, which has the disadvantage of eliminating a large part of the materials that could be recycled.

There is also known a Municipal solid waste spraying and sorting facility, cf. US patent 3,973,735, which includes a rotary screen in which the paper waste is transformed into the pulp with the help of sprayed and recovered, which has the disadvantage of sorting. a limited range of materials.

Also known is a facility for sorting household, industrial and construction waste, cf. patent RO 109514, through which a manual sorting of paper, plastic, aluminum, and metallic packaging is carried out, as well as a sorting. machining of construction and industrial waste, which has the disadvantage of not providing all categories of materials.

Also known is a facility for sorting construction waste, cf. patent

RO 121326, which includes a sorting line - vibrating funnel, rotary sieve for sorting wood, paper, plastic, metal, etc., followed by a manual sorting and a sifting of construction materials, which has the disadvantage of unsorting all categories of materials.

A method for treating solid waste is also known, based on the gradient composed of two distinct thermal sources, cf. US patent 2013/0341176 Al, which uses the pyrolysis process, which has the disadvantage of eliminating a very large part of the materials that would he could recycle.

Also known is an incineration process of emission products from industrial waste production, according to patent IP 0104060-0, which ensures a new process of controlling the incineration temperature in response to changes in the emissions of products and the flow of waste, which it has the disadvantage of eliminating a very large part of the materials that could be recycled.

An integrated system for the treatment and processing of solid waste is also known, cf. patent IP 0601690-1, which comprises the phases: waste reception; waste sorting; crushing of organic material; accelerated composting; incineration; treatment of gas, ash and Hchids

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efluiente; the generation of raw materials and reusable products, which has the disadvantage of eliminating a very large part of the materials that could be recycled.

Also known is a Process for the treatment of solid waste based on a plasma reactor, cf. the patent IP 0803036-7, which uses the pyrolysis process, which has the disadvantage of eliminating a very large part of the materials that could be recycled.

The technical problem, which the invention solves, consists in the realization of a process and the related mechanical-biological treatment facility of urban solid waste, with the separation of the waste stream into several component parts to give the possibility of recycling and subsequent recovery of materials and the raw materials contained, as well as the preparation of the material for the production of biogas through the anaerobic fermentation process, as well as fertilizers through the aerobic fermentation process.

The process and the related installation, according to the invention, solve the problem and remove the disadvantages shown above, in that it realizes the separation of the waste stream into several component parts for the recovery of as many materials and raw materials, in two phases: sorting, biological treatment, using:

- in the sorting phase - the manual sorting in the initial part and in the final selection, as well as the mechanical sorting with separators with disks, separators with vibrating sieves, ballistic separators, magnetic separators, separators in turbulent currents, optical separators with infrared spectrography, separators with rotary sieves, cyclone, hydrocyclone,

- in the biological treatment phase - shredding of organic matter, anaerobic fermentation in the digester, aerobic fermentation on the composting platform

Another object of the present invention was to sort as many recyclable wastes as possible.

Another object of the present invention is to sort at a high degree of purity the categories of recyclable waste and to deposit in the garbage dump a small amount of residual waste.

Another object of the present invention is the recording, monitoring and reporting of data (process parameters, quantities) resulted during the process to the functions concerned or to the monitoring / control authorities.

Another object of the present invention is to improve the working and protection conditions

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of the environment through the use of efficient equipment for the absorption of noxious releases in the production halls.

Another object of the present invention is to improve the technological storage standards.

Another object of the present invention is to make use of all recyclable products collected to interested companies.

Another object of the present invention is to minimize and streamline the use of human resources.

Another object of the present invention is to obtain low costs for all sorting and recycling operations that are carried out.

The process and the related installation, according to the invention, have the following advantages:

- ensures the sorting of both household and industrial and construction waste;

- ensures a high degree of sorting on the components that can be used as raw materials and materials;

- improves working conditions by mechanically carrying out all transport operations and final sorting of waste;

- ensures the high degree recovery of organic fractions and their conversion into biogas or fertilizers;

- ensures the protection of the environment;

The following is an example of embodiment of the invention, in relation to Figures 1-6, which represents:

FIG. 1, Composition of solid municipal waste in an urban or peri-urban locality;

FIG. 2, Composition of urban solid waste in a large urban locality;

FIG. 3, Scheme of principle of the process according to the invention;

FIG. 4, Scheme of principle of the installation, according to the invention;

FIG. 5, Operations carried out in a sorting center, equipment and methods used;

FIG. 6, Minimum technical requirements for the conditioning of the sorted waste for storage and transport to the recycling companies, according to the invention;

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The process according to the invention comprises several phases, according to Fig. 3, for obtaining as large a proportion of raw materials and materials from urban solid waste, for the purpose of recycling them, with applicability also to the current garbage dumps, realizing the separation of the waste stream into several component parts for the recovery of as many materials. and raw materials, in two phases: sorting, biological treatment, using:

- in the sorting phase - the manual sorting in the initial part and in the final selection, as well as the mechanical sorting or with infrared spectrography.

- in the biological treatment phase - grinding and preparation of organic matter, anaerobic fermentation in the digester, aerobic fermentation on the composting platform.

For a higher load, the use of a waste stream from the existing garbage dump near the proposed sorting plant is expected, and for increasing the quantity of organic matter for the biodigester it is expected to bring additions from third parties such as: Mud station treatment; Waste vegetable preservation, dairy and cheese manufacturing, slaughterhouses, potato processing, livestock farms, wine farms, agricultural farms; Beverage industry waste: breweries, non-alcoholic beverages, distilleries, coffee industry, fruit juice industry; Waste industrial production: paper and cardboard, rubber, chemical industry, starch manufacture, pharmaceutical industry; Food waste from: hotels, restaurants, canteens, bakeries, bakeries; Empty materials; PROTAN materials - animal remains: bones, skin, etc

The innovative concept is based on the advanced sorting of the biodegradable fraction of municipal waste and the cutting of this fraction. By chopping, an increase of the contact surface on which the processes of biodigestion occur, resulting in a considerable reduction of the time of the development of the phases of biodigestion, with the increase of biogas production. The increase of the processing degree of the raw material leads to the increase of the biogas production and to the diminution of the quantity of residues.

Chopping stabilizes and fluidizes the digestate suspension, allowing the processing of much larger quantities of solid raw material per unit volume of the biodigester.

The process allows the higher exploitation and capitalization of biodegradable materials from municipal waste by facilitating the introduction into a high-performance technological flow.

The installation according to the invention is of a floor type, according to Fig. 4, in which at the top level manual and mechanical sorting is performed with disc separators, vibrating screen separators, ballistic separators, magnetic separators, turbulent currents, infrared spectrographic optical separators, rotary, cyclone, hydrocyclone separators, and on the ground floor

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^ -2014 6 ο ⁷ ; ° ο 7 -10- 2014 the operations of transfer of the fractions from the manual sorting stations to the flows of specific materials, as well as the storage of large and heavy materials.

The main types of sorting machines used are the following:

Vibrating screen separators are part of the dynamic sifting machine category and perform material grading due to very fast and small amplitude vertical movements of the sorting surface, which separates the granulometric materials into 2 or more fractions, which can be used in the first step. preparation as well as after the grinding process, being made of wire mesh frames, and may have the following technical characteristics:

small amplitude - 1.5-10 mm high frequency - 500-3000 vibrations / min - vibration - mechanical (eccentric system), electromagnetic or pneumatic. inclination of the sieves - 15-40 ° (inclination is higher for small materials).

The separators with rotary screens (sieve) separates the granulometric materials into 2 or more fractions, which can be used both in the first step of preparation and after the grinding process, being made of drums of perforated sheet or wire mesh, cylindrical melt, polygonal or conical, with the propulsion of the material through the internal spiral or external device, as well as with a device for cleaning by water jet, air jet, impacting devices (hammers) or brushes, being used for the separation of dry waste, which may have the following technical characteristics:

Sorted waste - fine fractions, 2D + 3D materials Nr. website - 2 or more Speed - 5-15 rpm Cylinder diameter - 1.5 - 3.6 m Length - 6 - 15 m Nr. lot sizes - until 4 Separating blanket mesh - 50 mm Power / voltage - 15 kW - 400/230 V Capacity - 5t / h

The separators with disks separate in the cascade several granulometric (dimensional) fractions depending on the distances between the disks - the rotation of the disks being chosen inversely proportional to the distance between them, being composed of a classification grid with several partial sites located in the country.

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from a plurality of parallel shafts placed at equal distances from each other with rotary drive discs (hexagonal, oval, with spindles, polygonal, inclined discs, etc.), mounted on an inclined plane, which may have the following technical characteristics:

Sorted waste - 2D materials, fine fractions, materials 3D Nr. website - 3 Seating width - 1500 mm Nr. axis - 8/10/12/14/16/18 tilt - 5-15 ° Distance between trees - 510 mm Diameter of shafts - 244 mm Power / voltage - 3x3KW 400V Capacity - 150 t / day

Ballistic separators separate the waste into 3 fractions: heavy (plastic bottles, stones, metal, wood, boxes, etc.), light and payment (plastic foil, textile, paper, cardboard, etc.) and small (its size depends on the size of the screen), combining the separation by density and shape, being composed of a loading funnel and the bridge formed by several perforated metal bands that vibrate in the opposite one against the other, the bands having variable inclination, which may have the following technical characteristics:

Applications for packaging, paper, plastic film, containers, municipal solid waste sorting, organic material separation, construction and demolition.

Sorted waste - 2D materials, fine fractions, materials 3D Power / voltage - 3x4KW 400V Capacity - 60 - 140 mc / h Output flow volume - 60 - 80 mc / h Mass flow sorted - 15-28 t / h Surface sorting elements - 12-24 sqm Sort items length - 5600 - 6800 mm Perforation dimensions - 50x50 mm Adjustment angle - 10-25 ° Nr. by sorted fractions - 3-4 Nr. of sorting elements -4-8

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The magnetic separators are based on the electromagnetic attraction on the metallic materials, being constituted by a system with magnets located above the conveyor belts of the transport of waste, minced and out, magnets that sort the ferrous materials from the waste stream and eliminate them either perpendicularly or in parallel with the direction of the waste carrier.ee may have the following technical characteristics:

Sorted waste - metallic material Optimal particle size - 10-100 mm Flow - 500 Gauss 300 mm Speed band - 1-5 m / s Working width - 1; 1.5; 2 m Capacity - up to 75 mc / h

Separators in turbulent currents use the method of inducing turbulent currents in bodies that conduct electricity (Aluminum), which develops forces in a magnetic field, determining the deviation of the body's motion trajectory, which may have the following technical characteristics:

Sorted waste - material Al Speed band - 1-2.5 m / s Working width - 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 m Particle size selected - 0.5 - 20 mm Core speed - 2600 - 4000 rpm Frequency - 1.27 khz Separation percentage - 65 - 97%

Optical separators are based on color analysis or infrared spectrographic analysis, comparison with spectrograms in the database and a pneumatic material removal system, which may have the following technical characteristics:

Sorted waste - various types of plastic packaging

(PET, PS, PP, HDPE, LDPE, PVC, etc.)

Nr. of measurements - max 1600 / s height measurement - the 32 mm Frequency - 50 Hz

The distance between the measuring spots

at a carrier speed of 400 rpm - 40; 32 mm Conveyor speed - 400 rpm - min Pag /

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The cyclone separators separate the wastes into 2 fractions: heavy, light, performing centrifugal separation, by density, being composed of a trunk cylinder, with a large bottom base, and a tangential peripheral inlet nozzle through which the sorting flow driven by a fan enters, a superior concentric nozzle for light fraction removal and a lower one for heavy fraction evacuation, which may have the following technical characteristics:

Sorted waste - plastic

The rotary separators with air flow separates the wastes into 2 fractions: heavy, light, ensuring the separation on density, being composed of a rotary drum inclined at 15 ° to the horizontal, a separation and decanting chamber and a compressed air system, which may have the following technical characteristics:

Waste sorted - various

The suction systems separate the waste into 2 fractions: heavy, light, combining manual and pneumatic separation, being composed of a suction funnel mounted above a conveyor belt, which may have the following technical characteristics:

Sorted waste - plastic sheet

The hydrocyclone separators separate the wastes into 2 fractions: heavy, light, performing the centrifugal separation, by density, being composed of a trunk cylinder, with a large bottom base, and a tangential peripheral inlet nozzle through which to enter the sorting flow driven by a flow of water, a concentric upper nozzle for lightweight fractional discharge and a lower one for heavy fractional discharge, which may have the following technical characteristics:

Waste sorted - various

The manual sorting ensures the separation of the different qualities of recovered paper, bottles of different colors or blends, white or colored polyethylene sheets, etc., but can also remove impurities or harmful components, being positive (with the extraction of the recoverable material from the waste stream), of high quality and low productivity, or negative (with the removal of impurities from the flow of materials) of higher productivity, but of lower quality.

In the sorting phase, urban solid waste 1, which contains: large building materials, rubble, large metallic materials, small metallic materials, household electrical appliances, tires, large corrugated cardboard, small corrugated cardboard, newspaper, mixed paper, magazines, plastic foil, HDPE packaging, PET packaging, glass, TETRAPAK packaging, organic material, animal debris, vegetable debris, etc., brought by garbage disposal, together with some of the materials in the trash bin 2, brought with a conveyor and gutter installation. on inclined plane 3, after weighing and a sorting of the deconstruction materials

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6 (-2014 1 * 0747 d 1 -io- 2QU large, debris, large metallic materials, household appliances, tires and large animal and vegetable debris on the storage platform T of the sorting station, are loaded with mechanical means on a conveyor belt. load 4, with flow controlled by mechanical or electronic means, and pass through the right of a station for the unpacking of the household bags 5, manually or mechanized, then on a treadmill 6 through the right of a manual sorting station 7, mainly of plastic sheets , which is sent through a mouth of a suction pipe - located above the belt, and pneumatic transport Al to one of the S silos, where it is silenced and weighed, and then sent to a compactor C for shipment to the beneficiary. it comprises several sorting holes G through which the sorted material reaches the corresponding flow for silage of the respective material.

A disc separator 8 - with greater distance between discs and reduced speed, achieves the separation of the 2D material - the large corrugated cardboard, which is sent on a treadmill LI to one of the specific silos S. The materials on the flow enter a separator with vibrating screen 9 separating the small material - small corrugated cardboard and transmits them on the L2 treadmill to the sorting stations 10, also provided with sorting holes G and pneumatic vacuum cleaners A, the small material - organic waste that sends it on a L13 treadmill to one of the specific silos S, and the 3D material and other fractions enter the second disc separator 11 - with the average distance between discs and higher speed, which achieves the separation of the 2D material - newspaper paper, which is sent on a L3 treadmill through the right of the sorting stations 10 to one of the specific silos S.

The other fractions enter the third disc separator 12 - with the small distance between discs and high speed, which achieves the separation of the 2D material - magazines, which are sent on a L4 treadmill by the right of the sorting stations 10 to one of the specific silos S.

The remaining fractions enter a ballistic separator 13, which separates the 2D material - mixed paper that is sent on a L5 treadmill by the right of the sorting stations 10 to one of the specific silos S, the small material sends it on a L12 treadmill to the magnetic separator 14, and the 3D material to an optical sorter with infrared spectrography 15, which separates the HDPE packages, which is perforated for compaction in the perforator 16 and sent on a treadmill L6, through the sorting stations 17, to one of the specific silos S .

The remaining fractions enter into a separator with turbulent currents 18, which separates the packages from Al, which is sent on a L7 treadmill, by the right of the sorting stations 17, to one of the specific silos S, and the rest of the materials enters an optical sorter. with infrared spectrography 19, which separates the PET packaging, which is sent on a L8 treadmill, by the right of sorting stations 17, to one of the specific silos S.

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The remaining fractions enter an optical sorter with infrared spectrography 20, which separates the TETRAPAK packages, which is sent on a L9 treadmill, by the right of the sorting stations 17, to one of the specific silos S, and the mixed plastic material is collected on a the treadmill L10, and passes through the right of the sorting stations 17, to one of the specific silos S.

The magnetic separator 14 separates the small metal material that is sent on a treadmill LII, by the right of the sorting stations 17, to one of the specific silos S, and the remaining fractions are passed through a separator with rotary sieves 21, which separates the light fraction from the one heavy, sending on a pneumatic conveyor A2 to a cyclone separator 22 that separates the textile material and the polystyrene waste, being silage in specific silos S, and the heavy fraction is sent on a treadmill L13 to a hydrocyclone separator 23, which separates from glass residues, which are collected in a specific S silo, the residues being collected in another S specific silo and compacted.

In general, the operations performed in a sorting center, the equipment and methods currently used are shown in Fig. 5.

The minimum technical requirements for the conditioning of the sorted waste for storage and transport to the recycling companies are according to Fig. 6.

Large building materials, rubble, large metallic materials, household appliances, large plant and animal debris as well as tires sorted on the storage platform, are sorted and recycled by known means and therefore not shown.

The mechanical sorting, depending on the programmed capacity of the installation, may comprise one or more lines consisting of 3 separators with discs 8, 11, 12 and one separator with vibrating screen 9.

The S silos have movable doors for unloading and are provided with automatic weighing systems in order to know in real time the quantities of raw materials and sorted materials.

The S silos are grouped in a transfer station for temporary collection for the purpose of directing them to the profile treatment units. The stations are equipped with special pressing machines and containers for waste transport, which are brought inside the dump station and unloaded on specially designed ramps.

In order to ensure a working environment with reduced pollution, each sorting station 10 is provided with a pneumatic vacuum cleaner mouth A for taking out the plastic sheets, as well as with several sorting holes G through which the materials are sent down to the flows. specific sorted materials.

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In the biological treatment phase, the organic matter, brought on the L14 treadmill in the S silo, is supplemented with additions such as: Sludge treatment plant; Waste vegetable preservation, dairy and cheese manufacturing, slaughterhouses, potato processing, livestock farms, wine farms, agricultural farms; Waste beverage industry: breweries, non-alcoholic beverages, distilleries, coffee industry, soft drinks industry; Waste industrial production: paper and cardboard, rubber, chemical industry, starch manufacture, pharmaceutical industry; Food waste from: hotels, restaurants, canteens, bakeries, bakeries; Empty materials; PROTAN materials - animal remains: bones, skin, etc., which are provisionally stored in the specific silos S, being mixed in the chopping plant 24, with these and with animal remains processed in the acid reactor 25, with wastewater collected from the territory of the station through a collector 26, with vegetable waste chopped in the chopper 27, to obtain a reduction of the organic fraction below 1 mm. Some of the vegetable debris chopped in chopper 27 goes directly to the composting platform 31.

The prepared material iii the chopping plant 24 is introduced into the biodigestor 28, in which the anaerobic fermentation is carried out, after which biogas is produced which is stored in the tank 29, for distribution to the users, and from the undigested material a liquid fraction and one are obtained. the solid which is granulated in a granulator 30 and mixed with the composted material on the composting platform 31, where aerobic fermentation is carried out, in order to obtain fertilizer for agriculture, which is stored in a silo 32 for dispatch.

The technological process of mechanical-biological treatment is supervised by a video monitoring installation and is coordinated by a specific process software for recording, monitoring and reporting the data (process parameters, quantities) resulted during the process.

It should be understood that the above description was given by way of example and that it in no way restricts the scope of the invention if the details presented will be replaced by equivalent ones. All these modifications and variations of the method structure can be made by the specialists, in light of the above description and are included in the scope of the requested claims.

Claims (15)

1. Process for mechano-biological treatment of urban solid waste, according to the invention, characterized in that it has several phases for obtaining in the greatest proportion of raw materials and materials from urban solid waste, for the purpose of their recycling, with applicability and at the current garbage dumps, realizing the separation of the waste stream into several component parts for the valorization of as many materials and raw materials, in two phases: sorting, biological treatment, using: - in the sorting phase - the manual sorting in the initial part and in the final selection, as well as the mechanical sorting or with infrared spectra. - in the biological treatment phase - shredding and conditioning of organic matter, fermentation of the aerobic acid in the digester, aerobic fermentation on the composting platform. 2. Method for the mechanical-biological treatment of urban solid waste, according to claim 1, characterized in that for a higher load, the use and flow of waste from the existing waste bin near the proposed sorting plant is envisaged, and for increasing the amount of organic matter for the biodigester is expected to bring from third parties additions such as: Sludge treatment plant; Waste vegetable preservation, dairy and cheese manufacturing, slaughterhouses, potato processing, livestock farms, wine farms, agricultural farms; Beverage industry waste: breweries, non-alcoholic beverages, distilleries, coffee industry, fruit juice industry; Waste industrial production: paper and cardboard, rubber, chemical industry, starch manufacture, pharmaceutical industry; Food waste from: hotels, restaurants, canteens, bakeries, bakeries; Empty materials; PROTAN materials - animal remains: bones, skin, etc. 3. A process for mechano-biological treatment of urban solid waste, according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses the advanced sorting of the biodegradable fraction from municipal waste and the cutting of this fraction, to increase the contact surface on which the processes of biodigestion occur, with the reduction considerable of the time of the biodigestion phases and the increase of biogas production. 4. Mechano-biological treatment plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it is of a floor type in which at the top level manual and mechanical sorting is performed with disc separators, vibrating screen separators, ballistic separators, magnetic separators, separators in turbulent currents, optical separators with infrared spectrography, separators with rotating sieves, cyclone, hydro cyclone, and at the ground floor the operations of transfer of the fractions from Pag / -2 or ^υ Ο 7 4 7 - - C Ο 7 -10- 2014 the manual sorting stations to the flows of specific materials, as well as the temporary storage of large and heavy materials. 5. Mechanical-biological treatment plant according to claim 4, characterized in that, in the sorting phase, the urban solid waste (1), brought by self-waste, together with some of the materials in the garbage dump (2), brought with an installation with conveyor belts and troughs on an inclined plane (3), after weighing and a selection of large building materials, rubble, large metal materials, household appliances, tires and large animal and vegetable debris on the station's storage platform (T) sorting, they are loaded by mechanical means on a loading band (4), with flow controlled by mechanical or electronic means, and pass through the right of a station for unpacking household bags (5), manually or mechanized, then on a treadmill. (6) by the right of a manual sorting station (7), mainly of plastic sheets, which are sent through a mouth of a suction pipe - located above the belt, and pneumatic transport (Al) to one of the silos (S), where they are silage and weighing, being then sent to a compactor (C) in order to be sent to the beneficiary. 6. Mechanical-biological treatment plant according to Claim 4, characterized in that, for the purpose of ensuring a working climate with reduced pollution, each sorting station (10) is provided with a pneumatic vacuum cleaner mouth (A) for taking the sheets. plastic, as well as with several sorting holes (G) through which the materials are sent through the lower level to the specific flows of sorted materials. 7. Mechanical-biological treatment plant. according to claim 4, characterized in that a disc separator (8) - with greater distance between discs and reduced speed, achieves the separation of the 2D material - the large corrugated cardboard, which is sent on a treadmill (Ll) to one of the specific silos. (S), after which the materials on the flow enter a separator with vibrating screen (9) which separates the small material - small corrugated cardboard and sends them on the treadmill (L2) to the sorting stations (10), also provided with sorting holes (G) and pneumatic vacuum cleaners (A), the small material - organic waste that sends it on a treadmill (L13) to one of the specific silos (S), after which the 3D material and other fractions enter the second separator with discs (11) - with the average distance between discs and higher speed, which achieves the separation of 2D material - newspaper paper, which is sent on a treadmill (L3) by the right of sorting stations (10) to one of the specific silos fice (S), and the other fractions enter the third disc separator (12) with little distance between discs and high speed, which achieves the separation of 2D material - magazines, which are sent on a treadmill (L4) by the right of sorting stations. (10) to one of the specific silos (S). --n Pag ___ / ίV 2 ο 14 0 0 7 4 ° -0 7 -10- 20 « 8. Mechanical-biological treatment plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the remaining fractions after the disc separators enter into a ballistic separator (13), which separates the 2D material - mixed paper which is sent on a treadmill (L5) by the right of the sorting stations (10) to one of the specific silos (S), the small material sends it on a treadmill (L12) to the magnetic separator (14), and the 3D material to an optical sorter with infrared spectrographs (15), separating the HDPE packages, which are perforated for compaction in the perforator (16) and sent on a treadmill (L6), by the right of sorting stations (17), to one of the specific silos (S). 9. Mechanical-biological treatment plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the remaining fractions after the ballistic separator enter into an optical sorter with infrared spectrographs (20), which separates the TETRAPAK packages, which are sent on a treadmill (L9 ), through the right of sorting stations (17), to one of the specific siloes (S), and the mixed plastic material is collected on a treadmill (L10), and passes through the right of the sorting stations (17), to one of the specific siloes (S). 10. Mechanical-biological treatment plant according to claim 4, characterized in that a magnetic separator (14) separates the small metal material that is sent on a treadmill (LII), by the right of the sorting stations (17), to one of the specific silos (S), and the remaining fractions are passed through a separator with rotary screens (21), which separates the light fraction from the heavy one, sending the light fraction on a pneumatic conveyor (A2) to a cyclone separator (22) that separates the textile material and the polystyrene waste, being silage in specific silos (S), and the heavy fraction is sent on a treadmill (L13) to a separator with hydrocyclone (23), which separates from the glass residues, which is collected in a silo specific (S), the residues being collected in another specific silo (S) and compacted. 11. Mechanical-biological treatment plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the mechanical sorting, depending on the programmed capacity of the installation, may comprise one or more lines consisting of 3 disc separators (8), (11), ( 12) and a separator with vibrating screen (9). 12. Mechanical-biological treatment plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the silos (S) have movable doors for unloading and are provided with automatic weighing systems in order to know in real time the quantities of raw materials and sorted materials. 13. Mechanical-biological treatment plant according to claim 4, characterized in that, in the biological treatment phase, the organic matter, brought on the treadmill (L14) in the silo (S), is supplemented by additions of the organic substance from third parties. , which are stored in Page ___ / -I14 Ο 7 -10- 2014 specific silos (S), being mixed in the chopping plant (24), with these and with animal remains processed in the acid reactor (25), with wastewater collected from the station's territory through a collector ( 26), with chopped vegetable waste in the chopper (27), to obtain a shredding of the organic fraction below 1 mm, and some of the chopped vegetable waste in the chopper (27) goes directly to the composting platform (31). 14. Mechanical-biological treatment plant according to claim 4, characterized in that, in the biological phase, the material prepared in the chopping plant (24) is introduced into the biodigestor (28), where the anaerobic fermentation is carried out, following which produces biogas that is stored in the tank (29), for distribution to the users, and from the undigested material, a liquid and a solid fraction are obtained which is granulated in a granulator (30) and is mixed with the composted material on the composting platform. (31), where aerobic fermentation is done, in order to obtain fertilizer for agriculture, which is stored in a silo (32) for shipment. 15. Mechanical-biological treatment plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the technological process of mechanical-biological treatment is supervised by a video monitoring installation and is coordinated by a specific process software for recording, monitoring and reporting data. (process parameters, quantities) results during the process.